States and union territories of India

States and union territories of India
Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Lakshadweep Puducherry
Category	Federated states
Location	Republic of India
Number	28 States 8 Union territories
Populations	States: Sikkim – 610,577 (lowest) Uttar Pradesh – 199,812,341 (highest) Union Territories: Lakshadweep – 64,473 (lowest) Delhi – 16,787,941 (highest)
Areas	States: Goa – 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi) (smallest) Rajasthan – 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) (largest) Union territories: Lakshadweep – 32 km2 (12 sq mi) (smallest) Ladakh – 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi) (largest)
Government	State Governments Union Government (union territories)
Subdivisions	Divisions Districts

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v t e

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories,^[1] for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

States and union territories of India ordered by
Area Population GDP (per capita) Abbreviations Access to safe drinking water Availability of toilets Capitals Child nutrition Crime rate Ease of doing business Electricity penetration Exports Fertility rate Forest cover Highest point HDI Home ownership Household size Human trafficking Infant mortality rate Institutional delivery Life expectancy at birth Literacy rate Media exposure Number of vehicles Number of voters Open defecation Origin of name Past population Places of worship Poverty rate Power capacity Safety of women School enrollment rate Sex ratio Suicide rate Tax revenues TV ownership Transport network Underweight people Unemployment rate Vaccination coverage Wildlife population
v t e

The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government. The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government. On the other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. Though some of the union territories have their own territorial government, they do not have police forces.

History

1876–1919

The

. The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies.

A

.

• There were three governor's provinces in 1912, styled "Presidencies" as a historical memento that they had been once governed by presidents. These were:
  • Bombay
  • Madras (officially Presidency of Fort St. George)
  • Bengal (from 1912)
• There were six lieutenant-governor's provinces in 1905. These were:
  • Burma
  • Punjab
  • Central Provinces
  • Bengal (till 1912)
  • Eastern Bengal and Assam (1905–1912)
  • Agra and Oudh
    • North-Western Provinces and Oudh
      (1878–1902)
    • United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (1902–1935)

In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government.

• There were the three chief commissioner's provinces. These did not have a legislature or a high court. These were:
  • Ajmer-Merwara
  • Coorg
  • Oudh (till 1878)
  • Delhi (from 1911, capital of India)

A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within the provinces. However a good amount of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies (or residencies). An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency.

• At the time of establishment of the empire, there were only two agencies:
  • Rajputana
  • Central India
• In addition, these kingdoms were neither part of a province or an agency and had direct relations with the Emperor:
  • Kashmir and Jammu
  • Nizamate of Hyderabad
  • Kingdom of Mysore

1919–1935

In 1919, the fourth

. All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma was given a special status and made an autonomous province.

• There were ten governor's provinces now. These were:
  • Bombay
  • Madras
  • Bengal
  • Burma
  • Punjab
  • Central Provinces and Berar
  • United Provinces
  • North-West Frontier Province
  • Assam
  • Bihar and Orissa
• There were four chief commissioner's provinces. There status mostly remained unchanged. These were:
  • Ajmer-Merwara
  • Coorg
  • Balochistan
  • Delhi

The

in 1920. One the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors.

• There were now 8 imperial agencies and residencies. These were:
  • Punjab States (formerly part of Punjab Province)
  • Madras States (formerly part of Madras Presidency)
  • Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency
    (formerly part of Bombay Presidency)
  • Western India and Gujarat States Agency and Baroda Residency
    (formerly part of Bombay Presidency)
  • Eastern States (formerly part of Bengal Presidency, Bihar and Orissa Province and Central Provinces)
  • Gwalior Residency (formerly part of Central India Agency)
  • Rajputana
  • Central India

This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all the provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule.

• Some states were with direct relations with the Emperor. These were:
  • Kashmir and Jammu
  • Nizamate of Hyderabad
  • Kingdom of Mysore

1935–1947

The latter years of the

.

