Flag of Indonesia
bicolour of red and white |
The
The flag of Indonesia is graphically similar to the flag of Monaco, with a slight difference in the shade of red, and ratio of its dimensions. The flag of Poland has similar dimensions but has the colours reversed: white on top and red on the bottom. In both Monaco's and Poland's flags, the reds are of a slightly darker shade than that of Indonesia. The flag of Singapore has the exact same dimensions as Indonesia's, but supplemented with a white crescent moon and five stars in a pentagram at the upper left corner of the flag, of which the red is of a slightly lighter shade.
The "Naval Jack of Indonesia" is reserved for sole use by the
History
The flag's colours are derived from the banner of the 13th century
Red and white textile colouring was available in ancient Indonesia. White is the natural colour of woven cotton fabrics, while red is one of the earliest natural dyes, acquired either from teak leaves,[5] the flowers of Averrhoa bilimbi, or the skin of mangosteen fruits.[6]
It was not only the Javanese kingdoms that used red and white. The battle flag of King
In the early 20th century, these colours were revived by students and then nationalists as an expression of nationalism against the
Hotel Yamato incident
The flag featured in a well-known incident during the Indonesian War of Independence when during the lead-up to the Battle of Surabaya in late 1945, Indonesian youths removed a colonial Dutch flag flying over the Yamato Hotel, tore off the blue strip and re-hoisted it as an Indonesian flag. The hotel was subsequently renamed briefly as Hotel Merdeka, meaning "independence hotel".[14]
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Flag of the Dutch East India Company used 20 March 1602 – 1 January 1800
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Flag of the Dutch East Indies used 1 January 1800 – 27 December 1949
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Flag of Imperial Japan used 8 March 1942 – 17 August 1945 (3 years 5 months)
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Flag of Indonesia used 17 August 1945 – present[15]
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Practice flag used for national flag replacement during rehearsals
Name
According to Article 35 of the 1945 Constitution, the official name of the flag is Sang Saka Merah-Putih. The flag is commonly called Bendera Merah-Putih ('Red-and-White Flag'). Occasionally, it is also called Sang Dwiwarna ('The Bicolour'). Sang Saka Merah-Putih refers to the historical flag called Bendera Pusaka ('Heirloom Flag') and its replica. The Bendera Pusaka is the flag that was flown in front of Sukarno's house after he proclaimed Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1945. The original Bendera Pusaka was sewn by Fatmawati and was hoisted every year in front of the Merdeka Palace during the independence day ceremony. It was hoisted for the last time on 17 August 1968. Since then it has been preserved and replaced by a replica since the original flag was deemed to be too fragile.[1]
Symbolism
Several opinions have been expressed on the meaning of the red and white in the Indonesian flag. One of them is that the red stands for courage, while the white stands for purity. Another opinion is that red represents the human body or physical life, while white represents the
As Sukarno said:
Red is the symbol of courage, White is the symbol of purity. Our flag has been there for 600 years.[16]
The colours are the same as those used in the flag of the Majapahit.[17]
Colours
Digital scheme[18] |
RGB red | White | Physical scheme |
Pigment red | White |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RGB | 255-0-0 | 255-255-255 | RGB | 237-28-36 | 255-255-255 |
Hex | #FF0000 | #FFFFFF | Hex | #ED1C24 | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | Inconvertible | 0, 0, 0, 0 | CMYK | 0, 100, 100, 0 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
Usage
Regulation and flag protocol
The flag is described in Article 35, Chapter XV, of the Constitution of Indonesia; Law No. 24/2009; and Government Regulation No. 40/1958.[19][20]
The national flag of Indonesia is the Red and White (Sang Merah Putih)
— Article 35, Chapter XV, Constitution of Indonesia[21]
The raising of the flag should be conducted in the time between sunrise until sunset, but in certain circumstances, it can be done at night. In daily use, the flag should be flown at every commemoration such as Indonesian Independence Day on 17 August every year, by the citizens who have a right to use it at house, building or office, schools, colleges, public and private transport and the representative office of Indonesia in overseas.[22]
It can be used as the cover of the coffin of a
The flag must be displayed everyday in places such as the
The flag should be displayed everywhere on special days, which are:[19]
- 2 May: National Education Day.
