Transport in Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state in western India. It is the country's second-most-populous state and third-largest state by area. Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea on the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli on the northwest, Madhya Pradesh on the north and northeast, Chhattisgarh on the east, Karnataka on the south, Telangana on the southeast and Goa on the southwest. The state covers 307,731 km2 (118,816 sq mi), or 9.84 percent of India's total area.
Human power
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In rural areas of Maharashtra, walking remains a common mode of transport. In large cities, such as Mumbai and Pune, skywalks have been proposed or are under construction to enhance pedestrian safety and convenience; the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority has begun construction of more than 50 such skywalks.[1][2]
There is a high level of bicycle ownership in the state. Along with walking, cycling accounts for a significant number of commuter trips in rural and urban areas Pune was long known as the bicycle city of India. During the 1970s, bicycles began to be replaced by motorcycles. To combat pollution and ease traffic congestion, government development authorities are encouraging the use of separate bicycle lanes next to motor traffic.
Animal powered
Bullock carts have historically been the most common mode of transport in Maharashtra for goods and, to a lesser extent, for people. They are still used in rural areas for transporting goods to homes and farms, or for transporting produce such as sugarcane to a mill.[3] Khillari cattle have been the most popular for use as oxen.[4]
Horses (
Road transport
At 267,452 kilometres (166,187 mi), Maharashtra has India's largest road network.[7] Seventeen national highways connect Maharashtra to six neighbouring states.[8] The state's national highways are 4,688 kilometres (2,913 mi) long.[9] Maharashtra also has a large state-highway network; in March 2018, 99.5 percent of the state's villages were connected by all-weather roads. The Yeshwantrao Chavan Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first controlled-access toll road, becamee fully operational in April 2002.
The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) has been providing public-sector road passenger service since 1948, linking most of the state's towns and villages in a large network. These buses, popularly known as ST (State Transport), are the preferred mode of transport for much of Maharashtra's population. In addition to the government-run buses, private luxury buses serve major population centres. Other modes of public road transport, such as the seven-seat Tempo, have become popular in semi-urban areas. The Bandra Worli sea link is one of the longest bridges in the country. It was opened in 2009. The Trans Harbour bridge is the longest bridge in India and it will be opened on 12 January 2024, after the prime minister, Narendra Modi, inaugurates the bridge. It connects Bombay with Navi Mumbai. [10][11]
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Major roads in Maharashtra
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Puntamba railway crossing
Railways
Rail transport is primarily provided by Indian Railways, part of the Ministry of Railways and divided into eighteen zones.[12] IR is sub-divided into sixty-seven divisions, each with a divisional headquarters.[13][14]
Maharashtra is connected to other parts of India with a 5,983-kilometre (3,718 mi) rail network, and contains many IR zone and division headquarters:
- IR's Central and Western Railway zones are headquartered in Mumbai at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CSTM) and Churchgate, respectively.
- Nagpur Junction houses the Nagpur and divisions of the Central and South East Central zones, respectively.
- The Nanded division of the South Central Railway zone, which serves Maharashtra's Marathwada region, and
- The coastal region and continues down the country's west coast.
The Mumbai and Pune Suburban Railways carry about 6.4 million passengers daily.[15] Maharashtra also has metro and monorail networks. Mumbai Metro is operational, and metros in Nagpur, Navi Mumbai, Nashik and Pune are under construction. The Greater Nashik Metro, being built by Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited, is planned to connect the city with suburban areas such as Nashik Road, Nashik Airport and Sinnar. Mumbai Monorail is operational, and Pune Monorail is proposed. Mumbai had tram service until 1964, when it was replaced by expanded bus service.[16]
A rail tunnel under the sea is planned. It will link the UAE with the western coast of India. The tunnel will be supported by pontoons and will be nearly 2000 kilometres in length.[17] [18]
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IR'sNagpur Duronto Express
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Western Railway local train
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Mumbai Metro train
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Pune Metro trial coaches in 2019
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Mumbai Monorail
Air
Civil aviation in Maharashtra began in the 1920s with
Airports
Most of Maharashtra's airfields are operated by the
Maharashtra has three international airports:
- Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, India's second busiest
- Pune Airport, with flights to Dubai and Singapore
- Nagpur's Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport
Major domestic airports of Maharashtra include:
- Aurangabad Airport
- Jalgaon Airport
- Nanded Airport
- Kolhapur Airport
- Nashik Airport
Airports at
The MADC operates a greenfield airport at Shirdi, and IRB Infrastructure operates Sindhudurg Airport. A new passenger terminal at Nashik Airport was inaugurated in March 2014.[25] The Navi Mumbai International Airport, being constructed by CIDCO for ₹90 billion (US$1.1 billion), is expected to be completed and become operational by March 2025.[26] The New Pune Airport is planned,[27] in addition to greenfield airports at Boramani (near Solapur) and Gadchiroli.[23]
Water
The ports on the Konkan coast have historically been the gateway to the
See also
References
- MMRDA. Archivedfrom the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
- ^ S.Shanker (23 November 2008). "Mumbai pedestrians can walk safe in the sky". The Hindu Business Line. p. 1. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
- ISBN 978-0-89148-036-5.
- ^ Momongan VG. Reproduction in draught animals. Draught Animal Power for Production. ACIAR Proceedings. 1985 Jul 10;10:123-9.
- ISBN 978-0-521-25484-7.
- ISBN 8174360123), p. 103.
- ^ "Table No 2". Morth.nic.in. 31 March 1996. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ^ "Maharashtra – Physical Infrastructure, Roads" (PDF). India Brand Equity Foundation. November 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Statistics". Mahapwd.com. 31 March 2000. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ^ https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-photos-videos-cost-mthl-traffic-rules-mumbai-police-2487221-2024-01-11
- ^ https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atal-setu-indias-longest-bridge-news-pm-modi-inaugurate-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mthl-today-11705023137497.html
- ^ "Kolkata Metro is now the 17th zone of Indian Railways". The Times of India.
- ISBN 978-81-230-1254-4.
- ^ "Geography: Railway zones". Indian Railways Fan Club. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ "Maharashtra – Physical Infrastructure, Railways" (PDF). IBEF. November 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "India". Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "A 2,000-km-long underwater rail will connect Mumbai to the UAE very soon! | Times of India Travel". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-30.
- ^ "The UAE wants an underwater bullet train to India". 5 December 2018.
- Flight Global. 27 April 1939. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- Flight Global. 2 February 1939. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ^ "Airstrips in Maharashtra". Maharashtra Public Works Department. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ "Reliance Airport gets five projects on lease". The Times of India. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
- ^ a b "MIDC projects". Maharashtra Airport Development Company. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "List of Aerodromes Licensed under Private Category" (PDF). Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India). Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Ozar terminal to be inaugurated on March 2". The Times of India. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Navi Mumbai airport's first phase to be operational by March-end next year: Scindia". The Hindu. 14 January 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
- ^ "Airport near Rajgurunagar, Pune". Maharashtra Airport Development Company. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "List of ports in Maharashtra". Regional Port Offices. Maharashtra Maritime Board. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ "Sea ports of Maharashtra". Geo cities organisation. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.