History of Real Madrid CF

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Madrid FC team in 1902, the year of its foundation

Real Madrid Club de Fútbol is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. The club was formed in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, and played its first competitive match on 13 May 1902, when it lost 3–1 in the semi-final of the Campeonato de Copa de S.M. Alfonso XIII against FC Barcelona.[1] Real Madrid played against other local clubs in various regional tournaments, that served as qualifiers for the Copa del Rey, from 1902 to 1940. In 1929, the club became one of the founding members of La Liga, Spain's first national league. As of 2024, Real is one of only three clubs never to have been relegated from the top level of Spanish football, the others being Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona.[2][3]

From 1902 to 1929, Real won the Copa del Rey five times and the regional championship 15 times. Real Madrid had a successful start in La Liga, finishing second in the competition's first season, and winning the league in 1932 for the first time. In the 1947–48 season, Madrid finished eleventh, which remains, as of 2022, the club's lowest final position.[4] Real Madrid won La Liga four times and the European Cup five times during the 1950s. However, the most successful period for the club in terms of domestic titles was the 1960s, when Real Madrid won eight league championships. It won its first double of league championship and national cup in 1962. Real is also the only Spanish football team to win five consecutive titles, a feat which it has achieved on two occasions (1960–65 and 1985–90).[5]

In addition to their domestic success, Real Madrid's reputation as a major club was established by their outstanding record in the

final while being composed entirely of Spanish-born players, a first in the competition. They were also runners-up in 1962, 1964 and 1981. Winning the competition five consecutive times saw Real permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear a multiple-winner badge since 2000. They have also won the UEFA Cup twice and were twice runners-up in the European Cup Winners' Cup
.

In 1996, president

2018 and 2022
respectively.

Early years

Madrid FC team in 1906. The club won its second Copa del Rey that year.

Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza.[6] They founded (Sociedad) Sky Football in December 1897, commonly known as La Sociedad (The Society) as it was the only club based in Madrid, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. In 1900, conflict between members caused some of them to leave and create a new club, called Nueva Sociedad de Foot-ball (New Society of Football), to distinguish themselves from Sky Football. Nueva Sociedad was founded in October 1900 in a tavern on Calle de la Cruz. The dissenters were led by Julián Palacios, recognized as the first Real Madrid president.[7]

The other dissenters included brothers and future presidents of Real Madrid, Juan Padrós and Carlos Padrós, as well as Adolfo Meléndez, Antonio Neyra, Manolo Mendía, Varela, and the Giralt brothers (Armando, José and Mario). In October 1901, Nueva Sociedad de Foot-ball was renamed as Madrid Football Club.[7][8][9] The first field the club used to play matches was a camp in Moncloa, located on the current Vallehermoso street. They utilised the El Solar de Estrada in 1901, which was owned by Claudio Estrada, a member of the club and the father-in-law of president Julián Palacios. The club later played matches at the Tiro del Pichón between 1901 and 1902.[10]

On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.[6] The Padrós brothers summoned other football enthusiasts to a meeting in the back room of Al Capricho, the family's fashion business. They viewed football as a mass sport that should be accessible to representatives of all social classes, and thought the new club should embody that idea. The brothers proposed the name, Madrid Football Club, which was unanimously accepted. The membership fee was also set, two pesetas a month, and the color of the shirt was chosen to be white in honour of a famous English team Corinthian, which Juan Padrós had met on one of his trips.[11][12] The club had 28 founding socios (members).[13]

The club played its first ever match on 9 March 1902. It featured two teams of Madrid FC players and was played between the streets of Alcalá and Goya, next to the old Plaza de Toros. The two teams wore blue and red respectively, with the blue team winning the match 1–0.[14] Madrid paid an annual rent of 150 pesetas for the pitch, and the players changed into their playing kits in a tavern called La Taurina.[6] The regulations governing the club, comprising 22 articles, were drafted on 18 April and approved by provincial governor José Sanchez Guerra on 22 April 1902.[6] Madrid FC played its first match against another club on 2 May 1902 at the Hipódromo in a friendly against New Foot-Ball Club that ended in a 1–1 draw.[15]

