West Norwood Cemetery

Coordinates: 51°25′59″N 0°05′55″W / 51.4330°N 0.0986°W / 51.4330; -0.0986
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

West Norwood Cemetery
Gothic inner gates to the cemetery, designed by Sir William Tite
Map
Details
Established1837
Location
Norwood Road, West Norwood, London, SE27 9JU
CountryEngland
Coordinates51°25′59″N 0°05′55″W / 51.4330°N 0.0986°W / 51.4330; -0.0986
TypePublic
Owned byLambeth London Borough Council
Size16 hectares (40 acres)
No. of graves42,000+
No. of intermentsaround 200,000
WebsiteOfficial website
Find a GraveWest Norwood Cemetery
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameWest Norwood Cemetery & Crematorium
Designated1 October 1987
Reference no.1000851
National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
Official nameWest Norwood Cemetery & Crematorium
Designated1 October 1987
Reference no.1000851

West Norwood Cemetery is a 40-acre (16 ha) rural cemetery in West Norwood in London, England. It was also known as the South Metropolitan Cemetery. One of the first private landscaped cemeteries in London, it is one of the "

Magnificent Seven
" cemeteries of London, and is a site of major historical, architectural and ecological interest.

Its grounds are a mixture of historic

monumental cemetery and modern lawn cemetery, but it also has catacombs, cremation plots and a columbarium
for cinerary ashes. The cemetery's crematorium still operates, but all the conventional and cremated remains burial plots have been allocated and hence it is closed to new burials pending further agreement under current burial legislation.

Location

The Main gate is located on Norwood Road near the junction with Robson Road, where Norwood Road forks into Norwood High Street and Knights' Hill. It is in the

conservation area
.

Site

Believed by some to hold the finest collection of sepulchral monuments in London,

Magnificent Seven metropolitan lawn cemeteries of the Victorian era, and its extensive Gothic Revival architecture
qualifies it as one of the significant cemeteries in Europe.

A selection of headstones in the northern part of the cemetery

Lambeth Council have recognised it as a site of

body snatchers. There is a second entrance nearby, normally kept locked, in Norwood High Street which is close to West Norwood railway station
.

Sir Henry Doulton's mausoleum, a Grade II listed structure

It is a mixture of cleared, manicured, and mature landscaping, and includes

Greek Orthodox necropolis in the North East contains a high density of neoclassical architecture
.

Many of these mausolea are

Mrs Beeton
, the Victorian cookery writer.

History

Vagliano's mausoleum in the Greek necropolis within West Norwood Cemetery

The cemetery was founded by its own Act of Parliament of 1836 and consecrated for its first burials in 1837. By 2000, there had been 164,000

burials in 42,000 plots, plus 34,000 cremations and several thousand interments in its catacombs (see also Catacombs of London
).

The tomb of James Gilbart, a Grade II listed structure in the cemetery

As early as 1711,

Magnificent Seven
' cemeteries.

The new cemetery was consecrated by the Bishop of Winchester on 7 December 1837, receiving its first burial soon after. Until 1877, the consecrated grounds were overseen by the Diocese of Winchester, and then Rochester, before coming under the authority of Southwark from 1905.

Architect William Tite was a director of the cemetery company and designed the landscaping, some monuments, and was eventually interred there himself. This was the first cemetery in the UK to be designed in the new Gothic style. It offered a rural setting in open countryside, as it lay outside London at that time. Its design and location attracted the attention of wealthy – and aspirational – Victorians, who commissioned many fine mausoleums and memorials for their burial plots and vaults.

The site of the cemetery was part of the ancient Great North Wood, from which Norwood took its name. Although many trees had been cleared, a number of mature specimens were included in Tite's original landscaping. A tree survey of the cemetery in 2005 identified one oak which is thought to date from 1540 to 1640. Fourteen more oaks, a maple and an ash tree were identified that predate the foundation of the cemetery in 1836. In the first years of the cemetery's operation, these were joined by coniferous trees and evergreen holm oaks.[4]

Enclosures

Graves and memorials in the cemetery. The tomb holding Maria Zambaco is in the foreground.

In 1842, a section of the cemetery was acquired by London's Greek community for a Greek Orthodox cemetery, and this soon filled with many fine monuments and large mausoleums, memorialising the history of

Cathedral of Saint Sophia
.

Another enclosure in the south-east corner was acquired by St Mary-at-Hill in the City of London for its own parish burials.

More recent history

The Dissenters' chapel was damaged by a V-1 flying bomb during World War II and rebuilt in 1956. In 1960 the grand Episcopal chapel was levelled, to be replaced by a memorial rose garden over its catacombs.

The main office at the front of the cemetery was also damaged by another flying bomb; it was rebuilt after the war in a style more sympathetic to its Gothic surroundings.

Between 1978 and 1993, the cemetery achieved several levels of official recognition by being included in the West Norwood Conservation Area, while the entrance arch, the fine railings by

listed
as Grade II and II*.

However, space for new burials had largely been exhausted by the inter-war years, and, deprived of this regular source of income, the cemetery company was unable to properly afford its upkeep or the repair of buildings damaged by wartime bombing. Lambeth Council

Consistory Court cases fought in the Southwark Diocese in 1995 and 1997 found this to be illegal. It brought about the cessation of new burials and forced the restoration of a handful of the damaged or removed monuments. In addition it required Lambeth to publish an index of cleared and resold plots, so that the descendants of historic owners can identify and request restitution of their family's plot.[5]

As a consequence of the courts' findings, Lambeth now operates the cemetery in accordance with a scheme of management under the joint control of all interested parties, that includes Lambeth, the Diocese, the Friends of West Norwood Cemetery and conservation bodies such as Historic England.

