Flag of the Republic of China
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|
Proportion | 2:3 |
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Adopted | 1895Revive China Society, original version) 1906 (addition of the red field) 23 October 1911 (naval flag) 5 May 1921 (by Guangzhou government) 9 December 1928 (in mainland China) 25 October 1945 (in Taiwan) | (by
Relinquished | 1 October 1949 (in mainland China) 1 May 1950 (in Hainan) |
Design | A red field with a navy blue canton bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays |
Designed by | Lu Haodong (The canton of the flag) Sun Yat-sen (The full layout) |
" Naval jack | |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | 1895 |
Design | A white Sun with twelve rays on a navy blue background. |
Designed by | Lu Haodong |
Use | War flag |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Design | A red field with a navy blue rectangular center with a white sun with twelve rays on top of the blue. |
Use | Presidential standard |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Design | A red field with a yellow border and navy blue circle on the top, a white sun with twelve rays is on top of the blue. |
Flag of the Republic of China | |
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Hanyu Pinyin | Qīng Tiān, Bái Rì, Mǎn Dì Hóng |
Bopomofo | ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄅㄞˊ ㄖˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄥˊ |
Wade–Giles | Ch’ing1 T’ien1, Bai2 Jih4, Man3 Ti4 Hung2 |
Tongyong Pinyin | Cing Tian, Bái Rìh, Mǎn Dì Hóng |
IPA | [tɕʰíŋ.tʰjɛ́n pǎɪ.ɻɻ̩̂ màn.tî.xʊ̌ŋ] |
The flag of the Republic of China, commonly called the flag of Taiwan,[1][2][3] consists of a red field with a blue canton bearing a white disk surrounded by twelve triangles; said symbols symbolize the sun and rays of light emanating from it, respectively.
The flag was originally designed by the anti-
The public display of this flag is still seen in historical
History
The
During the
When the government of the Republic of China was established on 1 January 1912, the "Five-coloured Flag" was selected by the provisional Senate as the national flag. The "18-Star Flag" was adopted by the army[9] and the modern flag was adopted as a naval ensign.[10] Sun Yat-sen, however, did not consider the five-coloured flag appropriate, reasoning that horizontal order implied a hierarchy or class like that which existed during dynastic times.
After President
During
The national flag was specified in Article Six of the
On 23 October 1954, the latest amendment to the National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act was promulgated by the Legislative Yuan to specify the size, measure, ratio, production, and management of the flag.[13]
Symbolism
The "
The blue-and-white canton of the ROC flag is often used as the party flag of the KMT. The flag has developed a great deal of additional symbolism due to the unique and controversial political status of Taiwan. At one level, the flag represents a clear symbol that Taiwan is not governed by the same government as mainland China, as this flag is different from the flag of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Meanwhile, because it was formerly used as the flag over all of China, the flag has become a symbol of continuity with the ideals of the Chinese nationalism and Chinese unification movements, and has become a symbol of a connection both historical and current with mainland China. In addition, the flag is derived from the seal of the KMT, and the colour of the field of the flag is associated with the KMT party colours.
Some Chinese see the flag as an expression of Chinese nationalism and pride combined with simultaneous disapproval for the current communist regime. Additionally, the flag may symbolize identification with, and admiration for the political thoughts of Sun Yat-sen, and his Three Principles of the People.
One irony is that given the association of the flag with Chinese nationalism in opposition to Taiwan independence, the ROC flag has found an unexpected ally in the People's Republic of China. The PRC has criticized Taiwan independence groups for wishing to change or abolish the ROC flag, and has implied that legal steps to do so would bring a strongly negative reaction from the PRC.
However, the presence of the ROC flag in Taiwan also distinguishes the fact that Taiwan and ROC territorial islands elsewhere fall under jurisdiction of a country separate from that of mainland China, the People's Republic of China (PRC). The hoisting of the ROC flag is even advocated by the most extreme Taiwanese independence supporters, such as Taiwan Solidarity Union members when emphasizing the separate and independently governed systems and territories of the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China in mainland China.
Construction details
The specific designs of the flag are located in the National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act from 1928. The ratio of the flag is 2:3, with most of it being red. One-fourth of the flag is blue, which contains the 12 pointed sun. Each sun ray is 30 degrees, so the total sun rays will make up a complete 360 degree circle. Inside the sun, the blue ring is the diameter of the white sun divided by 15.[11][14]
In later years, more details regarding of the canton area (also used as the flag of the KMT), were codified into law. In the drawing released in Act on the Party and National Flag Manufacturing and Usage Methods (黨旗國旗之製造及使用辦法), the sun was drawn in more specific detail and mathematical values were given to all elements in the flag. In the law, the canton still had a ratio of 2:3, but the math values given were 24 × 36 meters. The diameter of the sun with rays is 6⁄8 of height of the canton, so in this case, it will be 18. The diameter of the white sun without the sun rays is 1⁄4 of the width of the canton, so it is 9. The blue ring that is on top of this sun and part of the rays is 1⁄15 diameter of the white sun, so the size will be 0.6. The angle of the rays, 30 degrees, and the total number of rays have not changed.[15]
The colours of the national flag are dark red, white and dark blue. However, the KMT party flag only uses white and dark blue; both flags are to be topped with a golden
Colours
The colours approximation in other colour spaces are listed below:
Colour scheme |
Blue | Red | White |
---|---|---|---|
RGB | 0, 41, 204 | 242, 0, 0 | 255, 255, 255 |
Hexadecimal | #0029CC | #F20000 | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 100, 80, 0, 20 | 0, 100, 100, 5 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
CMYK (MOI's suggestion) |
100, 80, 0, 20 | 0, 100, 100, 5~10 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
Pantone | 2728 C | 2347 C | White |
Uses
In the early years of the Republic, under the
The flag has a ubiquitous presence in Taiwan. The hoisting and lowering of the flag are ceremoniously accompanied by the National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China while those present stand at attention to give a standard salute with the right hand, held flat, to the right eyebrow. Schoolchildren have traditionally been required to attend morning rallies where the flag is raised after a rendition of the National Anthem of the Republic of China. Before martial law was lifted in 1987 in Taiwan, it was required that all vehicles be halted when passing by a flag ceremony.
Instead, the ROC is usually represented under a pseudonym (usually "Chinese Taipei
The symbolism of the ROC flag began to shift in the early 21st century[
The use of the flag in Taiwan reflects the controversy behind its symbolism. Although supporters of Taiwan independence, such as former president Chen Shui-bian, will display and salute the flag on formal official state occasions, it is never seen at political rallies of the Democratic Progressive Party. This is not only because of its association with mainland China but also because the flag contains design elements of the KMT party flag. By contrast, the ROC flag is always extremely prominent at political rallies of the pan-Blue coalition. This difference extends to the colours seen at the rallies. Rallies of the pan-Blue coalition give prominence to the colours of the ROC flag, with very large amounts of blue and smaller amounts of red. Rallies of independence-leaning parties are filled with green, with no blue or red at all.
Some supporters of Taiwan independence, including former president Lee Teng-hui, have called for the abandonment of the flag, and there are a number of alternative designs for a specifically Taiwanese flag. However, the prospects for this are not high given that changing the flag requires a constitutional amendment; that the current flag has a huge amount of support among pan-Blue supporters and grudging acceptance among moderate independence supporters; and because changing the flag might cause political tension with the PRC. During the 2004 ROC legislative elections, it was briefly suggested that if the pan-green coalition won the elections that it would force the KMT to change the party emblem to be different from the flag. This proposal generated a few days of controversy and was then quickly forgotten.
Chinese diaspora
There has been disagreement in the
Some Hong Kongers have historically flown the ROC flag to demonstrate their shared opposition to the PRC's policies, as well as to honor the legacy of Sun Yat-sen, as part of the pro-ROC and pro-democracy camps.[20][21] In recent years, however, due to the PRC's tightening of state control over Hong Kong, supporters of the ROC have faced severe restrictions in expressing their political support, especially in publicly flying the ROC flag or celebrating the National Day of the Republic of China on October 10th every year.[22]
Desecration
Under Articles 118 and 160 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China, it is a criminal offence to insult either the national flag or the national emblem of any country. If it is a national flag or emblem of a foreign country being insulted, the name of the offence would be 'obstructing state diplomacy'; if it is the ones of the Republic of China, the offence would be 'disturbing the order'. Besides, insulting or damaging the portrait of Sun Yat-sen is also punishable as 'disturbing the order'. The penalty can be either incarceration for one year or less, or a fine of $9,000 NTD or less.[23][24][25]
Flag gallery
Subdivisions
Military flags
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Combined Logistics Command
Historical flags
National flags
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18 star flag; banner of the Wuchang Uprising subsequently used as the flag of the army of the Republic of China
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19 star flag; a flag of the army of the Republic of China, c. 1913–1928
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First national flag of theRepublic of China (1912–1928)
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Current flag of the Republic of China (1928–present, in Taiwan after 1945). Also used as a naval ensign of the ROC since 1912.
