Darul Uloom Deoband

Coordinates: 29°41′51″N 77°40′34″E / 29.69750°N 77.67611°E / 29.69750; 77.67611
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about Darul Uloom Deoband (main). For Darul Uloom Deoband (Waqf), see Darul Uloom Waqf.

Darul Uloom Deoband
دارالعلوم دیوبند
Deoband, Uttar Pradesh
,
India
CampusUrban, 70 acres (28 ha)
Websitewww.darululoom-deoband.com
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Darul Uloom Deoband.

The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary (

Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Sayyid Muhammad Abid and others in 1866. Mahmud Deobandi was the first teacher and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
was the first student.

On 14 October 2020, the executive council of the seminary appointed Arshad Madani as the principal (sadr-mudarris) and Abul Qasim Nomani as the senior hadith professor (shaykh al-hadith).[1]

History

Darul Uloom Deoband was established on 30 May 1866 by

Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi, Mehtab Ali, Nehal Ahmad and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi.[2][3] Mahmud Deobandi was appointed as the first teacher, and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student who enrolled in the seminary.[4]

In 1982, during the Vice Chancellorship of

Darul Uloom Waqf.[5][6]

The spread of the Deobandi movement in the United Kingdom has produced some criticism concerning their views on interfaith dialogue and values including democracy, secularism, and the rule of law. [citation needed] In September 2007 Andrew Norfolk of The Times published an article titled "Hardline takeover of British mosques" about the influence of the Deobandis whom the author called a "hardline islamic sect".[7]

Masjid-e-Rasheed in the seminary.

In February 2008, an anti-terrorism conference organized by the seminary denounced all forms of terrorism.[8]

Program

The school teaches manqulat (revealed Islamic sciences) according to the

Islamic jurisprudence.[citation needed] In this seminar, Nanawtawi instituted modern methods of learning such as teaching in classrooms, a fixed and carefully selected curriculum, lectures by academics who were leaders in their fields, exam periods, merit prizes, and a publishing press.[citation needed] Students were taught in Urdu, and sometimes in Arabic for theological reasons or Persian, for cultural and literary reasons. The curriculum is based on a highly modified version of the 18th century Indo-Islamic syllabus known as Dars-e-Nizami.[citation needed] The students learn the Quran
and its exegesis;
Arabic language and literature, and Persian language.[9]

The syllabus consists of many stages. The five-year Nazirah (primary course) teaches Urdu, Persian, Hindi and English. The next level is the Hifze Quran. This involves the memorization of the Quran over two to four years. A few students will then choose Tajwid e Hafs (melodious recitation). The student is taught the detailed recitation rules of the Quran as laid down by Arabic Hafs. Still fewer will take up the next course, the Sab'ah and 'Asharah Qira'at (study of all the ten Quran recitations).

A post graduate studies equivalent is the Fazilat course taken over eight years. It commences with Arabi Awwal, in which the basics of the Arabic language is the main aim, and finishes with Daura e Hadith, in which the main books of the sayings of Muhammad are taught. A prerequisite for this course is completion of primary education. Memorization of the Quran is also recommended. Students who complete the Fazilat may use the title Alim or Maulvi. The Daurae Hadith (final year) class is taught in the basement of "an under construction seven storied building". In the 2017–2018 academic year (1438–1439 AH), 1664 students attended the Daurae Hadith class.

Almost a quarter of the students who complete the Daurae Hadith continue their studies. These advanced courses include Takmil Ifta (Jurisprudence); Takmil Adab (Arabic literature); and Takhassus fil Hadith (Hadith).[9] Students who complete the Takmil Ifta take the title Mufti.

