Twelfth grade
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Twelfth grade (also known as 12th grade, grade 12, senior year, or class 12) is the twelfth
Australia
In Australia, the twelfth grade is referred to as Year 12. In New South Wales, students are usually 16 or 17 years old when they enter Year 12 and 17 or 18 years during graduation (end of year). A majority of students in Year 12 work toward getting an ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank). Up until the start of 2020 the OP (Overall Position, which applies only to students in the state of Queensland) was used.[1] Both of these allow/allowed them access to courses at university.[2][3][4][5] In Western Australia, this is achieved by completing the WACE; in South Australia, this is achieved by completing the SACE; in Victoria, this is achieved by completing the VCE; in the Australian Capital Territory, this is achieved by completing the AST[6] and in New South Wales this is achieved by completing the HSC.[7]
In New South Wales, when completing the [HSC], students are required to satisfactorily complete at least 10 units of study in ATAR courses which must include:
- eight units from Category A courses
- two units of English
- three Board Developed courses of two units or greater
- four subjects
Some Year 12s may receive a Year 12 Jersey. Schools choose the design, colors, and writing which are printed or stitched onto the jersey. Sometimes the last two digits of the year they are graduating are printed on the back (for example, "12" for 2012 school leavers) along with a personalized nickname or surname. The front may show the school emblem and the student's name, which is occasionally stitched in.
Many schools conduct end of year "formals" (similar to a
Bangladesh
In
Belgium
In Belgium, the 12th grade is called 6de middelbaar or laatste jaar in Dutch, rhéto or 6e secondaire in French. This is the final year of secondary education. If you succeed in completing it and after a final exam, you receive a diploma. This is needed if you want to proceed to higher education.
Brazil
In Brazil, the twelfth grade is the "terceiro ano do ensino médio", meaning "third grade of high school", being the last grade of high school. It is typically attended by 17–18 years old students. During this grade, most students apply in the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, and exame vestibular, the entrance examinations to education institutions.
Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, the twelfth grade is the last year of high school. Twelfth-grade students tend to be 18 years old. After the successful completion of grade 12, students sit for state matriculation exams. The compulsory state matriculation exams are two. One of them must be in Bulgarian Language and Literature, and the other one depends on what subjects were taught during the last 2 years.
Canada
In Canada, the twelfth grade is referred to as Grade 12. Students generally enter their Grade-12 year when they are 16-or 17-years old. If they are 16-years old, they will be turning 17 by December 31 of that year; thus, students in Canada generally graduate high school at 17-or 18-years old. In many Canadian high schools, students in their Grade-12 year hold a series of fundraisers, grade-class trips, and other social events. Grade-12 Canadian students attend Graduation which usually involves an official ceremony.
Quebec is the only province that does not have Grade 12; its students finish secondary school at the equivalent of Grade 11, and then do 2 years of college before going to university. Thus, when a student is in Grade 12 in Ontario, for instance, the student in Quebec is in their first year of college.
Newfoundland and Labrador did not introduce Grade 12 until 1983.
Denmark
In Denmark, the twelfth grade is called the 3.g ("the 3rd G"), and is the third and final year of secondary school (Gymnasium). Secondary school is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory through 9th grade. Students are often 18-19 or older when they finish secondary school. This high age of graduation can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, Danish children start school at the age of 6. Secondly, it is fairly common in Denmark to take a one year-gap between the 9th grade and 1.g (the first year of secondary school) to either go to special art- or sports-oriented boarding school, called Efterskole, or to go abroad as a 10th grade exchange student. A concept similar to the Efterskole exists for secondary school graduates: Højskole. Combined with the common Danish practice of taking one or several gap-years (or Sabbaticals) between secondary school and university for working and traveling, comparatively few students attend higher education directly after Gymnasium.
Finland
The twelfth grade is the third and usually last year (a fourth-year is possible) of high school or secondary school (or Gymnasium). The students graduate from high school at around 18, with some 17 or 19. The twelfth grade is shorter than previous because the twelfth graders' lessons end in February and they go on to take their final exams shortly afterward. Compulsory education ends after the twelfth grade, and it is completely optional for a student to continue into fourth-year.[10]
France
The equivalent grade in France is
Germany
In Germany, students wishing to take the Abitur usually had to attend the thirteenth grade, but most states are shortening the Gymnasium (the university-bound secondary school system in Germany) from nine to eight years. The recent tendency is re-introduction of the thirteenth year, as in Bavaria.
