Folk music of Punjab
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Punjabi folk music (
General features of musical style
Rhythm
The rhythm of Punjabi folk music is very simple.[5] unlike the rhythms of Bhangra music which are generally complex
Melody
Some songs like Heer and Mirza are sung using the traditional compositions.
Folk songs
Punjab has folk songs on birth, marriage, funeral, death, love, separation, beauty, social and economical status, village lifestyle, food, nature, bravery, folklores and folktales, folk romances, folk and historical heroes, festivals and many more.[2] The songs of professional castes of Punjab are also included in the folk songs. They can be divided into the following categories:
Occasion for singing
Controversy
Punjabi folk music is associated with a traditional lifestyle and culture. Many of the themes associated with the songs of today, which are mostly relevant in Bhangra songs, involve the promotion of the ills of Punjabi society such as the caste system and substance abuse as well as superstitious beliefs. Many revolutions in Punjab such as the Sikh revolution were in direct opposition of Punjabi folk songs.[citation needed]
Life-cycle rituals
A large part of Punjabi folk songs presents the picture of incidents from birth to death[4] relations, relatives also including the songs on other occasions, festivals and fairs. The songs by women represents their soft feelings, nature, hobbies and lower social status in limited circle while the songs by men represents their freedom, strength and hardworking. The folk songs starts from the birth of a child then name ceremony, marriage, relations, relatives and much more. There are many songs on the different stages of a marriage like Suhag, Ghorhian, Sehra, Sithnian. Suhag is related to bride while Ghorhian and Sehra are related to groom. A daughter's feelings have a special place in the Punjabi folk songs in which she address to his father asking to find her a better home, good people (in-laws) and many more. By length and mood, the different kinds of songs includes Suhag,[6] Ghorhian, Bolian,[7] Tappe,[8] Sithnian,[9] Chhand,[10] Heara, Lorian etc.[2][4]
Fairs and festivals
Every festive occasion has music associated with it.[3] Lohri and Maghi are associated with the change of season while Vaisakhi is a harvest festival. Men dance Bhangra and women dance Giddha. The month of Sawan is one of great joy for females in which they celebrate the festival of Teeyan.[3] The married ones come back to their parents' home and meet their family and friends and in an open ground they dance Giddha. They wear colorful dresses like Phulkari, and adorn their hands with Mehndi and glass bangles.
Types of textual themes
Romantic
Heer and Mirza are sung using traditional compositions.Heroic
In heroic or bravery, the folk song includes about the Punjabi heroes like Dulla Bhatti,[11][12] Raja Rasalu, Jagga Jatt, S. Bhagat Singh, S. Udham Singh, Sucha Soorma[13] and Jeona Morh.[4]
Religious
Songs about worship, religious ceremonies and festivals represents the religious feelings.
The other religions like Islam have Qawwalis, Naats and Hamds and Hinduism have Bhajans and Punjabi have Punjabi songs.
Instruments
Punjabi singers may sing unaccompanied or along with such traditional instruments as
Iktara, Bugchu, Chhaine, Kainchi, Sapp, Kato.See also
- Punjabi language
- Music of Punjab
- Bhangra (music)
- Folk instruments of Punjab
- Folk dances of Punjab
- Punjabi people
- Punjabi folklore
- Punjabi folk religion
References
- ^ ISBN 1-890206-15-6.
- ^ ISBN 81-7380-223-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The Music of Punjab". SadaPunjab.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਲੋਕ-ਗੀਤ". sabhyachar.com (in Punjabi). Archived from the original on May 28, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Sharma, Manorma (2009). Musical heritage of India. p. 228.
- The Tribune. Ludhiana. October 1, 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- The Tribune. Chandigarh. May 21, 1999. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- The Tribune. Amritsar. February 19, 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ISBN 0-7069-0709-4.
- ^ Shivnath (1976). History of Dogri literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 194.
- The Tribune. January 8, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- The Tribune. Amritsar. January 13, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- The Tribune. January 20, 1999. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
Further reading
- Bedi, Sohindar Singh. 1971. Folklore of the Punjab. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
- Lybarger, Lowell H. 2011. "Hereditary Musician Groups of Pakistani Punjab." Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).
- Nahar Singh. 2011. "Suhāg and Ghoṛīāṅ: Culture's Elucidation in a Female Voice." Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).
- Nayyar, Adam. 2000. "Punjab." In The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Vol. 5, South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent, ed. by Allison Arnold. New York; London: Garland.
- Nijhawan, Michael. 2006. Dhadi Darbar. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Pande, Alka. 1999. Folk Music & Musical Instruments of Punjab. Middletown, NJ: Grantha Corporation.
- Schreffler, Gibb. 2004. "Vernacular Music and Dance of Punjab." Journal of Punjab Studies 11(2).
- Schreffler, Gibb. 2011. "Music and Musicians in Punjab." Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).
- Schreffler, Gibb. 2011. "Western Punjabi Song Forms: Māhīā and Ḍholā." Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).
- Thuhi, Hardial. 2011. "The Folk Dhadi Genre." Trans. by Gibb Schreffler. Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).
- Thuhi, Hardial. 2011. "The Tumba-Algoza Ballad Tradition." Trans. by Gibb Schreffler. Journal of Punjab Studies 18(1/2).