• The new set of 12 governor's provinces were:
  • Bombay
  • Sind
  • Madras
  • Bengal
  • Burma
  • Punjab
  • Central Provinces and Berar
  • United Provinces
  • North-West Frontier Province
  • Assam
  • Bihar
  • Orissa
• There were 3 chief commissioner's provinces:
  • Ajmer-Merwara
  • Coorg
  • Balochistan
  • Delhi
• There were 8 imperial agencies and residencies:
  • Punjab States
  • Madras States
  • Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency
  • Western India and Gujarat States Agency and Baroda Residency
  • Eastern States
  • Gwalior Residency
  • Rajputana
  • Central India
• Three kingdoms were in direct relations with the Emperor.

In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the

) and 562 former Indian states.

1947–1950

Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new

]

• Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were:
  • Assam (formerly Assam Province),
  • Bihar (formerly Bihar Province),
  • Bombay (formerly Bombay Province),
  • East Punjab (formerly Punjab Province),
  • Madhya Pradesh (formerly the Central Provinces and Berar),
  • Madras (formerly Madras Province),
  • Orissa (formerly Orissa Province),
  • Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and
  • West Bengal (formerly Bengal Province).
• The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The Part B states were:
  • Hyderabad (formerly Hyderabad Princely State
    ),
  • Jammu and Kashmir (formerly Jammu and Kashmir Princely State),
  • Madhya Bharat (formerly Central India Agency),
  • Mysore (formerly Mysore Princely State),
  • Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU),
  • Rajasthan (formerly Rajputana Agency),
  • Saurashtra (formerly Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency), and
  • Travancore–Cochin (formerly Travancore Princely State and Cochin Princely State).
• The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were:
  • Ajmer (formerly Ajmer-Merwara Province),
  • Bhopal (formerly Bhopal Princely State
    ),
  • Bilaspur (formerly Bilaspur Princely State
    ),
  • Coorg State (formerly Coorg Province),
  • Delhi,
  • Himachal Pradesh,
  • Kutch (formerly Cutch Princely State),
  • Manipur (formerly Manipur Princely State),
  • Tripura (formerly Tripura Princely State), and
  • Vindhya Pradesh (formerly Central India Agency).
• The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the union government.

States reorganisation (1951–1956)

The

Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli, declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.^[5][6][7][8]

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.^[9]

As a result of this act:

• Madras State retained its name, with Kanyakumari district added to form Travancore–Cochin.
• Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956.
• Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore–Cochin
  .
• Hyderabad State and the Coorg State
  .
• The Laccadive Islands, Aminidivi Islands and Minicoy Island, which had been divided between the South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State, were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep.
• Hyderabad State
  .
• Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer State and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar were transferred to West Bengal.

Post-1956

Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.^[10] The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963.^[11] The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.^[12] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana.^[13][14]

Madras State was renamed

In November 2000, three new states were created, namely:

• Chhattisgarh, from eastern Madhya Pradesh,
• Uttaranchal, from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007), and
• Jharkhand, from southern districts of Bihar with the enforcement of Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000, Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 and Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 respectively.^{[18][19][20][21]}

Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh.^[22][23]

In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, effective from 31 October 2019.^[24] Later that year in November, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, effective from 26 January 2020.^[25][26][27]