Greece
In Greece, the twelfth (12th) grade is called the third year of lyceum school or high school or upper secondary school (Triti Lykeiou – Τρίτη Λυκείου).
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, 12th grade is called Form 6. Form 6 students are required to take the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education, also known as HKDSE.
Hungary
In Hungary, students take a national exam called érettségi (lit. "maturity test") at the end of their 12th grade, except for certain vocational schools, where they only take a vocational exam. The érettségi exam consists of standard school subjects, everyone has to take an exam of literature and grammar, mathematics, and history, and they have to choose 2 other subjects, one of which has to be a foreign language, and, in most vocational schools, the other is a mixed test of vocational knowledge.
12th-grade students often participate in graduation ceremonies before the érettségi exam. In most schools, there is a full-day ceremony on Friday or Saturday before the exam, which is called ballagás (lit. "going away", or "exiting"). In many schools, students attend other ceremonies during their 12th grade as well. For example, many schools hold a szalagavató event (lit. "ribbon commencement") at the beginning of the school year, where 12th graders receive a ribbon or a similar emblem with the name of their high school and the beginning and closing year of their studies there, which they later wear on their coats. 12th-grade students also often visit their teachers before the final exam, traditionally in the evening, either at their home or in the school, to sing them in the street below, and say farewell. This tradition is simply called szerenád. They also often take choir rehearsals before to learn how to sing together.
India
In
Students participate in a party organized by the school and junior college in some regions and states known as Farewell Function, quite similar to prom, at the end of the session.
After finishing Class 12th, students usually apply for
Indonesia
In
Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, it is the sixth and final year of
Israel
In
Italy
In
Kuwait
In
Lebanon
In Lebanon, twelfth grade is the third year of high school, also referred to as the third year of higher secondary education, the class of seniors, or the last class of the school. Students in twelfth grade in Lebanon are between the ages of 17 and 18.[12]
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the 12th grade is also known as Form 6 in a secondary school which is further divided into Lower 6 and Upper 6. The students at this stage are 18 years old and will usually complete their schooling at 19 years old. Students generally complete their schooling at 17, or Form 5, however Form 6 is an option for students to pursue after Form 5, among other options such as matriculation, and other pre-university courses. Students who take Form 6 have to sit for the Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia (STPM) Examinations, which shares many similarities with the A-Level Examinations.
Mexico
In
Netherlands
In the
New Zealand
In New Zealand, 12th grade is known as Year 13 (New Zealand students attend 13 years of school, starting at the age of 5). Students in Year 13 are usually 17–18 years old. This is the last year of secondary school. In Year 13, students complete NCEA Level 3, which involves getting a certain number of 'credits' from different external exams and other internal assessments. Students must gain 80 achieved credits or higher (20 of which are taken from Level 2) to pass the year.[14]
Norway
In Norway, 12th grade does not officially exist, but its equivalent is the 2nd grade of secondary school or gymnasium. This is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory until 10th grade.
Courses vary as students choose a specific program in 1st grade of secondary school or gymnasium. Examples of programs are General Studies, Media and Communication, Health and Care, Industrial work, Design and craftsmanship, economics, or agriculture. There are 12 national programs, where 9 will get the students ready for work, and 3 will prepare the students for more advanced studies. Two of the vocational programs (media and communication, and agriculture) may also prepare the students for more advanced studies if taken the third year.
