Civitas Schinesghe

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Civitas Schinesghe
Państwo Gnieźnieńskie (
Polish
)
966–1025
Coat of arms (c. 1000) of Civitas Schinesghe
Coat of arms
(c. 1000)
Mieszko I
• 992–1025
Bolesław I the Brave
History 
• 
Baptism of Poland
966
• Coronation of Bolesław I the Brave
1025
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Polans
Lechitic tribes
Kingdom of Poland

Civitas Schinesghe (

Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈtʃivitas skiˈnesɡe], Polish: Państwo Gnieźnieńskie), alternatively Duchy of Poland or Principality of Poland is the historiographical name given to a polity in Central Europe, which existed during the medieval period and was the predecessor state of the Kingdom of Poland
.

Etymology

Further information: Names of Poland

Civitas Schinesghe, meaning "Gniezno State", is the first recorded name related to

Oda von Haldensleben, had given the guidance of unam civitatem in integro, que vocatur Schinesghe ("a whole state, which is called Schinesghe") over to the Holy See.[1][2]

Though the proper Latin name for Poland, Polonia, which came into use some time later, is not explicitly used in the document, the name Schinesghe presumably refers to Gniezno, which was one of the main gord strongholds of the West Slavic tribe of Polans. According to philological analysis, the letters "Sc" were substituted for the letter "K," thus the original record would therefore read "Khinesghe" or "Kninesne." Another theory posits the name as an imperfect Latinization of hrady knezske or grody książęce, "ducal gords."[3]

History

Further information: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
Polish coin minted during the reign of Bolesław I the Brave with the inscription CIVITAS GNEZDVM, c. 992–1000

In 966,

bishopric was established in Poznań. The regesta titled Dagome iudex first defined Poland's geographical boundaries with its capital in Gniezno and affirmed that the state was under the protection of the Popes.[5]

Following the death of Mieszko I, his eldest son,

archdiocese in Gniezno. During the meeting of the two rulers, Otto also bestowed upon Bolesław I royal regalia and a replica of the Holy Lance, which were later used at his coronation as the first King of Poland in 1025, when Bolesław I received permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX, an event that elevated Poland from a duchy to a kingdom.[7]

Territory

Further information: Dagome iudex
Poland under the rule of Mieszko I, c. 960–992

The Dagome iudex outlines the borders of the Polish realm:[8]

  • sicuti incipit a primo latere longum mare, "as it starts from the first side of a long sea" (presumably the Pomeranian coast – on the Baltic Sea)
  • fine Bruzze 'end Bruzze' – "along the Prussian borders" (settlement area of the Old Prussians)
  • usque in locum, qui dicitur Russe – "up to a place called
    Masovia
    )
  • et fines Russe extendente usque in Craccoa – " Rus' ends and extending into Kraków"
  • et ab ipsa Craccoa usque ad flumen Odde recte – "and from there right along the Oder river"
  • in locum, qui dicitur Alemure, "in a place called The Alemure" (sometimes identified as Olomouc in Moravia or possibly Oława in Silesia)
  • et ab ipsa Alemura usque in terram Milze recte intra Oddere – "to the
    Margraviate of Meissen
    )
  • et exinde ducente iuxta flumen Oddera usque in predictam civitate Schinesghe. – "and from its borders along the Oder to aforementioned Schinesghe."

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5
    .
  2. ISBN 978-90-04-18136-6
    .
  3. ^ According to Brygida Kürbis, the initial "Sc" is mistakenly recorded from "K". The original record would therefore read "Kninesne" or "Khinesghe". Dowiat, Jerzy (1961). Metryka chrztu Mieszka I i jej geneza. Warszawa. p. 91.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ISBN 978-1-137-40281-3
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-61069-566-4
    .
  6. OCLC 174416485
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-231-12817-9
    .
  8. ^ Kürbis, B. Dagome iudex. Studium krytyczne. pp. 362–423.

References

  • Kurbis, Brygida (1962). Dagome iudex. Studium krytyczne [in:] Początki państwa polskiego – Księga Tysiąclecia vol. 2. Poznań.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Piskorski, Jan Maria (August 2004). Civitas Schinesghe. Mieszko I i początki państwa polskiego. Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk.
    ISBN 83-7063-416-8
    .
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