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TheReorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a Japanese puppet state during World War II, was based on the Flag of the Republic of China.
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The "Blue Sky with a White Sun flag" was designed by Lu Haodong in 1895 and is still used as the naval jack of the Republic as well as the flag of the Kuomintang (KMT).
Gallery
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Chieh Shou Hall in thePresidential Office Buildingcontains the flag and portrait of Sun Yat-sen which presidents face to take the oath of office.
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2004 presidential election.
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Flags of the ROC, PRC, andChinese Six Companies, continue to fly the ROC flag due to their close relations with the KMT.
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ROC flag in theTaipei Economic and Cultural Officein Seattle.
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Flags of the United States and the ROC, 2016.
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Flags of the ROC and its diplomatic allies.
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Four ROC flags in the Minsheng post office.
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Series of the ROC flags at the Red House (Hong Kong).
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View of the ROC flags in the Judicial Yuan.
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Tsai Ing-wen with the ROC flags in the background.
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ROC flag seen alongside2019–20 Hong Kong protests, used as a symbol of political opposition to the PRC government.[26]
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Tokyo Tower in Japan lit up with the ROC flag colors in 2021.
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Flag in mainland China, at the Presidential Palace (Nanjing)
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Flag in Hong Kong, Liberation Day in 1945
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Flag in a propaganda poster Long Live the Republic
See also
- Blue Sky with a White Sun (the national emblem of the Republic of China)
- National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
- Chinese Taipei Olympic flag
- Flag of the Qing dynasty
- Flag of the People's Republic of China
- Flag of Wang Jingwei regime
- History of the Republic of China
- List of Chinese flags (including PRC and ROC flags)
- List of Taiwanese flags (including ROC flags)
- Military of the Republic of China
- Politics of the Republic of China
- Proposed flags of Taiwan
References
- ^ "Flag of Taiwan". nationsonline.org. Nations Online. Archived from the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
- ^ Leslie Liao (2022-09-14). "Taiwan flag bearer blocked from stage appearance due to Chinese pressure". Radio Taiwan International. Archived from the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
- Cable News Network (CNN). Archivedfrom the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
- ^ a b "National flag". english.president.gov.tw. Archived from the original on 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
- ^ Official gazette of Ministry of the Navy of Republic of China, July 1912, page 344, pdf Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, National Central Library - Gazette Online
- ^ "Hong Kong protester arrested with 30 Taiwanese flags | Taiwan News | 2020-07-01 20:39:00". July 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
- ^ The Straits Times (printed edition), July 17, 2010, page A17, 'This is common ancestry' by Rachel Chang
- ^ Dr Sun & 1911 Revolution: Teo Eng Hock (1871 - 1957) Archived 26 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Yu-liang, Tai (1954-10-23). 中國歷代陸軍旗幟 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ^ a b 中華民國國徽國旗法 (in Chinese). 1928-12-17. Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
- ^ Cheung, Andrew (1995). "Slogans, Symbols, and Legitimacy: The Case of Wang Jingwei's Nanjing Regime". Working paper. East Asian Working Paper Series on Language and Politics in Modern China. Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Yu-liang, Tai (1954-10-23). 中華民國國徽國旗法 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ^ 中華民國國徽國旗法 (in Chinese). 1954-10-23. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Yu-liang, Tai (2006-05-19). 黨旗國旗之製造及使用辦法 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Yu-liang, Tai (2006-05-19). 國旗黨旗製用升降辦法 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ "國旗大哉問" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
- ^ a b du Payrat, Armand (2000). Album des pavillons nationaux et des marques distinctive. France: Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine. pp. TA2.1.
- ^ "The battle over which flag to fly in America's Chinatowns". BBC News. 2020-01-20. Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ^ KMT supporters' anniversary event highlights fight to save old monastery
- ^ Hong Kong’s ‘pro-Taiwan’ camp: From Kuomintang exiles to conservers of Sun Yat-sen’s heritage
- ^ Hong Kong marks China’s National Day with displays of patriotism, pyrotechnics
- ^ "Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China". Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
- ^ "Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China". Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
- ^ "Two arrested for burning ROC flag - Taipei Times". 2016-06-07. Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
- ^ Chan, Michael (2019-11-21). "Taiwan as a Symbol of Resistance and Democratic Aspiration for Protesters in Hong Kong". Taiwan Insight. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-08-31.