Fakir
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
---|
Islam portal |
Fakir, faqeer, or faqīr (
They are characterized by their reverence for dhikr (a devotional practice which consists of repeating the names of God with various formulas, often performed after the daily prayers).[4] Sufism in the Muslim world emerged during the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE)[5] and grew as a mystic[6] tradition in the mainstream Sunni and Shia denominations of Islam,[6] state Eric Hanson and Karen Armstrong, likely in reaction to "the growing worldliness of Umayyad and Abassid societies".[7] Sufi Muslim ascetics (fakirs and dervishes) were highly influential and greatly successful in spreading Islam between the 10th and 19th centuries,[6] particularly to the furthest outposts of the Muslim world in the Middle East and North Africa, the Balkans and Caucasus, the Indian subcontinent, and finally Central, Eastern, and Southeast Asia.[6] Sufi Muslims have spread throughout several continents and cultures over a millennium, originally expressing their beliefs in Arabic, before spreading into Persian, Turkish, Indian languages, and a dozen other languages.[8]
The term fakir has taken on a more recent and
History
Part of a series on Sunni Islam |
---|
Islam portal |
In English, faqir or fakir originally meant a mendicant
Attributes
The attributes of a fakir have been defined by many Muslim scholars.
The early Muslim scholar,
Another dignified Muslim saint,
Gurdjieff
In the
See also
- Ghous-e-Azam
- Madariyya
- Qalandariyya
- Sai Baba of Shirdi
- Shramana
- Wu wei
References
- ISSN 1875-9823.
Faqr (literally, 'poverty') is a term denoting different modalities and stages of material, psychological and spiritual want and neediness which a wayfarer on the Sufi path may adopt as a means to progress in earning God's love and compassion and of acquiring purity and mystical knowledge. The term faqr is derived from the Arabic root f-q-r, literally meaning 'to hollow out', 'to perforate', 'to make/become poor', 'to be in need' or 'to be/become needy'. Hence faqr carries a general sense of being in a state of penury or destitution.
- ^ "Faqīr". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "Faqir - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection (2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki
- ISBN 978-0-415-24073-4. See Google book search.
- ^ ISBN 9780199340378. Archivedfrom the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-521-85245-6.
- ^ Michael Sells, Early Islamic Mysticism, p. 1
- ISBN 978-0-19-934627-1.
- ISBN 978-0-19-908141-7.
- ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
- ^ Colby, Frank Moore; Williams, Talcott (1918). The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead. p. 343. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Fakir: In general a religious mendicant; more specifically a Hindu marvel worker or priestly juggler, usually peripatetic and indigent.
- ^ A brief history of Islam by Tamara Sonn, 2004, p60
- ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
- ISBN 978-90-04-14743-0.
- )
- ^ "Online Dictionary / Reference". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Dictionary of Cambridge". Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, 2002
- ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad Riyāz Qādrī, 2000, p24
- ^ Fusus al-hikam (The Bezels of Wisdom), ed. A. Affifi, Cairo, 1946;trans. R.W.J. Austin, The Bezels of Wisdom, New York: Paulist Press,1980
- The Meccan Illuminations), Cairo, 1911; partial trans. Michel Chodkiewiczet al., Les Illuminations de la Mecque: The Meccan Illuminations, Textes choisis/Selected Texts, Paris: Sindbad,1988.
- ^ The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-'Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.1981
- ^ Sufis of Andalusia, London, George Allen & Unwin.1971
- ^ "Reference from Sultan Bahoo's book". Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Noor ul Khuda book of Sultan Bahoo". Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ The Fourth Way: Teachings of G.I. Gurdjieff, P.D. Ouspensky, Random House USA, 2000.