Yangon Region
Yangon Region
ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး | |
---|---|
Yangon Region | |
UTC+6:30 (MST) | |
‘Area code(s)' | 01 |
ISO 3166 code | MM |
Literacy rate (2014) | 96.6%[2] |
HDI (2017) | 0.641[3] medium · 1st |
Website | yangon |
Yangon Region
History
The region was historically populated by the Mon. Politically, the area was controlled by Mon kingdoms prior to 1057, and after 1057, with few exceptions, by Burman kingdoms from the north. The control of the region reverted to Pegu-based Mon kingdoms in the 13th to 16th centuries (1287–1539) and briefly in the 18th century (1740–57). The Portuguese were in control of Thanlyin (Syriam) and the surrounding area from 1599 to 1613.[6]
For centuries, Thanlyin was the most important port city in Lower Myanmar until the mid-18th century when King Alaungpaya chose to enlarge a small village across the river near the great Shwedagon Pagoda named Dagon.[7]
The
Between
After Myanmar gained independence from the United Kingdom in January 1948, the Hanthawaddy Province was renamed Pegu (Bago) Division, with Yangon as its capital. In 1964, Rangoon Division was split from Pegu Division. The capital of Pegu Division was changed from Rangoon to Pegu. In June 1974, Hanthawaddy (Hongsavatoi) and Hmawbi townships were transferred from Pegu Division to Rangoon Division.[4]
Post-war Yangon grew tremendously. Successive Burmese governments built satellite towns near Yangon. Today, Yangon Region is essentially the Greater Yangon metropolitan area surrounded by a hollow rural hinterland.
Administrative divisions
There were only four districts in Yangon Region.[9] On 30 April 2022, these districts were expanded to 14 districts by the provisional government. Of the 45, the city of Yangon now encompasses 33 townships.[10][11][12]
Government
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1973 | 3,190,359 | — |
1983 | 3,973,626 | +24.6% |
2014 | 7,360,703 | +85.2% |
Source: 2014 Myanmar Census[1] |
The ethnic
Religion
According to the
According to the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee’s 2016 statistics, 88,442 Buddhist monks were registered in Yangon Region, comprising 16.5% of Myanmar's total Sangha membership, which includes both novice samanera and fully-ordained bhikkhu.[16] The majority of monks belong to the Thudhamma Nikaya (81.2%), followed by Shwegyin Nikaya (13.6%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small monastic orders.[16] 16,960 thilashin were registered in Yangon Region, comprising 28.1% of Myanmar's total thilashin community, the largest in Myanmar.[16]
Economy
Yangon Region is the most developed region in the country. According to the government's official statistics for FY 2010–2011, the size of the economy of Yangon Region was 8.93 trillion kyat, or 23% of the
Transport
Yangon Region has the best transportation infrastructure in the country. All transport to and from the rest of the country (and the world) goes through Yangon. Five "highways" link Yangon to the rest of the country.
As motor transportation is highly expensive for most people, buses are the main mode of transportation within the division or regions nearby. In January 2008, Yangon Region had nearly 182,000 motor vehicles, 17.7% of the country's total.[20]
Education
Although the city of Yangon has the best education facilities in the country, the educational facilities and opportunities available in the rest of Yangon Region are extremely poor. Many students in rural and poor districts do not finish middle school. According to official statistics, only about 23% of primary school students make it to high school.[21] Most students are enrolled in the public school system. Private schools, which cost at least $8,000 a year in tuition per student, are strictly the preserve of the elite.[22]
AY 2002-2003 | Primary | Middle | High |
---|---|---|---|
Schools | 2,245 | 240 | 158 |
Teachers | 15,600 | 10,100 | 3600 |
Students | 540,000 | 302,000 | 123,000 |
Nearly all of the division's universities are in Greater Yangon.
The
Health care
The general state of health care in Myanmar is poor. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world.[24][25] Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. Still, Yangon Region has the best medical facilities and personnel available in the country. The following is a summary of the public health system in the division, in the fiscal year 2002-2003.[26]
2002–2003 | # Hospitals | # Beds |
---|---|---|
Specialist hospitals | 9 | 3,800 |
General hospitals with specialist services | 8 | 3,220 |
General hospitals | 26 | 1,055 |
Health clinics | 24 | 384 |
Total | 67 | 8,459 |
References
- ^ a b Census Report. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 17.
- ^ The Union Report: Census Report Volume 2. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. 2015. p. 12.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
- ^ a b "Myanmar Divisions". Statoids. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
- ^ a b "Yangon Division". Bookrags.com. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
- ^ Maung Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Columbia University Press.
- ^ "History of Yangon". Myanmar's Net. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
- ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
- ^ "Myanmar States/Divisions and Townships" (PDF). Myanmar Information Management Unit. December 2007.
- ^ "EXPANSION OF NEW DISTRICTS: NEW DISTRICTS EXPANDED IN NAY PYI TAW, REGIONS AND STATES".
- ^ "District Maps in Yangon City Development Committee Boundary".
- ^ "နေပြည်တော်၊ တိုင်းဒေသကြီးနှင့် ပြည်နယ်များတွင် ခရိုင် ၄၆ ခရိုင် အသစ်တိုးချဲ့ဖွဲ့စည်းသည့်အတွက် စုစုပေါင်းခရိုင် ၁၂၁ ခရိုင်ရှိလာ".
- ^ The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. 2015.
- ^ Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15.
- ^ a b c The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C (PDF). Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population. July 2016. pp. 12–15.
- ^ a b c "The Account of Wazo Monks and Nuns in 1377 (2016 year)". State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee. 2016. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
- ^ Kyaw Hsu Mon and Yadana Htun (2011-11-07). "Yangon Region govt facing K22b budget black hole". The Myanmar Times.
- ^ "Industrial Zones". Ministry of Industry 2, Myanmar. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
- ^ Kyi Kyi Hla (2001-02-01). "Ngamoeyeik Bridge".
- ^ "Third Regional EST Forum: Presentation of Myanmar" (PDF). Singapore: Ministry of Transport, Myanmar. 17–19 March 2008.
- ^ "Education statistics by level and by State and Division". Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
- ^ Sandra Davie (2008-10-13). "I see no future for my two sons in Myanmar". The Straits Times.
- ^ Minh Zaw (2008-03-28). "HR key to development". The Myanmar Times.
- ^ "PPI: Almost Half of All World Health Spending is in the United States". 2007-01-17.
- ^ Yasmin Anwar (2007-06-28). "Burma junta faulted for rampant diseases". UC Berkeley News.
- ^ "Hospitals and Dispensaries by State and Division". Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
External links
- Taipei American Chamber of Commerce; Topics Magazine, Analysis, November 2012. Myanmar: Southeast Asia's Last Frontier for Investment, BY DAVID DUBYNE
"MM".