Tournai Cathedral
Our Lady of Tournai Notre-Dame de Tournai Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Doornik | |
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Hainaut, Belgium | |
Geographic coordinates | 50°36′23.58″N 3°23′19.89″E / 50.6065500°N 3.3888583°E |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) | Building: unknown [1] Sacristy: G. Hersecap[1] Holy Spirit chapel: Simon Vollant[1] |
Type | Church |
Style | Romanesque, Gothic, French Baroque |
Groundbreaking | Nave: 1140 and 1171[2] Transepts: 1199–1213[1] Transept vaults: 1243–1255[1] Gothic choir:1243–1255[1] Sacristy: 1676[1] Holy Spirit chapel: 1680[1][3] |
Completed | 1700[1] |
Specifications | |
Direction of façade | NW |
Length | 134 metres (440 ft) |
Width | 60 metres (200 ft) |
Width (nave) | 20 metres (66 ft) |
Height (max) | 83 metres (272 ft) |
Spire(s) | 5 (7 planned) |
Spire height | 83 metres (272 ft) |
Europe and North America | |
Session | 24th |
Website | |
www |
The Cathedral of Our Lady (
History
Early history
There was a
The nave belongs mostly to the first third of the 12th century. Prefiguring the Early Gothic style, it has a second-tier gallery between the ground-floor arcade and the triforium. Pilasters between the round-arched windows in the clerestory help support the 18th-century vaulting that replaced the original ceiling, which was of wood, and flat.
The transept arms, built in about the mid-12th century, have apsidal ends, a feature borrowed in all probability from certain Rhenish churches, and which would appear to have made its influence felt in the north-east of France, as at Noyon and Soissons. The square towers that flank the transept arms reach a height of 83 metres (272 ft). They vary in detail, some of the arcade work with which they are enriched being in the round-arched and some in the pointed style.
Bishop Gautier de Marvis had the earlier Romanesque choir demolished in the 13th century, in order to replace it with a Gothic choir of much grander dimensions, inspired by the likes of Amiens Cathedral. The construction of the new choir began in 1242, and ended in 1255. The rest of the cathedral was supposed to be rebuilt in the same style as the choir, but this was never attempted, the only later additions being the western porch, and a large Gothic chapel which was built alongside one of the side aisles, whose original walls and windows disappeared in the process.
The
The glass-stained windows were made by Arnold of Nijmegen and date from 1507.[6]
Damage and restoration
The cathedral was damaged by a severe tornado on the 24 August 1999. Assessment of the damage revealed underlying structural problems and the cathedral has been undergoing extensive repairs and archaeological investigation ever since. The Brunin Tower was stabilised in 2003.
In recognition of Tournai cathedral's cultural value, UNESCO designated the building a World Heritage Site in 2000.
Specifications
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Bells
Tournai Cathedral has five bells: Marc, Marie-Nicolas, Marie-Étienne, Marie-Gasparine (also known as Marie-Pontoise by Tournaisians) and Catherine. Marie-Gasparine and Marie-Étienne are considered bourdon bells due to their deep notes. Marie-Gasparine is the largest of the five bells, it was cast in 1843 and weighs 9 tons.
Burials
Gallery
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Aerial view
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Nave, facing toward choir
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Reconstruction showing the original Romanesque choir (front) and two never-built towers (back)
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Floor plan
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The issue of souls in purgatory (Rubens, c. 1635)
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Stained-glass windows
See also
- Roman Catholic Marian churches
- List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
References
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Description of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ Bony 1983, p. 159
- ^ Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Tournai. "La chapelle du Saint-Esprit". Official website (in French). Diocèse de Tournai. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "L'ensemble de la Cathédrale Notre-Dame à l'exception de l'orgue de choeur (partie instrumentale et buffet)". Patrimoine Wallon (in French). Direction de la Protection - Région Wallone. Retrieved 7 July 2011. - n° 57081-CLT-0002-01 - 5 February 1936
- ^ "Arnold of Nijmegen". Visit Stained Glass. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
- Bibliography
- "Tournai Cathedral (Belgium)" (PDF). Evaluation by ICOMOS(Report). UNESCO. 2000. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- Bony, Jean (1983). French Gothic architecture of the 12th and 13th centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05586-5.
External links
- Media related to Cathédrale Notre-Dame (Tournai) at Wikimedia Commons
- "Complete catalogue of images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- "Architectural images of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tournai". Picture Library. Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- Tournai: Our Lady's Cathedral - from Belgium Travel Network
- Tournai Cathedral (pdf) - UNESCO site, contains detailed description and history
- Cathedral Notre-Dame - from official site of the city of Tournai