Halchidhoma

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Halchidhoma
Xalychidom Piipaa
Salt River reservation
Population1000
LanguageMaricopa language

The Halchidhoma

Salt River
and maintained an independent identity.

The Halchidhoma currently speak the Maricopa language.

History

The Halchidhoma entered

Jesuit missionary-explorer Eusebio Francisco Kino
returned to the river in 1700, the Halchidhoma had moved to a portion of the river 100 miles farther north.

A system of military alliances and traditional hostilities seems to have prevailed among the relatively warlike tribes of the lower Colorado and Gila rivers. This may account for the Halchidhoma's move during the seventeenth century. The Halchidhoma were part of an alliance that also included the Maricopa and

Lehi on the Salt River and maintained a separate identity, while others stayed and became assimilated to the Maricopa. The territory on the Colorado River vacated by the Halchidhoma was subsequently occupied by the Chemehuevi
.

Population

Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See

Alfred L. Kroeber
(1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Halchidhoma at 1,000.

Language

Historical records indicate that there once was a separate Halchidhoma language within the Yuman family, in the River Yuman subdivision. Due to war and conflict with European settlers, the Halchidhoma settled in with the

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the south banks of the Salt River. They continue to speak what they refer to as the Halchidhoma language.[4]

Modern relationship with Maricopa

Halchidhoma people in the

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community nearly universally identify themselves in English as Maricopa
, although both groups testify that they are separate, maintaining separate languages and identities (Kelly 1972:264).

See also

References

  • Kelly, Marsha C. 1972. The Society That Did Not Die. In Ethnohistory, Vol. 19, No. 3. (Summer, 1972), pp. 261–265. Duke University Press.
  • Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
  • Spier, Leslie. 1933. Yuman Tribes of the Gila River. University of Chicago Press.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2
    .
  2. ^ Or Alchedoma, Achedoma.[1]
  3. ^ Kelly, Marsha C. 1972. The Society That Did Not Die. In Ethnohistory, Vol. 19, No. 3. (Summer, 1972), pp. 261–265. Duke University Press.
  4. ^ Halchidhoma – MultiTree
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