Crematorium

Side entrance to the crematorium

While the Anglican catacombs were a popular place for interment, those below the Dissenter's chapel remained largely empty. With the rise of the cremation movement the Cemetery Company identified this as a new source of revenue, and chose to rebuild part of the Dissenters' chapel in 1915 as a crematorium with access from the main hall or/and from the west. A Tousoil Fradet & Cie gas cremator was installed in the basement of the crematorium hall, with its regenerator installed in a vacant portion of the adjacent catacombs. A short length of track led from the basement of the hall into the crematorium for the use of a metal 'introducer' bier. This furnace was augmented over the next few years by two more cremators, designed by the cemetery superintendent Lockwood and the engineering company of Youngs. This equipment is located entirely underground, and used the original Bramah hydraulic lift[6] of the catacombs to lower the coffin from the Crematorium Chapel at ground level, where a 'marshalling yard' of narrow gauge railway track allowed the bier to be moved to the correct furnace. After the war, the Dissenter's chapel was rebuilt in a more modern style as a crematorium, recordia, and columbarium over its catacombs and furnaces.[7] Its equipment has been updated several times, and its cremators are still used on a daily basis. Lambeth Council does not allow publication of images of the crematorium chapel or cremators on any internet website including Wikipedia.

Interments and memorials

Main category: Burials at West Norwood Cemetery

A

First World War
, who was cremated here, is commemorated in a garden of remembrance.

More than 200 people buried in the cemetery are recorded in the Dictionary of National Biography. The Friends of West Norwood Cemetery have recorded and compiled biographies for many more of these with:

There are also many notables of the time, such as Sir

Co-operative Society
activist, to name but a few.

The Greek diaspora is well represented, including the Ralli family, Panayis Vagliano, Rodocanachi family, Michalinos Family and Princess Eugenie Palaeologue.

Reburials and exhumations

In 1847 some 12,000 remains were taken from the burial vault beneath the Enon Chapel near The Strand, which, after a public health scandal, was bought by George Walker, a prominent surgeon, who had the bodies removed to Norwood Cemetery for reburial in a single mass grave.[9]

In 1969, 11,500 remains were taken from the closed burial ground of St George's, Hanover Square in Bayswater, to West Norwood Cemetery and cremated, for burial here.[10][11]

A Victoria Cross recipient from the

Indian Mutiny, South Africa-born Joseph Petrus Hendrik Crowe, was originally buried here in 1876 but following the discovery of his grave in neglected condition his body was exhumed and reburied in his native town of Uitenhage
in 1977.

Gallery

West Norwood Cemetery is one of the

Magnificent Seven. It is one of the two cemeteries located south of the river Thames (the other being Nunhead Cemetery
).

  • Entrance gates on Norwood Road leading to the original 1837 gates. On left is Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cross of Sacrifice memorial
    Entrance gates on Norwood Road leading to the original 1837 gates. On left is Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cross of Sacrifice memorial
  • The Doulton terracotta mausoleum, listed Grade II
    The Doulton terracotta mausoleum, listed Grade II
  • The John Wimble memorial on Ship Path, grade II
    The John Wimble memorial on Ship Path, grade II
  • The Britton dolmen, grade II*
    The Britton dolmen, grade II*
  • The grave of Sidney Robert Hebert
    The grave of Sidney Robert Hebert
  • The J.W. Gilbart memorial, grade II
    The J.W. Gilbart memorial, grade II
  • Stone of Sir Hiram Maxim
    Stone of
    Sir Hiram Maxim
  • Ledger and headstone of Sir Henry Bessemer, grade II
    Ledger and headstone of
    Sir Henry Bessemer
    , grade II
  • Headstone of Mrs Beeton
    Headstone of
    Mrs Beeton
  • Ceramic mausoleum of Sir Henry Tate, grade II*
    Ceramic mausoleum of
    Sir Henry Tate
    , grade II*
  • The iron monument of Grissell on left, grade II, the granite and limestone mausoleum of Alexander Berens by E.M. Barry on right, grade II*
    The iron monument of Grissell on left, grade II, the granite and limestone mausoleum of Alexander Berens by E.M. Barry on right, grade II*
  • Front entrance of crematorium, with access to chapel
    Front entrance of crematorium, with access to chapel
  • Wildlife in the cemetery
    Wildlife in the cemetery
  • North perimeter wall
    North perimeter wall
  • The memorial rose garden
    The memorial rose garden

Cemeteries nearby

Transport

The cemetery is easily reached by public transport:

Further reading

References

  1. ISBN 0-333-57688-8
    Cemeteries
  2. ^ English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens
  3. ^ It will be enquired, where then shall be the Burials? I answer, in Cemeteries seated in the Out-skirts of the Town... This being inclosed with a strong Brick Wall, and having a Walk round, and two cross Walks, decently planted with Yew-trees, the four-Quarters may serve four Parishes, where the Dead need not be disturbed at the Pleasure of the Sexton, or piled four or five upon one another, or Bones thrown out to gain Room.
    Wren, Letter of advice to the Commissioners for Building Fifty New City Churches, 1711
  4. ^ Friends of West Norwood Cemetery newsletter, No 54. September 2005. Landscape Historical Survey
  5. ^ Cemetery database of resold plots. Other burials which were not disturbed are not listed.
  6. ^ "Know Your Norwood- West Norwood Cemetery Catacombs". Norwood Forum: Connecting the Community. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  7. ^ "FAQs". West Norwood Cemetery: A New Beginning. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  8. ^ CWGC: West Norwood Cemetery and Crematorium
  9. ^ East London Papers. East London Papers Charitable Trust. 1969.
  10. ^ Hansard 11 February 1964
  11. ^ Is This the Skull of Laurence Sterne? The Times 5, 7 & 16 June 1969

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to West Norwood Cemetery.
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