Carlos Padrós, wanting to demonstrate that the club could organize matches against other teams, helped organize the 1902 Copa de la Coronación in honour of the coronation of Alfonso XIII. He convinced the mayor of Madrid, Alberto Aguilera, to donate a silver cup as the prize for the winning team. Padrós contacted the captains of FC Barcelona, Club Español de Foot-Ball, Bizcaya (a combination of Athletic Club and Bilbao Football Club) and New Foot-Ball Club and invited them to enter the competition. The event was the first national football tournament played in Spain and was held at the Hipódromo. Madrid FC contested its first competitive match in the semi-finals of the Copa de la Coronación on 13 May.[11][6] Arthur Johnson scored the club's first competitive goal in a 1–3 loss to FC Barcelona. This was also the first El Clásico.[16] Madrid secured its first competitive victory defeating Club Español de Football (now RCD Espanyol) 3–2 on 16 May 1902.[17] On 23 May 1902, Alfonso Albéniz became the first player to leave FC Barcelona in order to join Madrid.[6]

Madrid was invited to participate in festivities at El Escorial in August 1902, part of which included a match against Moncloa. The match was played next to the facade of the monastery on 11 August and ended with a 6–5 score favourable to Madrid. The club was awarded two ceramic plates which represent the first trophy in its history.[6] Carlos Padrós initiated the establishment of the Madrid Association of Foot-ball Clubs, a football association responsible for the administration of the sport in Madrid, in December 1902. He also became the association's first president. The Association organized the 1903 Campeonato de Madrid, the inaugural edition of the regional championship of Madrid.[note 1] Padrós resigned as president of the association in December 1903, and it dissolved in March 1904.[18][19] Madrid played their first match outside of the Community of Madrid against Club Español de Fútbol at the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona on 24 February 1903.[15] The club participated in the inaugural edition of the Copa del Rey held at the Hipódromo in 1903. Madrid defeated RCD Espanyol 4–1 in the competition's first match on 6 April 1903.[20] The club finished runners-up after losing 3–2 in the final to Athletic Bilbao. The match was also the first El Viejo Clásico.[15]

The club faced a major crisis during the 1903–04 season. A dispute between the members in October 1903 resulted in several players leaving the club to form Club Español de Madrid. They included Antonio Neyra, Enrique Aruabarrena, Pérez, Manuel Vallarino, Ramón Cárdenas, and brothers Mario, Armando and José Giralt. Five other Madrid players also left the club to join Moncloa.[21][11] This precipitated a merger with Moderno on 30 January 1904. Carlos Padrós was elected president post-merger.[22] The club officially adopted the name Madrid–Moderno due to the merger, although most members, players and fans generally continued to refer to it as Madrid. The club dropped the Moderno name before the next season.[23] Madrid retroactively secured the 1903 Campeonato de Madrid trophy, won by Moderno, as a result of their merger.[24] The club won the first Madrid derby defeating Atlético Madrid 6–0 on 13 November 1904 in a friendly at the Plaza de Toros.[25] Madrid was a founding member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) on 21 May 1904.[6]

Madrid qualified for the

seminarians from Royal English College in Valladolid, with Edward Power scoring five goals in a 6–2 victory.[26] In 1957, then-club president Santiago Bernabéu was quoted as saying that the "game changed the whole history of football in Spain by showing us how football should be played."[27] Madrid became one of the founding sides of the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish football association.[6]

Club vice-president and player José Ángel Berraondo, who was instrumental in helping Madrid secure four Copa del Rey titles, left the club in 1909. He returned to his hometown of San Sebastián and became one of the founding members of Real Sociedad.[6] Arthur Johnson was appointed as manager of Madrid FC in 1910 becoming the first manager in the club's history.[28] Santiago Bernabéu made his debut for the club on 3 March 1912 when he was only 16 years old in a friendly against English Sports Club.[29][30][31] In 1912, Madrid moved to their first permanent home ground called Campo de O'Donnell, after previously moving between some minor grounds.[32] The venue was inaugurated on 31 October 1912 with a match against Sporting Club de Irún.[29]

Madrid secured their 6th regional championship during the 1912–13 season,[24] and three consecutive regional titles between 1916 and 1918.[24] The semi-finals of the 1916 Copa del Rey involved four matches between Madrid and FC Barcelona. Madrid defeated Barcelona 4–2 in the second replay match to qualify for the final, where it lost to Athletic Bilbao.[33] The club won its 5th Copa del Rey trophy in 1917 defeating Arenas Club de Getxo in the final,[34] and won its 10th regional championship during the 1919–20 season.[24] The club's name was changed to Real Madrid Football Club after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of real (Spanish for "royal") to the club on 29 June 1920. The royal patronage also permitted the club to add the royal crown to its crest.[35]

Real Madrid visited Italy in 1920 and played several friendlies against local sides including Bologna, US Livorno, and Genoa, marking the first foreign tour in its history.[29] Santiago Bernabéu left the club to join Athletic Madrid ahead of the 1920–21 season. He would only play one match before re-joining Real Madrid in 1921.[36][37] The Madrid team wore black armbands in a match against Athletic Madrid on 5 Match 1922, in honour of the deaths of Madrid player Sotero Aranguren and Bilbao player Pichichi, becoming the first team to make such a gesture.[37] The club had to leave the Campo de O'Donnell in 1923, because the owner wanted to develop the land, and adopted the Campo de Ciudad Lineal as their new home stadium. The ground was leased to Madrid by the heirs of urban planner Arturo Soria. It was the first grass playing field in the club's history, contained a pitch that was 108 metres long by 68 metres wide, and had a capacity for 8,000 spectators.[37] Madrid defeated Real Unión 2-0 in the inaugural match played at the Ciudad Lineal on 29 April 1923.[38]

Construction of the

Newcastle United.[37] Real Madrid embarked on its first tour of England in 1925 playing friendlies against Newcastle United, Birmingham City and Tottenham Hotspur. Although the club lost all three matches, it received praise from the British press for its talent and playing style.[37] Real Madrid switched to wearing black shorts for the 1925–26 season, however following a series of poor results, club president Pedro Parages switched back to the all-white kit.[37] The club toured the Americas for the first time in 1927 visiting Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, Cuba, Mexico and the United States over a period of three and half months.[37]

During this period, Real Madrid continued its regional dominance in the Campeonato Regional Centro winning the championship in the 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1925–26, and 1926–27 seasons.[24] Madrid reached the 1924 Copa del Rey final but lost to Real Unión. The Copa Federación Centro, a football competition contested by clubs from the Castile region, and a second-tier competition to the Campeonato was first held between 6 May and 17 June 1923 and won by Real Madrid. The next edition was held in 1928 and was also won by Madrid.[24]

Establishment of La Liga

Real Madrid participated in the Torneo de Campeones during the 1927–28 season. The competition involved the six teams that had previously won the Copa del Rey, and was played with a make shift schedule. The teams had been scheduled to play each other in a double round-robin format, however all matches could not be played, and some teams including Real only played 9 games. The Torneo de Campeones served as a rehearsal for the establishment of La Liga, the first national football league in Spain, in the following season.[39] Real Madrid led the inaugural 1929 La Liga season for the first 10 matchdays, however after dropping points in the next three games, they dropped to third behind Club de Getxo and then Barcelona. A string of four victories enabled Madrid to retake the lead ahead of the last match, but a loss to Athletic Bilbao on the final matchday meant they finished runners-up, just one point behind Barcelona.[37] Madrid reached the finals of the Copa del Rey in 1928–29 and 1930 but lost on both occasions. Real Madrid acquired goalkeeper Ricardo Zamora from RCD Espanyol for 150,000 pesetas (900€) in 1930. He made his debut on 5 October 1930 against Athletic Madrid in the Campeonato Regional Centro.[37] On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic caused the club to lose the title "Real" and the royal crown on its emblem, going back to being named Madrid Football Club.

Madrid won its first Primera División title in the 1931–32 season finishing the league unbeaten. They retained the title the following year equaling Athletic Bilbao for most league title wins, and were close to clinching the domestic double, but lost the 1933 Copa del Presidente de la República final[note 2] to Bilbao 1–2.[40] After a gap of 17 years, the club would secure their 6th domestic cup in 1934 defeating Valencia 2–1. Madrid won their 7th Copa in 1936 defeating Barcelona 2–1. The club consistently finished as runners-up in La Liga between 1933–34 and 1935–36. In the regional championship, Madrid won a record 8 consecutive Campeonato Regional Centro titles between 1928–29 and 1935–36, winning a record 23 regional championships in total. No football competitions were held in Spain for three seasons between 1936–37 and 1938–39 due to the Spanish Civil War. Madrid finished 4th in the 1939–40 La Liga season, the first one held after the Civil War. The 1939 Campeonato Mancomunado Centro, where Madrid finished runners-up to Athletic-Aviación, was the last edition of the regional championship. The club reached the final of the 1940 Copa del Generalísimo[note 2] but finished runners-up. On 1 January 1941, Madrid Football Club changed their name to Real Madrid Club de Fútbol and restored the royal crown on their crest.[41][42]

Real Madrid finished 6th, 2nd and 10th in the league in 1940–41, 1941–42 and 1942–43 respectively. On 13 June 1943, Madrid beat Barcelona 11–1 in a controversial second leg match of the 1943 Copa del Generalísimo semi-finals.[43] It remains the largest victory margin in the history of El Clásico. According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history. This was the game that first formed the identification of Madrid as the team of the dictatorship and Barcelona as its victims."[44] Fernando Argila, Barcelona's reserve goalkeeper from the 1943 match, said, "There was no rivalry. Not, at least, until that game."[45] Madrid lost to Athletic Bilbao 0–1 in the final.

The Bernabéu Era (1943–1978)

1966 European Cup Final
starting lineup

Marquitos
Fernández
Ribó
Gento
1956 European Cup Final
starting lineup

Before becoming president in 1943, Santiago Bernabéu had already carried out the functions of player, first-team captain, club maintenance, first-team manager and director in an association with the club that would last nearly 70 years. He was responsible for rebuilding the club after the Civil War and oversaw the construction of the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the Ciudad Deportiva.

Bernabéu also reorganized the club at all levels in what would become the normal operating hierarchy of professional clubs in the future, giving every section and level of the club independent technical teams and recruiting staff, such as Raimundo Saporta. Moreover, under Bernabéu's tutelage, during the 1950s former Real Madrid Amateurs player Miguel Malbo founded Real Madrid's youth academy, or "cantera," known today as La Fábrica.[46]

Finally, beginning in 1953, Bernabéu embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from Spain and abroad, the most prominent being Argentine

Amancio and Santillana
.

It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force both in Spanish and European football. Before passing away in 1978, Bernabéu had been the club's president for almost 35 years, during which his club won 1 Intercontinental Cup, 6 European Cups, 16 league titles, 6 Spanish Cups, 2 Latin Cups, and 1 Copa Eva Duarte.[47]

The De Carlos Era (1978–1985)

After a brief period as interim president, Raimundo Saporta called for elections. The club's treasurer, Luis de Carlos, resigned in order to run for president. 26 July 1978 was the deadline for candidates to apply in order to run for office. De Carlos submitted 3,352 documents endorsing his candidacy, while the rest – gynaecologist Campos Gil and florist José Daguerre – did not get the minimum number required in time. This called off the election and Luis de Carlos was proclaimed president of Real Madrid.

On 4 June 1980, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium hosted the Copa del Rey final between Real Madrid and Real Madrid Castilla, the club's second team that was initially founded on 21 July 1972. Castilla managed to defeat four First Division teams – Hércules, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad and Sporting de Gijón – to reach the final. Real Madrid defeated Castilla, coached by the sorely-missed Juanjo, by a score of 6–1.

Later in the year, France Football magazine named Real Madrid "Best European Team" of 1980. The jury took into account the two national titles the team won that year – La Liga and the Copa del Rey – and the fact that they reached the semi-finals of the European Cup that season.

Despite the previous year's successes, the

1981 European Cup Final on 27 May, an Alan Kennedy goal gave Liverpool
the European Cup title over Madrid.

The professional Real Madrid squad was one of four teams of the Primera División to back the strike called on 11 April 1982. On that day, the Whites played at Castellón with Castilla footballers and defeated the hosts 1–2.

The

final of the 1982 FIFA World Cup took place at the Santiago Bernabéu. In a thrilling match, Italy outplayed West Germany and won 3–1. What most spectators will remember most from that 11 July 1982 was the joy that overcame President of Italy Sandro Pertini
each time the Italian side scored.