Pakistan
In
Philippines
In the Philippines, Grade 12 is the final year of Senior High School and High School curriculum under the new K–12 that was first implemented on April 24, 2012, as part of the curriculum's 9-year implementation process from May 20, 2008 to June 5, 2017. It is also the last year of high school, and the basic and compulsory education in the country before graduates choose to enter tertiary education (e.g. college or university, which are both used interchangeably), entrepreneurship, or employment. Students are usually 17–18 years old.[15]
As a result of incomplete transition after World War II, the K–10 system was used for 72 years from May 28, 1945 until the implementation of K–12 curriculum on Grade 6 on June 5, 2017, which consisted of one-year non-compulsory preschool education, six-year compulsory elementary education and four-year compulsory high school education. Stage also had a different numbering system and students graduated at 4th Year (Filipino: Ika-apat na Taon). The historic 4th Year is equivalent to Form 4 in neighboring Malaysia,
The last school year to fully use the 1945–2017, or K–10 system, was SY 2011–2012. Kindergarten was made obligatory, which served as a requirement for the implementation of K–12 and process of phasing out the K–10 on April 24, 2012, and part of the K–12's 9-year implementation process. The other grades are still the same as before (Grade 1 to Fourth Year), while the last to use this system is SY 2016–2017. By the said school year, Grade 6 is the only grade that is still under the 1945 K–10 system, while the rest are now under K–12.[16]
Subjects on Grade 12 are enrolled on a semestral basis as in Grade 11. Afterwards, Grade 12 students will take the last National Achievement Test called the Basic Education Exit Assessment, although this is not a requirement for graduation or college enrollment.[17] Finally, graduation rites are held, being the next grade to do so after Grade 6 for elementary school graduates.[18]
Students also start at the young age of 16–17 years old more often in female than male students.
Portugal
In Portugal, the 12th grade is considered the last year of compulsory education and the last year of high school. Students choose 5 out of a wide range of subjects, with physical education being mandatory. Out of the other four, two of them are the subjects that will be evaluated in their final exams or national exams (exams national), one must be considered a branch of either of the two subjects that have been already evaluated in the 11th grade national exams, and the last can be a broadening of an already studied subject or a whole new one. The obligatory subjects (submitted to Nacional exams) depend on the field the student chose to study in the 10th grade: arts; science and technologies (best known as science); socioeconomic sciences (economy); humanistic and linguistic sciences (humanities) or a professional/technical course. Even inside a field, you can opt between specifics (subjects, whose exam is compulsory to a certain college course application), depending on what the student intends to study in college and on which university they plan to attend.
South Africa
In South Africa, Grade 12 is the final year of high school. It is more commonly referred to as matric, which is itself short for matriculation. (See Matriculation in South Africa).
At the end of Grade 12, students are said to be matriculated. This also refers to the minimum requirement for progressing to University. On average, Grade 12 students start the year at 17 and turn 18 within the time leading up to matriculation.
Spain
The closest equivalent to twelfth grade in Spain is the second year of Bachillerato, usually a preparation for college.
Sweden
In Sweden, the twelfth grade does not officially exist, but its equivalent is the 2nd grade of secondary school or gymnasium. This is not compulsory, as education is only compulsory until 9th grade.
Courses vary as students choose a specific program in 1st grade of secondary school or gymnasium. Examples of programs are Nature and Science, Humanities, Arts, Economics, Health and care, Industry. There are 18 national programs, where 12 of them will get the students ready for work, and 6 will prepare the students for more advanced studies.
Students graduate at 18 or 19.
Turkey
This article needs to be updated.(April 2022) |
In Turkey, 12th grade is the last year of high school and compulsory education. In June, students who are interested to go to college take a test named Temel Yeterlilik Testi (TYT)(Basic Sufficiency Test). In this exam, students have to answer 120 questions (40 Turkish, 30 Maths, 10 Geometry, 5 History, 5 Geography, 5 Philosophy, 5 Religious Knowledge, 6 Biology, 7 Physics, 7 Chemistry) in 165 minutes. Students, if they didn't receive any Religious Knowledge courses will instead have to answer another set of 5 Philosophy questions. One day after this test, most students will take the Alan Yeterlilik Testi (AYT) (Branch Sufficiency Test).This exam also has different sessions for different branches, which include Mathematics, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Turkish Literature, History, Geography, Philosophy, Religious Knowledge. The Test takes 180 minutes. It is not compulsory to take all of the subjects.[1] Foreign Languages Test is separate to the Branch Sufficiency Test. Students usually are at the age of 18 at the end of the year.