Role in the Indian independence movement

See also:
Silk Letters Movement

The political ideals of Darul Uloom Deoband were founded up to ten years prior to its opening. In 1857 (1274 AH),

Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi and others gathered at Thana Bhawan to protest against British rule and continue their call for the independence of India.[10] They fought what is called the Battle of Shamli.[10]

In 1913 (1333 AH), Nanautawi's pupil,

Husain Ahmad Madani, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad, and later on, Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, Atiqur Rahman Usmani, Minnatullah Rahmani, Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi, and Muhammad Miyan Deobandi joined with the Indian National Congress.[citation needed
]

In 1926 and 1927 (1345 abs 1346 AH), graduates of the school called for Indian independence at Jamiat Ulama meetings in

sectarian lines. He also advocated democratic government with religious freedoms and tolerance.[12][13][14]

On 29 December 1929,

Ahmadiyas to be declared non-Muslims.[17]

Fatwas

A fatwa is “an issue arising about law and religion, explained in answer to questions received about it” by muftis (Islamic jurists).[18] Muftis at Darul Ifta (fatwa department), Darul Uloom Deoband are responsible for giving fatwas.[19]

On 31 May 2008, the seminary issued a significant public “Fatwa against terrorism” after a public rally in Delhi with around 100,000 representatives from nearly 6,000 madrasas across India, including those from different sects. The fatwa was a first of its kind in South Asia and stated that "in Islam, creating social discord or disorder, breach of peace, rioting, bloodsan, pillage or plunder and killing of innocent persons anywhere in the world are all considered most inhuman crimes.”[20][21][22] The edict was signed by Habibur Rahman Khairabadi.[23]

Controversial Fatwas

In January 2012, scholars from a Deobandi school issued a religious decision calling for the author Salman Rushdie to be barred from entering India to attend a literature festival because, in their opinion, he had offended Muslim sentiments.[24][25]

In May 2010, clerics from a Deobandi school issued a fatwa stating that men and women cannot work together in public offices unless the women are properly clothed.[26][27][28]

In September 2013, scholars from a Deobandi school issued a fatwa banning photography as un-Islamic.[29]

In February 2024,

Ghazwa-e-Hind, claiming that a supporting fatwa was available on their website, in response to a question seeking an answer to "whether Hadith talks about invasion of India or the Ghazwa-e-Hind".[30][31][32]

Administration

The seminary's co-founder Sayyid Muhammad Abid was the first vice-chancellor.[33] Abul Qasim Nomani succeeded Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi as the thirteenth VC of the seminary on 24 July 2011.[34][35]

No. Name
(birth–death) 		Term of office Reference
1 Sayyid Muhammad Abid
(1834–1912) 		1866 1867 [36]
2 Rafiuddin Deobandi
(1836–1891) 		1867 1868 [36]
3 Sayyid Muhammad Abid
(1834–1912) 		1869 1871 [36]
4 Rafiuddin Deobandi
(1836–1891) 		1872 1889 [36]
5 Sayyid Muhammad Abid
(1834–1912) 		1890 1892 [36]
6 Fazl Haq 1893 1894 [36]
7 Muneer Ahmad Nanautawi
(1831-) 		1894 1895 [36]
8 Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
(1862–1928) 		1895 1928[37] [38]
9 Habibur Rahman Usmani
(d. 1929) 		1928 1929 [36]
10 Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi
(1897–1983) 		1929 9 August 1982 [39][40][41][42]
11
Marghubur Rahman Bijnori

(1914–2010) 		1982 2010
12
Ghulam Muhammad Vastanvi

(b. 1950) 		10 January 2011 24 July 2011 [43]
13 Abul Qasim Nomani Banarsi
(b. 1947) 		2011 -- [43]

Alumni

Main articles: List of Darul Uloom Deoband alumni and List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi

Alumni include:

Publications

Darul ‘Uloom Deoband and its alumni publish:

See also

References

  1. ^ "مہتمم دارالعلوم دیوبند مفتی ابو القاسم نعمانی شیخ الحدیث اور مولانا ارشد مدنی صدر المدرسین منتخب" [Abul Qasim Nomani, VC of Deoband appointed as Hadīth professor, and Arshad Madani as the Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband]. AsreHazir. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  2. ^ Muḥammad Miyan Deobandi. Ulama-e-Haq ke mujāhidāna kārnāme (in Urdu). New Delhi: Faisal Publications. pp. 44–47.
  3. ISBN 9788184753967
    . Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  4. S2CID 145793477
    .
  5. ISBN 9789048501380
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0
    .
  7. ^ Norfolk, Andrew (7 September 2007). "Hardline takeover of British mosques". The Times. Retrieved 13 April 2019 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  8. ^ "Muslim clerics declare terror 'un-Islamic' – Times Of India". 28 November 2011. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Darul Uloom Deoband". www.darululoom-deoband.com. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  10. ^ a b Najmul Hasan Thanwi. Maidan-e-Shamli-o-Thana Bhawan awr Sarfaroshan-e-Islam (in Urdu). Thana Bhawan: Idara Talifat-e-Ashrafia. p. 8.
  11. ^ Abu Muhammad Sanaullah Saad. Ulama-e-Deoband ke Aakhri Lamhaat (in Urdu) (2015 ed.). Saharanpur: Maktaba Rasheediya. pp. 23–24.
  12. ^ "Islamic Pakistan". www.ghazali.net. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  13. ISBN 1-84331-149-6
    .
  14. ^ "Barelvi Islam". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  15. ISBN 978-0-313-27331-5
    .
  16. ISBN 978-1-84331-149-2
    .
  17. ISBN 978-8-12410-083-7
    .
  18. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5
    .
  19. ^ "About". darulifta-deoband.com. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  20. ^ Majumdar, Bappa (1 June 2008). "Darool-Uloom Deoband issues fatwa against terror". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  21. ^ Dash, Kamala Kanta. "The Fatwa against Terrorism: Indian Deobandis Renounce Violence but Policing Remains Unchanged" (PDF). Radicalisation Crossing Borders International Conference, Melbourne, Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Coming, fatwa against terrorism". Hindustan Times. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  23. ^ "Deoband first: A fatwa against terror". The Times of India. 1 June 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Darul Uloom Farangimahal fatwa Rushdie Jaipur visit. Siasat.com
  25. ^ Cleric seeks apology from Rushdie.[permanent dead link] Kashmir monitor.org 19 January 2012.
  26. ^ "Young Muslim women fume at Deoband diktat." Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine News-views.India.
  27. ^ "archive.ph". archive.ph. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  28. Express India
  29. ^ "Deoband issues fatwa banning photography as un-Islamic – Times Of India". 14 September 2013. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Child rights body seeks FIR against Deoband's Darul Uloom over Ghazwa-e-Hind fatwa". Hindustan Times. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  31. ^ "Child rights body seeks action against Darul Uloom Deoband over Ghazwa-e-Hind fatwa". India Today. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  32. ^ "Child rights body seeks action over 'anti-India' fatwa on website of Darul Uloom Deoband". The Indian Express. 23 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  33. ^ Rizwi, Syed Mehboob, History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband, vol. 2, translated by Murtaz Hussain F Quraishi, p. 167
  34. ^ Abantika Ghosh (25 July 2011). "Vastanvi axed as Darul V-C for praising Modi". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  35. ^ "Maulana Mufti Abul Qasim Nomani, New Acting Mohtamim of Darul Uloom Deoband". DEOBAND ONLINE. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h Rizwi, Syed Mehboob (November 1981). "Arbab-e-Ehtemam". History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband (PDF). Vol. 2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi (1st ed.). Idara-e-Ehtemam, Dar al-Ulum Deoband. pp. 164–178. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  37. ^ Rizwi 1981, p. 173.
  38. ISBN 978-1-61117-231-7
    . Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  39. Mufti Taqi Usmani (April 2007). "Qari Muhammad Tayyab". Nuqoosh-e-Raftgaan (in Urdu). Karachi
    : Maktabatul Maarif. pp. 193–194.
  40. ^ Tayyib, Qari Muhammad (June 1965). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad-Sāla Zindagi [Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband] (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Deoband: VC Office, Darul Uloom. pp. 96, 101.
  41. OCLC 1345466013
    .
  42. ^ Amini, Noor Alam Khalil (June 2010). Pas-e-Marg Zindah (in Urdu) (3rd ed.). Deoband: Idara Ilm-o-Adab. pp. 159, 173.
  43. ^ a b Ghosh, Abantika (24 July 2011). "Vastanvi axed as Darul V-C for praising Modi". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  44. ^ Ameeni K. (ed.) Al-Da'ee/Ad-Da'ee.
  45. ^ Qaasmi H. (ed.) Maah Namah Darul 'Uloom.
  46. ^ 'Alwi K. (ed.) Aaeenah

External links

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