With the presidential elections on the horizon, candidate Luis de Carlos introduced Alfredo Di Stéfano and Amancio Amaro as coaches of the first team and Castilla, respectively, on 19 May 1982. "The Arrow," as Di Stéfano was popularly known, initially left Madrid in 1964 only to return 18 years later. In the election, de Carlos defeated Ramón Mendoza and invited Di Stéfano, who signed to manage the team on a two-year contract. His first season in charge is best remembered by the bizarre fact of five trophies closely lost, four of them in four finals (Supercopa, European Cup Winners' Cup, Copa del Rey and Copa de La Liga). Besides that, in La Liga the squad finished in 2nd place a single point behind champions basque-side Athletic Bilbao after losing 0–1 against former Di Stefano club Valencia in the ultimate match at Mestalla Stadium. Madrid were leading most of the rounds before the game and only needed a draw to clinch the title.[48]

Once the 1983–84 season had ended, Di Stéfano again said goodbye to Real Madrid. Twenty-one years later he went through the same experience. His contract ended on 30 June 1984 and Luis de Carlos decided not to re-sign him due to the failure to achieve sporting success.

On 12 December 1984, Emilio Butragueño became a European household name with an unforgettable performance against Anderlecht at the Bernabéu. The Belgians were coming off a 3–0 first leg win in Brussels and had the next round of the UEFA Cup in sight, but Butragueño crushed their hopes with a three-goal performance (the others by Valdano [two] and Sanchís) and Real Madrid won convincingly 6–1, progressing on aggregate.

Real Madrid's first two UEFA Cup titles were won back-to-back—the first in

1986 (5–1 at the Bernabéu and 0–2 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin
).

The Mendoza Era (1985–1995)

After two brief stints as a director and an election-time defeat to Luis de Carlos, Ramón Mendoza's became president of Real Madrid in 1985, ushering in the dawn of a new era in the history of the club.

La Quinta del Buitre

Further information:
Quinta del Buitre

"La Quinta del Buitre" was the name given by Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias to the five homegrown Real Madrid players who were at the core of the team that dominated Spanish football in the 1980s. The name, meaning "Vulture's Cohort" in English, was derived from the nickname given to its most charismatic member,

Manolo Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza
.

Sanchís and Martín Vázquez were the first to play for the first team of Real Madrid, making their debut at

Murcia on 4 December 1983 under coach Alfredo Di Stéfano. Both played surprisingly well, with Sanchís scoring the game's winner. A few months later, on 5 February 1984, Butragueño debuted in an away match at Cádiz
. El Buitre was an instant sensation and scored twice. Pardeza was added to the first team that same season and Míchel followed at the start of the next.

With La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for

Milan
side of the time.

Martín Vázquez went to play for

Torino in 1990, later returning to Madrid in 1992 only to leave again in 1995 for Deportivo de La Coruña. Butragueño left the club in 1995 and Míchel in 1996, both joining Atlético Celaya
in Mexico.

Sanchís was the only member of La Quinta to play his entire career with Madrid. By winning the Champions League twice (in 1998 and 2000), he accomplished what La Quinta had failed to achieve in its glory days. He retired in 2001 as the last active member of the famous cohort at the age of 37.

The Sanz era (1995–2000)

2000 UEFA Champions League Final
starting lineup

After ten-and-a-half years in office, Ramón Mendoza handed in his irrevocable resignation on 20 November 1995. He was relieved by Lorenzo Sanz, who held recourse to Club by-law 49 to get elected as heir to Mendoza by the 11 directors who continued on the Board of Directors following the transfer of power. On 20 May 1996, Lorenzo Sanz presented Fabio Capello as new head coach of Real Madrid. The Italian trainer landed in Madrid borne out by his five successful seasons with Milan (with whom he won the 1994 Champions League) to replace Arsenio Iglesias, who managed the team on a temporary basis after coach Jorge Valdano resigned. Although winning the league, however, Capello left Madrid after just one season, saying years later did so because he did not settle at Madrid as well as he would have wanted; he returned to Milan.

Replacing Capello was the German

1999–2000 season
, Toshack was also fired, the seventh coaching change in just three years.

Under the guidance of new manager

Final, held at the newly built Stade de France in Paris, would host the competition's (including the European Cup era) first-ever Spanish final, pitting Madrid against Valencia on 24 May 2000. The game Madrid comfortably defeat Los Che 3–0, with goals coming from Fernando Morientes, Steve McManaman
and Raúl.