Current proposals

States and Union territories

States

State	ISO	Vehicle code	Zone	Capital	Largest city	Statehood	Population (2011)[28][29]	Area (km2)	Official languages[30]	Additional official languages[30]
Andhra Pradesh	IN-AP	AP	Southern	Amaravati	Visakhapatnam	1 November 1956	49,506,799	162,975	Telugu	Urdu[31]
Arunachal Pradesh	IN-AR	AR	North-Eastern	Itanagar		20 February 1987	1,383,727	83,743	English	—
Assam	IN-AS	AS	North-Eastern	Dispur	Guwahati	26 January 1950	31,205,576	78,438	Assamese, Boro	Bengali
Bihar	IN-BR	BR	Eastern	Patna		26 January 1950	104,099,452	94,163	Hindi	Urdu
Chhattisgarh	IN-CG	CG	Central	Raipur[a]		1 November 2000	25,545,198	135,194	Hindi	Chhattisgarhi
Goa	IN-GA	GA	Western	Panaji	Vasco da Gama	30 May 1987	1,458,545	3,702	Konkani	Marathi
Gujarat	IN-GJ	GJ	Western	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad	1 May 1960	60,439,692	196,024	Gujarati, Hindi	—
Haryana	IN-HR	HR	Northern	Chandigarh	Faridabad	1 November 1966	25,351,462	44,212	Hindi	Punjabi[32]
Himachal Pradesh	IN-HP	HP	Northern	Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)[33]	Shimla	25 January 1971	6,864,602	55,673	Hindi	Sanskrit[34]
Jharkhand	IN-JH	JH	Eastern	Ranchi	Jamshedpur	15 November 2000	32,988,134	79,714	Hindi	Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[35][36]
Karnataka	IN-KA	KA	Southern	Bangalore		1 November 1956	61,095,297	191,791	Kannada	—
Kerala	IN-KL	KL	Southern	Thiruvananthapuram		1 November 1956	33,406,061	38,863	Malayalam	English[37]
Madhya Pradesh	IN-MP	MP	Central	Bhopal	Indore	1 November 1956	72,626,809	308,252	Hindi	—
Maharashtra	IN-MH	MH	Western	Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)[38][39]	Mumbai	1 May 1960	112,374,333	307,713	Marathi	—
Manipur	IN-MN	MN	North-Eastern	Imphal		21 January 1972	2,855,794	22,327	Meitei	English
Meghalaya	IN-ML	ML	North-Eastern	Shillong		21 January 1972	2,966,889	22,429	English	—
Mizoram	IN-MZ	MZ	North-Eastern	Aizawl		20 February 1987	1,097,206	21,081	Mizo, English	—
Nagaland	IN-NL	NL	North-Eastern	Kohima	Dimapur	1 December 1963	1,978,502	16,579	English	—
Odisha	IN-OD	OD	Eastern	Bhubaneswar		26 January 1950	41,974,218	155,707	Odia	—
Punjab	IN-PB	PB	Northern	Chandigarh	Ludhiana	1 November 1966	27,743,338	50,362	Punjabi	—
Rajasthan	IN-RJ	RJ	Northern	Jaipur		26 January 1950	68,548,437	342,239	Hindi	English
Sikkim	IN-SK	SK	North-Eastern	Gangtok		16 May 1975	610,577	7,096	Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English[40]	Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu	IN-TN	TN	Southern	Chennai		1 November 1956	72,147,030	130,058	Tamil	English
Telangana	IN-TS	TS	Southern	Hyderabad[b]		2 June 2014	35,193,978[46]	112,077[46]	Telugu	Urdu[47]
Tripura	IN-TR	TR	North-Eastern	Agartala		21 January 1972	3,673,917	10,491	Bengali, English, Kokborok	—
Uttar Pradesh	IN-UP	UP	Central	Lucknow		26 January 1950	199,812,341	240,928	Hindi	Urdu
Uttarakhand	IN-UK	UK	Central	Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (Winter)[48]	Dehradun	9 November 2000	10,086,292	53,483	Hindi	Sanskrit[49]
West Bengal	IN-WB	WB	Eastern	Kolkata		26 January 1950	91,276,115	88,752	Bengali, English	Nepali,[c] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh

Union territories

This section is an excerpt from Union territory § Current union territories.[edit]

State[50]	ISO[51]	Vehicle code[52]	Zone[53]	Capital[50]	Largest city[54]	Established[55]	2011)[56]	Area (km2)[57]	Official languages[58]	Additional official languages[58]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	IN-AN	AN	Southern	Port Blair		1 November 1956	380,581	8,249	Hindi, English	—
Chandigarh	IN-CH	CH	Northern	Chandigarh		1 November 1966	1,055,450	114	English	—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	IN-DH	DD	Western	Daman	Silvassa	26 January 2020	587,106	603	Hindi, English	Gujarati
Delhi	IN-DL	DL	Northern	New Delhi	Delhi	1 November 1956	16,787,941	1,484	Hindi, English	Urdu, Punjabi[59]
Jammu and Kashmir	IN-JK	JK	Northern	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)[60]	Srinagar	31 October 2019	12,258,433	42,241	Urdu	—
Ladakh	IN-LA	LA	Northern	Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter)[61]	Leh	31 October 2019	290,492	59,146	Hindi, English	—
Lakshadweep	IN-LD	LD	Southern	Kavaratti	Andrott	1 November 1956	64,473	32	Hindi, English	Malayalam
Puducherry	IN-PY	PY	Southern	Pondicherry		16 August 1962	1,247,953	479	Tamil, French, English	Malayalam

