Gopala-Krishna
Gopala Krishna (
Historically one of the earliest forms of worship in
Literature
The
Legend
In this form, Krishna is represented as a divine cowherd, engaged in the playing of his flute, enrapturing the minds of the milkmaids of Vraja, called the gopis.[6] He is described to be a frolicking youth, and a prankster who amuses himself in his mischief. As a disobedient child, he steals butter from the houses of the gopis, untethers cows, and lies to his foster-mother, Yashoda. Despite all of these antics, the women of Gokulam find him to be too endearing to punish him. Among the most popular portrayals of Gopala Krishna and the gopis is the rāsalīlā, in which Krishna multiplies in form and dances with each gopi who encircles him in the forest. This is variously interpreted to be both a dalliance,[7] as well as a performance of spiritual love between Krishna and his devotees.[8] Later traditions depict Krishna with primarily one gopi-consort called Radha, and later texts such as the Brahma Vaivarta Purana portray Radha to be the chief of the gopis, and Krishna's primary partner during this stage of his life.[9]
In the Bhagavata Purana, Krishna is presented with his close friends who are also cowherds, called the gopas, who joke and have mock fights with the deity.[10] With these cowherd-boys of Vraja, the deity engages in his boyhood adventures.[11] While he tends to the cows and allows them to graze for pastures, he is attacked by a number of asuras, assigned with the task of slaying him by his tyrannical uncle, Kamsa. Krishna employs both brute strength and his cunning to defeat Bakasura, Vyomasura, Aghasura, and several other asuras.[12][13]
Most of the tales of Gopala Krishna are traditionally offered allegorical interpretations. One legend depicts Krishna stealing the clothes of the bathing gopis, placed on the riverbank. He climbs a nearby tree, taking the clothes with him. He refuses to return the clothes to the women until they personally walk to the foot of the tree, in the nude. This is most often interpreted to mean that humans are incapable of hiding anything from God, and that that the contents of their souls are as good as naked. Another legend features Krishna asking the people of Gokulam to not offer veneration to the Vedic deity of Indra. Furious that his customary veneration had been denied to him, the deity unleashed a torrential downpour upon the land. Krishna is described to have lifted the massive mountain called Govardhana to protect the people.[14][15]
See also
Related names
Related traditions
- Bala Krishna
- Vasudeva Krishna
- Radha Krishna
References
- ISBN 978-1-85109-980-1.
- ISBN 978-0-19-045140-0.
- Krishna-Vasudeva worship already flourished in and around Mathura several centuries before Christ. A second important element is the cult of Krishna Govinda. Still later is the worship of Bala-Krishna, the Divine Child Krishna - a quite prominent feature of modern Krishnaism. The last element seems to have been Krishna Gopijanavallabha, Krishna the lover of the Gopis, among whom Radhaoccupies a special position. In some books Krishna is presented as the founder and first teacher of the Bhagavata religion.
- ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6.
- ISBN 978-0-19-959334-7.
- ISBN 978-0-19-803400-1.
- ISBN 978-0-8135-4068-9.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (1970-01-01). "Rasalila, Rāsalīlā, Rasa-lila: 1 definition". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- ISBN 978-0-7914-6595-0.
- ISBN 978-0-231-54234-0.
- ISBN 978-1-317-66909-8.
- ISBN 978-81-223-1056-6.
- ISBN 978-1-59477-558-1.
- ISBN 978-1-4381-1038-7.
- ISBN 978-0-486-43156-7.
External links
- Hein, Norvin. "A Revolution in Kṛṣṇaism: The Cult of Gopāla: History of Religions, Vol. 25, No. 4 (May, 1986 ), pp. 296-317". 25: 296–317. )