- 20 May: National Awakening Day.
- 1 June: Day of the Birth of Pancasila.
- 17 August: Indonesia Independence Day.
- 28 October: Youth Pledge Day.
- 10 November: Heroes Day.
Half-mast
The flag should be displayed at half-mast as a sign of mourning on these days:[19]
- 30 September, in remembrance of the 30 September Movement. After the Fall of Suharto and the end of the New Order in 1998, this tradition was stopped. However, the tradition of half-masting the flag on this day has been restarted in recent years.[23]
- 12 October, in remembrance of the victims of the 2002 Bali Bombings
- 26 December, in remembrance of victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
- Three days after the death of Head of Government.
- Other mourning days established by national or local governments.[24]
Prohibited acts
Article 24 of Law No. 24/2009 on Flags, Language, National Symbols, and Anthems, states that people are prohibited from:[19]
- destroying, tearing, trampling, burning, or performing other actions with the intention to tarnish, insult, or degrade the honour of the national flag;
- using the national flag for billboards or commercials;
- flying the national flag if it is damaged, torn, smudged, crumpled, or faded;
- printing on, embroidering or adding letters, numbers, images or other signs, or adding badges or any objects to the national flag;
- using the national flag to cover a ceiling or roof, or for wrapping or covering goods in a way that can degrade the honor of the national flag.
Article 66 and 67 of Law No. 24/2009 states that anyone who commits any of these prohibited acts may be punishable with imprisonment for up to five years or be subject to a fine of up to five hundred million rupiah.[19]
See also
- List of flags of Indonesia
- Flags of the United States of Indonesia
- Armorial of Indonesia
- Umbul-umbul
- Flag of Indonesia size guidelines Archived 15 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine
References
- ^ a b "National Flag, Coat of Arms, Anthem". Embassy of Indonesia, Oslo, Norway. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Moelyono, Setiyo, ed. (29 January 2020). "Tradisi TNI Angkatan Laut: Pewarisan Nilai-Nilai Luhur dalam Membangun Semangat Juang dan Karakter Prajurit Matra Laut" (PDF). Dinas Perawatan Personel Angkatan Laut (in Indonesian). Indonesian Navy. pp. 76–79. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Flag of Indonesia". Britannica. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Blog nicht gefunden". Archive.is. 1 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ "Natural Dye Extraction From Teak Leves (Tectona Grandis) Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method for Dyeing on Cotton Fabric". ResearchGate. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- .
- ^ "Kompas.Com". 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ "Sejarah Bendera Merah Putih". Suryantara.wordpress.com. 30 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ "PANYINGKUL! Jurnalisme Orang Biasa". 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ ian macdonald. "Flags in Bali". Fahnenversand.de. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctvbqs5hn.8.
- ^ a b "Indonesia". Flags of the World. 6 September 2006. Archived from the original on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
- ^ "What are the rules for national flags?". BBC Magazine. 11 May 2005. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
- ^ "Hotel Majapahit: Brief History" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ Cahoon, Ben. "Indonesia". Worldstatesmen.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ Ramadhian Fadillah (17 August 2016). "Kenapa bendera Indonesia Merah-Putih? Ini jawaban Soekarno" [Why is Indonesia's Flad Red and White? Soekarno's Answers] (in Indonesian). Merdeka.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ Smith, Whitney (9 February 2001). "Flag of Indonesia". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "Konstitusi, Lambang Negara, Bendera, Lagu Kebangsaan dan Bahasa". Indonesia.go.id. Government of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ People's Representative Council. 2009.
- ^ Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 1958 tentang Bendera Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia (Government Regulation 40) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia. 1958.
- ^ Wikisource. – via
- ^ a b c "Mencermati UU No 24 Tahun 2009 tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara serta Lagu Kebangsaan". Angagaraq.org. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ "Flag Ceremony Commemorating The Day of The Power of Pancasila Year 2017 UB". ub.ac.id. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "Governor Instructs Half-Flag Raising". Government of West Java Province. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
External links
Media related to National flag of Indonesia at Wikimedia Commons