United Kingdom
England and Wales
In
Scotland
In Scotland, this is the sixth year (or S6). Sufficiently good marks in 5th year may be adequate for entry into higher education. 'Highers' are the entry qualifications to university which can be sat in S5, S6 or college, with Advanced Highers equivalent to year one of university.[21]
Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, there are 7 years of secondary education, culminating in Lower Sixth and Upper Sixth, usually for the purpose of sitting AS and A Level examinations.
United States
The twelfth grade is the twelfth school year after kindergarten. It is also the last year of compulsory secondary education, or high school. Students are often 17–18 years old, and on rarer occasions, can be 19 years old or older. Many states have a maximum age which free education can be offered, usually but not always age 21. [22] Twelfth graders are referred to as Seniors.
Many students consider the twelfth grade, also known as the senior year of high school, a year to relax and prepare for the transition out of their old lives into college/university or the workplace. Others take advantage of the opportunity to complete additional higher-level courses, such as Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate, to earn credits for college/university.
Traditions associated with senior year
In the United States and some other countries, there is a graduation event near to the end of the school year (typically in May or June) more formally referred to as commencement, where seniors formally graduate from high school and receive their diplomas.
In many schools, seniors sit for formal
There is a formal dance for this year's students, called
In some schools, Seniors receive a class ring at the beginning of their senior year. A senior prank is another common tradition in which the class may contribute towards a practical joke on the school, administration, or local community. A related tradition is the senior class raising or contributing money for equipment or other things to the school as a token of gratitude and respect for the school's support of the seniors. A similar project could involve the outside local community as well.
See also
References
- ^ "ATAR".
- ^ Garnett, Patrick (13 January 2018). "Year 12 Student Achievement Data 2017" (PDF). www.scsa.wa.edu.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2018.
- ^ Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority, Queensland Government (13 January 2018). "2016 Data summary" (PDF). www.qcaa.qld.edu.au.
- ^ View Table 3.: 56.8% of Year 12 students receive an ATAR http://www.mitchellinstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Educational-opportunity-in-Australia-2015-Who-succeeds-and-who-misses-out-19Nov15.pdf Lamb, S, Jackson, J, Walstab, A & Huo, S (2015), Educational opportunity in Australia 2015: Who succeeds and who misses out, Centre for International Research on Education Systems, Victoria University, for the Mitchell Institute, Melbourne: Mitchell Institute.
- ^ Figure 3.25, Page 37 indicates that under 50% of Year students receive an ATAR score. http://www.cese.nsw.gov.au/state-of-education/images/pdf/school_education_AA.pdf
- ^ "ACT Scaling Test". Archived from the original on 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
- ^ "Cost/Benefit Analysis Relating to the Implementation of a Common School Starting Age and Associated Nomenclature by 1 January 2010" (PDF). Atelier Learning Solutions Pty Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
- ^ "HSC registration begins June 29, no eligibility tests in colleges". The Financial Express. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ Staff Correspondent. "Students want to return to classes following health guidelines". Prothomalo. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ "Yle - Finland extends compulsory schooling age to 18".
- ^ Doe, John (2017-10-09). "Organisation of the Education System and of its Structure". Eurydice - European Commission. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ^ "الموقع الرسمي لوزارة التربية والتعليم العالي" (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
- ^ "The education system in the Netherlands". Expatica. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ "NCEA levels and certificates". Nzqa.govt.nz. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "K-12 Primer as of 20 December 2011" (PDF). Department of Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
- ^ "Filipino Community Profile – Ethnic Council of Shepparton and District". Retrieved 2019-06-09.
- ^ "NAT12 not a requirement for graduation: DepEd". Manila Bulletin News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
- ^ "DepEd postpones high school, elementary graduation rites nationwide". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
- ^ "Education leaving age". politics.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ^ "School leaving age". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ^ "SQA". Sqa.org.uk. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "State Education Practices (SEP)". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
- ^ Bryant, Dawn (June 13, 2002). "Senior Week: A blessing, a curse". Morning Star. Wilmington, NC. Knight Ridder. p. 7B. Retrieved February 18, 2013.