Al-Baqi Cemetery

Coordinates: 24°28′02″N 39°36′58″E / 24.4672°N 39.616°E / 24.4672; 39.616
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Al-Baqīʿ
ٱلْبَقِيْع
Muslim
Owned byMinistry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah, and Guidance

Jannat al-Baqi (

Boxthorn").[1]

Al-Baqi is reportedly founded by

Saudi government has rejected calls for reconstruction.[1]

History

When Muhammad arrived in Medina from Mecca in September 622 CE, al-Baq was a land covered with boxthorn. According to historical records, after Muhammad’s arrival, the houses of Medina developed near al-Baqi', which was therefore considered the public tomb. The bramble growth was cleared, and the place was consecrated to be the future cemetery of the Muslims who died in al-Madina.[1] Additionally, al-Baqi’ was introduced as a location with Nakhl on its east side and houses on its west side. In fact, before its demolition, al-Baqi’ was situated behind the houses in the city.[3]

During the construction of the Prophet’s Mosque on the site he purchased from two orphan children after his migration from Mecca to Medina,

As'ad ibn Zurarah, one of Muhammad's companions, died. Muhammad chose the spot to be a cemetery, and As'ad was the first individual to be buried in al-Baqi' among the Ansar
.

While Muhammad was outside Medina for the

Ruqayyah fell ill and died in 624. She was buried in al-Baqi'. Ruqayyah was the first person from the Ahl al-Bayt
(Household of Muhammad) to be buried in this cemetery.

Shortly after Muhammad arrived from Badr,

Uthman bin Maz'oon died in 3 AH (624/625 CE) and was buried in al-Baqi'.[1] He was considered the first companion of Muhammad from the Muhajirun to be buried in the cemetery. Muhammad
also referred to him as the first ‘among us to go to the hereafter,’ and he named the place where Uthman bin Maz’oon is buried as Rawhā.

When his youngest son

Uthman bin Maz'oon.[5]

Initially, the third caliph,

Muawiyah I, the first Umayyad caliph. To honor Uthman, Muawiyah incorporated the extensive Jewish cemetery into al-Baqi’s burial grounds. The Umayyad Caliphate
constructed the first dome over Uthman’s grave in al-Baqi’. Over time, numerous domes and structures were built or reconstructed over various graves in al-Baqi’.

Demolition

Main article:
Ali as-Sajjad, Muhammad al-Baqir and Ja'far as-Sadiq

First demolition

The Cemetery after the 1926 demolition. The Prophet's Mosque in far background, view towards west.
Panorama showing the cemetery, with the Qiblah being behind the photographer, view towards north.

The cemetery was demolished[1] by forces loyal to the Wahhabi-Saudi alliance in 1806 and 1925[7] (or 1926).[1][8]

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, during the Wahhabi control over Mecca and Medina in 1806, many religious buildings, including tombs and mosques,[9] were demolished. This demolition occurred both inside and outside al-Baqi,[10] in accordance with the Wahhabi interpretation of Islamic doctrine that forbids idolatry.[1] These structures were razed to the ground[8][11] due to Wahhabi claims of grave worship.[12]

Second demolition

The House of Saud regained control of the Hijaz in 1924[8] or 1925.[1] The following year, King Ibn Saud granted permission to destroy the site, with religious authorization provided by Qadi Abd Allah ibn Bulayhid. The demolition began on April 21, 1926[8] (or 1925)[7][13] by the Ikhwan ("The Brothers"), a Wahabbi religious militia.[14] The demolition included destroying "even the simplest of the gravestones.".[1] The British convert Eldon Rutter compared the demolition to an earthquake: "All over the cemetery, nothing was to be seen but little indefinite mounds of earth and stones, pieces of timber, iron bars, blocks of stone, and a broken rubble of cement and bricks, strewn about."[8]

The second demolition was discussed in the

Shia communities protested the destruction,[1][13] and rallies are held annually.[1][16] The day is regarded as Yaum-e Gham ("Day of Sorrow").[13] Prominent Sunni theologians and intellectuals have condemned the "unfit" situation of the Baqi cemetery. However, the Saudi authorities have ignored all criticism and rejected any requests for the restoration of the tombs and mausoleums.[8]


Burials

For more: Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī

Islamic religious people buried at Jannat al-Baqi'

Name Notes
Ahl al-Bayt
Aisha bint Abu Bakr Mother of the Believers; Third wife of Muhammad. Daughter of Abu Bakr, the first Rashidun Caliph (m.623).
Fatimah
 Leader of the Women of Paradise; daughter of
Ali and mother of Hasan, Husayn and Zaynab.[17]
Imam Hasan Leader of the Youth of Paradise; The Second Imam; The Fifth and Last Rashidun Caliph; grandson of Muhammad, son of
Ali
.
Zayn al-Abidin Ali Zayn al-Abidin The Fourth Imam, grandson of Fatimah and Ali, who is the only adult male that survived the Battle of Karbala because he was sick and could not fight.
Muhammad al-Baqir The Fifth Imam; son of Ali Zayn al-Abidin ibn Husayn.
Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq
 The Sixth Imam; son of Muhammad al-Baqir. Well-known scientist and teacher in the Islamic world.
Ibrahim Muhammad's son by Maria al-Qibtiyya, died in infancy.
Zaynab bint Muhammad
 The first daughter of
Ali
).
Ruqayya bint Muhammad The second daughter of
Usman ibn Affan
.
Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad The third daughter of
Usman ibn Affan
, she married Usman after her elder sister's (Ruqayya) death.
Abdullah ibn Uthman Died at a young age. He was the first grandson of
Usman and Ruqayya
(620–625).
Fatimah bint Asad
 Aunt of Muhammad and mother of Ali.
Abdullah ibn Ja'far
 Son of Ja'far at-Tayyar, who was husband of Zaynab, daughter of Ali and nephew of Ali.
Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib Uncle of Muhammad and father of
Abdullah ibn Abbas
the great Islamic Scholar.
Lubaba bint al-Harith Lubaba claimed to be the second woman to convert to Islam, the same day as her close friend Khadijah. She is the wife of the Prophet's Uncle Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
Umm ul-Banin
 Married to Caliph
Fatimah and she is mother of Abbas ibn Ali and her all sons got martyred in the Battle of Karbala
.
Safiyyah
 Aunt of Muhammad and mother of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.
Atikah
 Aunt of Muhammad.
Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
 the elder brother of
Muslim ibn Aqeel
.
Wives of Muhammad
Umm al-Mu'minin (Mother of the Believers)
Sawdah bint Zam'ah Second wife of Muhammad. Married him after the death of Khadijah (m.620).
Hafsa bint Umar Fourth wife of Muhammad. Daughter of Umar, the second Rashidun Caliph (m.625).
Zaynab bint Khuzayma Fifth wife of Muhammad. She is also known as Umm al-Masakin (t. Mother of the Poor) (m.625–626).
Umm Salama Sixth wife of Muhammad (m.626).
Zaynab bint Jahsh Seventh wife of
Zayd ibn Harithah
(m.627).
Juwayriya bint al-Harith Eighth wife of Muhammad (m.628).
Umm Habiba Ninth wife of
Muawiya I
(m.628).
Safiyya bint Huyayy Tenth wife of Muhammad. She originated from a Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, after the Battle of Khaybar Muslims won the battle and the Prophet married her (m.628).
Maria al-Qibtiyya The last wife of Muhammad. She was an Egyptian woman and gifted to Muhammad in 628 as a slave by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria. Prophet had a son with her Ibrahim (m.628).
Companions of Prophet Muhammad
Halimah al-Sa'diyah
 The
milk-mother
and nurse of Muhammad.
Uthman ibn Affan
 Early companion of Muhammad, Third
Muawiyah I extended Al-Baqi' to include Uthman.[18][19]
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud A prominent
companion of Muhammad
, Islamic tradition regards him as the greatest interpreter of the Quran and he influenced many theologians and Hadith Scholars.
Abu Hurayra Companion of Muhammad, He is the most prolific narrator of Hadith.
Asad ibn Zurarah As'ad was the first chief in Medina to become a Muslim and he was said to be the first man buried at Al-Baqi'.
Khunays ibn Hudhafa He died at the beginning of twenty-five months after Muhammad emigrated to Medina.
Uthman ibn Maz'un He is the first Muhajir (immigrant to Medina) to be buried in the cemetery of al-Baqi' in Medina.
Sa'd ibn Mu'adh He was the chief of the Aws tribe in Medina and one of the prominent companions of Muhammad. He died shortly after the Battle of the Trench.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri
 Abu Saʽid is one of the narrators of hadith most frequently quoted and he participated in war at a young age.
Rulers/Leaders buried here as their wish
Imam Shamil He was the political, military, and spiritual leader and the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1834–1859), and a Sunni Muslim Shaykh of the Naqshbandi Sufi Tariqa.
Abdulmejid II
 The last Ottoman Caliph and Head of the Osmanoğlu family (1926–1944).
Muhammad Idris He was a political, and religious leader and King of Libya (1952–1969).
Zein El Abideene Ben Ali He was a Tunisian politician who served as the 2nd president of Tunisia (1987–2011).