The Galactico/Pérez Era (2000–2006)

2000–2003

Further information: Galácticos
2002 UEFA Champions League Final
starting lineup

In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president, vowing to erase the club's debt and modernise the club's facilities, though the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of then-Barcelona star Luís Figo. During the campaign, Pérez claimed he had an agreement with the Portuguese winger that would see Figo move to the Bernabéu should Pérez be elected. On July 16, Pérez won the election and indeed, eight days later, Figo was presented with the number 10 shirt for Madrid.

Days later, surrounded by controversy, Real Madrid idol

Guti in the role, with Real Madrid coping and making good start to both their domestic and European campaigns. They were, however, defeated 2–0 at the Camp Nou against rivals Barcelona and were later eliminated from the Copa del Rey by lowly Toledo, as well as losing the Intercontinental Cup final to a Boca Juniors side led by Martín Palermo and Juan Román Riquelme
.

Nonetheless, Real Madrid recovered form and went top of the league table in mid-January, a position they would not relinquish on their way to ultimately winning the title. Madrid also advanced from the second group stage of the Champions League to face Galatasaray in the quarter-finals. Los Merengues lost the first leg in

eventual champions. Despite the setback, on 26 May, Madrid would crown themselves champions of the first division with an emphatic 5–0 win over Alavés at the Bernabéu. Two goals by Raúl and one each by Guti, Fernando Hierro and Iván Helguera
would ensure victory and Real Madrid's 28th league title with two matches left to play.

After reaching an agreement to re-zone and sell the Ciudad Deportiva, Pérez went on to sign Zinedine Zidane in 2001, Ronaldo in 2002 and David Beckham in 2003. The media began referring to the team as "Los Galácticos". The strategy, initially dubbed "Zidanes y Pavones", meant to integrate world stars and youth team graduates together on the squad. It is debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite winning the UEFA Champions League and an Intercontinental Cup in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003, the club failed to win a major trophy for the next three seasons. Off the field, the Zidanes y Pavones policy resulted in increased financial success based on the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world, particularly in Asia.

2003–04 season

Galácticos
.

The few days after capturing the 2002–03 league title were mired with controversy. The first controversial decision came when Pérez sacked winning coach Vicente del Bosque after Real's sporting director claimed that Del Bosque was not the right man for the job; they wanted someone young to shake up the team. The turning atmosphere continued when Madrid legend and captain Fernando Hierro left the club after a disagreement with management, as did Steve McManaman. However, the club toured Asia in pre-season and introduced newly signed galáctico David Beckham. Pérez and his directors refused to renew Claude Makélélé's contract with an improved salary, upsetting Makélélé who asked for a transfer, eventually moving to Chelsea. In the final days of the transfer window, Fernando Morientes also left the club, joining French Ligue 1 side Monaco on loan. Real Madrid, with newly appointed coach Carlos Queiroz, began their domestic league slowly after a hard-fought win over Real Betis.

Doubts of the team were quelled, however, when Madrid won 7–2 at home over

Real Murcia and Deportivo de La Coruña. These defeats allowed all of Valencia, Barça and Deportivo to leapfrog them in the table and end the year in up the top three, respectively, as Real ended the season in a disappointing fourth. Their poor performances continued as they lost the final of the Copa del Rey to Real Zaragoza. Shortly after the end of the season, Queiroz was sacked and replaced by ex-Real Madrid player José Antonio Camacho
.

2004–05 season

Camacho highlighted the team's poor defensive performances and persuaded Florentino Pérez to spend a total of €45 million on both Argentine defender

Roma and Newcastle United, respectively, but failed to sign Arsenal's midfield general Patrick Vieira due to his boldness of asking for a Galáctico-like paycheck in the likeness of Luís Figo's, Zinedine Zidane's, Ronaldo's and David Beckham's. The summer of 2004 also saw the sale of Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o
, who had been previously loaned out to Mallorca, to archrivals Barcelona.