Former states and union territories

Former states

Map	State	Capital	Years	Present-day state(s)
	Ajmer State	Ajmer	1950–1956	Rajasthan
	Andhra State	Kurnool	1953–1956	Andhra Pradesh
	Bhopal State	Bhopal	1949–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Bilaspur State	Bilaspur	1950–1954	Himachal Pradesh
	Bombay State	Bombay	1950–1960	Maharashtra, Gujarat, and partially Karnataka
	Coorg State	Madikeri	1950–1956	Karnataka
	East Punjab	Shimla (1947–1953) Chandigarh (1953–1966)	1947–1966	Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh UT
	Hyderabad State	Hyderabad	1948–1956	Telangana, and partially Maharashtra and Karnataka
	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	1952–2019	Jammu and Kashmir UT and Ladakh UT
	Kutch State	Bhuj	1947–1956	Gujarat
	Madhya Bharat	Indore (Summer) Gwalior (Winter)	1948–1956	Madhya Pradesh
	Madras State	Madras	1950–1969	Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and partially Karnataka and Kerala
	Mysore State	Bangalore	1947–1973	Karnataka
	Patiala and East Punjab States Union	Patiala	1948–1956	Punjab and Haryana
	Saurashtra	Rajkot	1948–1956	Gujarat
	Travancore–Cochin	Trivandrum	1949–1956	Kerala and partially Tamil Nadu
	Vindhya Pradesh	Rewa	1948–1956	Madhya Pradesh

Former union territories

This section is an excerpt from Union territory § Former union territories.[edit]

Former union territories of India^[55][62]

Name	Zone	Capital	Area	Begin	End	Successor(s)	Map
Arunachal Pradesh	North-Eastern	Itanagar	83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)	21 January 1972	20 February 1987	As an Indian state
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Western	Silvassa	491 km2 (190 sq mi)	11 August 1961	26 January 2020	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Daman and Diu	Western	Daman	112 km2 (43 sq mi)	30 May 1987	26 January 2020	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Goa, Daman and Diu	Western	Panaji	3,814 km2 (1,473 sq mi)	19 December 1961	30 May 1987	Goa (state), Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Himachal	Northern	Shimla	55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)	1 November 1956	25 January 1971	As an Indian state
Manipur	North-Eastern	Imphal	22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)	1 November 1956	21 January 1972	As an Indian state
Mizoram	North-Eastern	Aizawl	21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi)	21 January 1972	20 February 1987	As an Indian state
Nagaland	North-Eastern	Kohima	16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi)	29 November 1957	1 December 1963	As an Indian state
Tripura	North-Eastern	Agartala	10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi)	1 November 1956	21 January 1972	As an Indian state

Responsibilities and authorities

Main articles: Federalism in India, Union List, State List, and Concurrent List

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State.^[63]

See also

• Administrative divisions of India
• Autonomous administrative divisions of India
• List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
• List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies
• List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)
• List of states and union territories of India by area
• List of states and union territories of India by population
• List of states in India by past population
• List of states of India by wildlife population
• Proposed states and union territories of India

References

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5. ^ "Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day". Jagran Josh. 2 August 2013. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
6. ^ Dasgupta, Reshmi R. (10 August 2019). "Dadra and Nagar Haveli: When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
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10. ^ J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal (1995). Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future. New DElhi: Concept Publishing. pp. 89–90.
11. ^ "Nagaland History & Geography-Source". india.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
12. ^ "Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
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14. ^ "State map of India". Travel India guide. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
15. ^ "Snapshot of North Eastern States" (PDF). thaibicindia.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
16. ^ "About Sikkim". Official website of the Government of Sikkim. Archived from the original on 25 May 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
17. ^ "Goa Chronology". goaonline.in. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
18. ^ "Official Website of Government of Jharkhand". Jharkhand.gov.in. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
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External links

• Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories