Ernakulam
Ernakulam | |
---|---|
Downtown (CBD) | |
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
Telephone code | +91484xxxxxxx |
Vehicle registration | KL-07 |
Lok Sabha constituency | Ernakulam |
Website | www |
Ernakulam (Malayalam: [erɐɳɐːkuɭɐm] ) is the central business district of the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. It is the namesake of Ernakulam district. The eastern part of Kochi city is mainly known as Ernakulam, while the western part of it after the Venduruthy Bridge is called as Western Kochi.[1] Many major establishments, including the Kerala High Court, the office of the Kochi Municipal Corporation and the Cochin Shipyard are situated in Ernakulam. It is also the most urbanized area in the city of Kochi.
Etymology
The word Ernakulam has a varied derivation, with some references to mythology and others to temples. According to Komattil Achutha Menon, the word Erangiyal got its start from a particular kind of mud. In the past, Lord Shiva was referred to as Erayanar in Chennai. This was done in Kerala as well, and it became known as Ernakulam after that. There are also other opinions about the origin of the name, saying that Rishinagakulam became Ernakulam after losing it, but that the word Ernakulam came from Ernakulathappan Temple, and that it came from the word Kulam (Pond) for a long time because it was full of water bodies.[2]
History
Classical history
The region can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between
Princely State of Cochin
Although under British suzerainty (specifically the
Geography
The
Climate
Under the
The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is 3,000 mm (120 in). The
Climate data
Below is the climate data for Kochi Naval Base, which is situated nearby to Ernakulam.
Climate data for Kochi (Kochi Naval Base) 1981–2010, extremes 1951–2012 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.4 (97.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.5 (97.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.9 (89.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 24.3 (0.96) |
27.1 (1.07) |
45.0 (1.77) |
113.1 (4.45) |
284.5 (11.20) |
700.3 (27.57) |
575.5 (22.66) |
378.8 (14.91) |
310.3 (12.22) |
366.6 (14.43) |
150.4 (5.92) |
39.0 (1.54) |
3,014.8 (118.69) |
Average rainy days | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 11.0 | 23.0 | 22.8 | 19.0 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 124.1 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
61 | 65 | 68 | 70 | 73 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 79 | 77 | 72 | 64 | 73 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[10][11] |
Economy
As of November 2012, Ernakulam was on target to become the first district in the nation of India to have 100% banking, ensuring that all families, except for voluntary exclusions, hold bank accounts. [12]
Ernakulam, aka the CBD (Central Business District) of Kochi, has seen high urbanisation in the past few decades, thus turning it into an economic hub of the city. The first traces of this transformation were seen after the MG Road connecting Ravipuram and Kacherippady was opened in 1972. The development took a new shape after the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) built the Marine Drive to the West of MG Road, in the late 70s. Marine Drive and MG Road thus became the backbone of Kochi's economic activities, and acted as the base for the city to expand in all directions thereafter. Although the current bypass of Ernakulam is quickly becoming the new,[13]
Transport
Road
Ernakulam is a city that is connected to the North-South Corridor National Highway System via the four-laned National Highway 66 as well as National Highway 544.The MC Road starting from Thiruvananthapuram ends in Angamaly. The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such as Thrissur, Palakkad, Salem and Coimbatore. NH 66 was supposed to be acting as the bypass for Kochi city, but the fast-paced urban expansion of Kochi has meant that the bypass quickly became a city road passing through the middle of it, thereby forcing the NHAI to propose a new bypass for the city.[14]
The state-owned
Railway
The
The Ernakulam Junction Railway Station is a junction and departing station of passengers and express trains, and is the stopping point for trains going towards the south side Alappuzha. Both the North and South railway stations have been selected by the Ministry of Railways to be upgraded to airport-like ones. The redevelopment of the Ernakulam Junction railway station has recently gotten underway.[17]
Air
The Cochin International Airport is situated about 27 kilometers away from Ernakulam. The old civilian airport of Kochi was situated much closer to Ernakulam, at Willingdon Island. It is now formally known as INS Garuda, and is a part of the Southern Naval Commanheadquarters headquarters.[18]
Metro
Ernakulam region is connected with the other parts of Kochi city with the Kochi Metro, which was opened in July 2017. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of ₹51.81 billion (US$620 million),[19] and has a length of over 28 kilometres stretching from Aluva in the north to Tripunithura railway station in the southeast, passing through Ernakulam. Currently 25.6 km of phase 1 from Aluva to
Water
Ernakulam has a number of jetties where passengers can embark and disembark from ferries. Ferry services connect with Willingdon Island, Mattancherry, Fort Kochi and Mulavukadu, at intervals of 20 minutes.[21][22] Kochi Water Metro is an integrated water metro system serving the Greater Kochi region.[23]
SWTD (Govt. of Kerala Department) offers cheap ferry service on the following routes:
Ferry services in the vicinity of Ernakulam | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source | Destination | Route via | Comments |
Ernakulam | Fort Kochi | ||
Fort Kochi | Embarkation (Willingdon Island) | ||
Fort Kochi (Kamalakadavu Jetty) | Embarkation (Willingdon Island) | SuperFast with AC & non-AC seating | |
Mattancherry | Fort Kochi, Terminals (Willingdon Island) | Services temporarily suspended between Terminals and Mattancherry | |
Mattancherry | Embarkation (Willingdon Island), Fort Kochi, Terminals (Willingdon Island) | Services temporarily suspended between Terminals and Mattancherry | |
Vypeen | Embarkation (Willingdon Island) | ||
Vypeen | Embarkation (Willingdon Island), Fort Kochi | ||
Varapuzha | |||
High Court | Mulavukadu Panchayat | ||
Vytilla | Kakkanad (near Rajagiri Campus) | ||
Chittoor | Kadamakkudy |
Media
Major Malayalam
Popular English newspapers include Deccan Chronicle, The Times of India, The Hindu, and The New Indian Express. A number of evening papers are also published from the city.[24]
Newspapers in other regional languages like
are also sold in large numbers.Being the seat of the Cochin Stock Exchange, a number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include The Economic Times, Business Line, The Business Standard and The Financial Express.
Prominent magazines and religious publications like the Sathyadeepam and The Week are also published.
Broadcasting
Television
Television stations in Ernakulam include
Radio
Education
- Universities – Cochin University of Science and Technology, National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit
- CollegesGovernment Model Engineering College,De paul institute of Science and Technology, Government Law College, Ernakulam, Union Christian College, Aluva, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science, Puthencruz , Federal Institute of Science, Angamaly,SCMS School of Engineering and Technology National University of Advanced Legal Studies
Politics
Ernakulam assembly constituency is part of
See also
References
- ^ "Manorama Online | Kochi Beaches". Week.manoramaonline.com. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ "History | Ernakulam District Website | India". Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "History of Ernakulam, Background Details of Ernakulam". www.ernakulamonline.in. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-367-75642-0.
- ^ a b c Pradeep, K. (24 October 2013). "A system in place". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Madras II: The Southern and West Coast Districts, Native States, and French Possessions. 1908. p. 454.
- ^ "GeoHack - Ernakulam".
- ^ "Geography of Ernakulam, Topography and Climate of Ernakulam". www.ernakulamonline.in. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Station: Cochin (N.A.S) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 201–202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Banking : Ernakulam to be declared first district with 100% banking". 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ "MG Road losing its prime position: MG Road losing its prime position as central business district | Kochi News - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "DPR for Kundannoor-Angamaly bypass project suffers delay". The Hindu. 9 February 2021.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Kochi Metro stations to get people-friendly makeover". The Indian Express. 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Ernakulam Junction railway station development a step closer to reality | Kochi News - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "INS Garuda celebrates 70th anniversary | Indian Navy". indiannavy.nic.in. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Metro rail: DMRC demands prompthanding over of land, funds". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ Paul, John L. (12 May 2021). "Pettah-S.N. Junction metro stretch to be commissioned in March 2022". The Hindu.
- ^ Boat Service from Ernakulam – Boat Schedules – State Water Transport Department, Government of Kerala, India. Swtd.kerala.gov.in (25 July 2016). Retrieved on 2016-11-27.
- ^ "Passenger ferry services find many takers in Ernakulam – Times of India". The Times of India. 29 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Keeping Kochi updated". The Hindu. 15 September 2003. Archived from the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Colleges of Ernakulam. Ernakulam.nic.in. Retrieved on 27 November 2016.
- ^ "Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). Kerala. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
Population in Ernakulam - 244lakh