Winold Reiss industrial murals
The Winold Reiss industrial murals are a set of 16 tile mosaic murals displaying manufacturing in
History
Reiss was paid $21,000 for the murals.
In 1931, he began taking photographs in factories, and then made the studies from them.[6] He sent the studies to the Ravenna Mosaic Company of New York and St. Louis, which created the tiles for the murals.[1] The 1/3 scale works were photographically enlarged to the full size, and the shop-drawings were traced in reverse, cut up into smaller pieces for craftsmen to add tiles - the most complicated areas to the most skillful artisans. Reiss lived in New York at the time and regularly visited to supervise the progress. They were then packed up and shipped to Cincinnati.[4]
Around 1932, Ravenna craftsmen and local laborers began to lay the works out on the terminal floor, assemble the works, and install them.[4] All sixteen were placed in the train concourse of the terminal, with the north wall displaying piano making, radio broadcasting, roofing manufacture, tanning, airplane manufacture, ink making, and laundry machine manufacture. The south wall displayed meat packing, drug and chemical processing, printing and publishing, foundry-products operations, sheet-steel making, soap making, and machine tool manufacture.[7] The two Rookwood Pottery murals were installed in corners of the concourse, above the offices of the Station Master and the Passenger Agent.[3] That year, shortly after some were installed, the terminal's board of directors wanted the murals removed. The board wanted to remove the murals and not install further murals in order to save money, though the chief engineer, Henry Waite, urged them to save them. He argued that the remaining installation would only cost $6,000, and that removing them and installing anything else would cost more. The effort saved the murals, and the board cut costs elsewhere.[2]
The concourse was demolished in 1974. Due to the impending demolition, the fourteen murals in the concourse were moved in 1973 at a cost of $400,000[8] to the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.[2] A grassroots campaign named "Save the Terminal" raised the funds to save the works, though it could not raise sufficient funds to save the map mural at the west wall of the concourse.[9] The murals were difficult to move due to their extreme size and weight: they were attached to the concourse's interior wall, they were large in size, they utilized concrete in areas not covered by tiles, and steel frames were permanently placed around each mural. These factors made each work weigh approximately 8 short tons (7.3 t). Engineers spent three months working on the best method to remove the murals from the concourse walls. The panels were removed and encased in steel frames and lowered to steel cradles. Workers applied a protective coating to prevent tiles from moving or chipping, padded them in styrofoam, and crated them in wood. They were transported upright on a flatbed truck to avoid damage, and telephone wires and signs on the route to the airport had to be temporarily removed. The first murals arrived in August 1973, five hours after departing the terminal.[10]
Two of the industrial murals were shown in the airport in the 1988 film Rain Man.[11] In 1994, Delta spent $1 million moving five of the murals from one older airport terminal to a newer one.[12]
In 2015, with the airport's Terminals 1 and 2 slated for demolition, nine of the murals were relocated. They were moved to the exterior of the Duke Energy Convention Center, where a ceremony was held at the completion of the move in 2016. The airport board paid $1.45 million to remove and transport the works, and the City of Cincinnati paid $750,000 to restore, encase, and mount them.[13] Five Reiss murals remain in the main terminal at the airport.
The two Rookwood murals were not moved from their places until between 1989 and 1991, when they were relocated to the Cincinnati Historical Society's special exhibits gallery to make way for the installation of the Omnimax theater.[3][9]
In 2015, Matthew Lynch and Curtis Goldstein made modern interpretations of the murals using formica, a material invented and made in Cincinnati.[14] They were exhibited at the Weston Art Gallery in the city in 2018, along with the original photographic, crayon, and gouache studies Weiss made for the murals.[6]
Materials and depictions
The murals portray 35 workers of industries of
Several of the workers were identified as early as 1973. A muscular model and dancer, Lorne Kincaid, was used for 18 figures between all murals in the terminal. He likely posed for all the unnamed workers.[4] The Cincinnati Enquirer further revealed the identities of the workers in 2013, after eight months of research and about 2,800 emailed suggestions from readers. The workers and their firms were left anonymous, and the murals depicted the labor and laborers, not glorifying any bosses. Several of the workers depicted died while working, including Clem Vonderheide and Bill Ennix.[2]
Several of the companies depicted were utilized in the construction of the terminal; it featured American Oak Leather seats in the train concourse, and the train platforms and roundhouse used Philip Carey Company-built roofing.[15]
Gallery
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Drug and chemical processing (William S. Merrell Chemical Company)
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Radio broadcasting (Crosley Broadcasting Corporation)
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Printing and publishing (U.S. Playing Card Co.)
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Soap making (Procter & Gamble Co.)
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Roof manufacture (Philip Carey Co.)
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Meatpacking (E. Kahn's & Sons Co.)
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Machine tools manufacture (Cincinnati Milling Machine Company Factory)
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Piano making (Baldwin Piano Company)
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Ink making (Ault & Weiborg Corp.)
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Sheet steel making (American Rolling Millsand Newport Rolling Mill)
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Tanning (American Oak Leather Co.)
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Laundry-machinery manufacture (American Laundry Machine)
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Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine Company foundry)
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Airplane and parts manufacture (Aeronca Aircraft Company)
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Pottery manufacture (Rookwood Pottery Company potter)
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Pottery manufacture (Rookwood Pottery Company kiln master)
Further reading
- Garner, Gretchen (2016). Winold Reiss and the Cincinnati Union Terminal: Fanfare for the Common Man. Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780821422038.
References
- ^ a b c "Art of Union Terminal". Cincinnati Museum Center. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f "After years of quiet labor, men in the murals are named". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ a b c "A Vision of Cincinnati: The Worker Murals of Winold Reiss" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-11-01.
- ^ a b c d Art Deco and the Cincinnati Union Terminal; an exhibition organized by the Art History Department, University of Cincinnati. Contemporary Arts Center. January 11, 1973.
- ^ "Info" (PDF). library.cincymuseum.org. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
- ^ a b Arts, Cincinnati. "Matt Lynch & Curtis Goldstein: Work/Surface | Cincinnati Arts". www.cincinnatiarts.org. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ISBN 9781603540513. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Weible, David Robert. "Cincinnati's Gorgeous Attempt to Woo Visitors, Circa 1933". CityLab. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Emmis Communications (Nov 15, 1991). "Cincinnati Magazine". Emmis Communications. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Hudson, Carol A. (July–August 2011). "The Andrews Rolling Mill Mosaic Mural" (PDF). Bulletin of the Kenton County Historical Society. Kenton County Historical Society.
- ^ "Then and Now: A look back at 'Rain Man' in Cincy". WCPO. Feb 28, 2014. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
- ISSN 0746-8210. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
- ^ a b "Cincinnati-unveils-historic-murals-in-new-downtown". www.bizjournals.com. 2016. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
- ^ "Historic Reiss murals get fresh update". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ Lacher, Walter S. (1933). "Cincinnati's New Union Terminal Now in Service". Railway Age. 94 (16): 574–590. Retrieved June 8, 2019.