Unknown burial locations

Gallery

  • Grave of Halimah
    Grave of
    Halimah
  • Graves of Fatimah (single grave in front), Hasan, Imam Zain al-Abideen, Muhammad al-Baqir and Jafar as-Sadiq (2nd row left to right, 4 graves side by side), and ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (single grave at right)
    Graves of Fatimah (single grave in front),
    ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib
    (single grave at right)
  • Grave of wives of Muhammad, left to right: Maria al-Qibtiyya, Juwayriyya bint al-Harith, Hind bint Abi Umayya, Zaynab bint Jahsh, Zaynab bint Khuzayma, Sawda bint Zamʿa, Hafsa bint Umar, Safiyya bint Huyayy, Ramla bint Abi Sufyan, Aisha bint Abi Bakr
    Grave of wives of Muhammad, left to right:
    Aisha bint Abi Bakr
  • The grave of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
    The grave of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
  • Grave of Uthman, with the Masjid an-Nabawi in the background, view towards the west. The Green Dome is also visible.
    Grave of Uthman, with the Masjid an-Nabawi in the background, view towards the west. The Green Dome is also visible.
  • Graves of Abdullah ibn Ja'far and Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
    Graves of
    Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
  • Graves of Malik ibn Anas and Nafi‘ al-Madani
    Graves of
    Nafi‘ al-Madani
  • Imam Zain al-Abideen's desecrated grave at Al-Baqi' in Saudi Arabia
    Imam Zain al-Abideen's desecrated
    grave at Al-Baqi' in Saudi Arabia

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISSN 1873-9830
    .
  2. ISBN 0-87779-546-0. Archived
    from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  3. ^ Muhammad Sadiq Najmi. history of tombs of Imam in Baqi and other monuments (in Persian). Mashar. pp. 67–68.
  4. ^ "Encyclopedia of Islam by the Turkish government".
  5. ^ Sunan Abu Dawood. pp. https://sunnah.com/abudawud:3206.
  6. ^ Textual Sources for the Study of Islam, by Knappert, Jan, and Andrew Rippin
  7. ^ a b Mohammadi, Adeel (2014–2015). "The destruction of Jannat al-Baqi': A case of Wahhabi Iconoclasm" (PDF). Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies (8). Canada: 47–56. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Bahramian, Ali; Gholami, Rahim (2013). "al-Baqīʿ". In Madelung, Wilfred; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica (Third ed.). Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  9. ^ "Sahih Muslim 969a, 969b – The Book of Prayer – Funerals – كتاب الجنائز – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  10. ^ Ahmed, Irfan. "The Destruction Of The Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina". Islamica Magazine. No. 15. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  11. ^ "History of the Cemetery Of Jannat Al-Baqi". Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  12. ^ Bahramian, Ali. "Baqi". The Great Islamic Encyclopedia (in Persian). Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  13. ^
    ISBN 9781134653195
    . Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  14. ^ "The Destruction Heritage in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). The Center for Academic Shi'a Studies. August 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  15. ^ Kramer, Martin (August 1987). "BEHIND THE RIOT IN MECCA". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 5: 7.
  16. ^ Hassan, Sara (27 July 2015). "Protests at Saudi Embassy in Washington". American al-Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  17. ^ Lady Fatima Archived 11 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Islamic Insight, Accessed 1 September 2012.
  18. ^ "Al Baqi Cemetery". Al-Mustafa International University. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  19. ^ "History of the Cemetery Of Jannat Al-Baqi". Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2017.

External links

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