In addition to the defensive additions, English striker Michael Owen was bought from Liverpool, but the player never settled at Real Madrid. Somewhat ironically, Eto'o would go on to achieve great success with Barcelona in just his first season with the team. Camacho resigned as head coach because of his team's poor performances and was replaced by Mariano García Remón. García Remón's last game was a loss at the hand of Sevilla, where the eventual champions Barça were six points clear from their nearest rivals, and Madrid sitting in lowly fifth. Remón was replaced by Vanderlei Luxemburgo after the winter break, who then signed Thomas Gravesen from Everton to fill the hole in midfield. Madrid failed to progress to the quarter-finals of the Champions League and in the Copa del Rey, but under Luxemburgo, Madrid fought hard to earn second place with 80 points, four points behind Barcelona.

2005–06 season

The 2005–06 season began with several new signings, including Júlio Baptista (€20 million), Robinho (€30 million) and Sergio Ramos (€30 million). However, Luxemburgo was not able to find the right formula on the pitch, as Real Madrid's poor form continued and hitting rock bottom after a humiliating 0–3 loss at the hands of Barcelona at the Bernabéu. Luxemburgo would eventually resign and be replaced by Juan Ramón López Caro, the former the manager of Real Madrid Castilla. A brief return to form came to an abrupt halt after losing the first leg of the Copa del Rey semi-finals 6–1 to Zaragoza. Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated from the Champions League for a fourth successive year, this time by Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino Pérez resigned as club president.[49] Real Madrid eventually managed to finish second in the league but did not pose a serious threat to defending champions Barcelona.

The Calderón Era (2006–2009)

2006–07 season

On July 2, 2006,

embattled Juventus, for a total sum of €23 million; Ruud van Nistelrooy from Manchester United for €15 million; Mahamadou Diarra from Lyon for €26 million; and on a last minute trade-loan José Antonio Reyes, with Júlio Baptista going the other way after a disappointing stint at Madrid. However, Calderón failed to sign Milan's Kaká, Arsenal's Cesc Fàbregas and Chelsea's Arjen Robben, as he had previously promised. Nonetheless, during the January transfer window, he did manage to sign Fluminense left back Marcelo (€6.5M), River Plate forward Gonzalo Higuaín (€13M) and Boca Juniors midfielder Fernando Gago
(€18M).

On 16 January 2007, Calderón made some very unfortunate comments about the behaviour of some players in the squad and the Santiago Bernabéu fans, which has put the club in a delicate situation.

Madrid Derby between Atlético and Real at the Vicente Calderón finished in a 1–1 draw, with goals coming from Fernando Torres
and Gonzalo Higuaín for Atlético and Real respectively.

On 7 March 2007, Real Madrid failed to reach the quarter-finals of the Champions League, stifled by Bayern Munich's strong home performance. Despite winning the home leg 3–2, they lost 2–1 at the Allianz Arena in Munich and were eliminated on an away goals tiebreaker. Bayern also scored the fastest goal in the Champions League during that match, after Roberto Carlos lost the ball after kick-off, which led to Roy Makaay scoring in ten seconds.

On 10 March 2007, Real Madrid contested the Clásico against Barcelona at the Camp Nou. Real Madrid took the lead three times after two goals from Ruud van Nistelrooy and one from Sergio Ramos, but were pegged back by a hat-trick from Lionel Messi, including an injury-time equaliser. Despite the sending off of Oleguer, the Clásico ended 3–3.

Real Madrid managed to find their form consistently for the first time all season as they managed to win seven out of eight of the final twelve games, including a 2–1 home win over Valencia on 21 April 2007 and another 3–2 home win over Sevilla on 6 May 2007. Calderón then went on to say that if the team keep up their great play, he was confident Real Madrid will win the league title and end their four-year wait for a major trophy on June 17.

On 12 May 2007, despite not having Robinho and Beckham on the pitch (due to separate yellow cards given in the previous match against Sevilla), Real Madrid took over first place in the La Liga for the first time all season by defeating Espanyol 4–3, coming back from 1–3 first half deficit. Los Blancos were able to avoid a 3–3 draw thanks to an 89th-minute goal by Gonzalo Higuaín. The Sunday after, Barça dropped points with a 1–1 draw to struggling Real Betis. By virtue of their superior head-to-head record, Real Madrid sat at the top of the Liga table with four crucial matches left to play. The following Sunday, Real managed to beat Recreativo de Huelva 2–3 at the Nuevo Colombino. With the score tied at 2–2, Real Madrid looked set return the lead back to rivals Barcelona until Roberto Carlos scored at the end of the match from a Fernando Gago assist and the squad left Huelva with just three games left to play against, in order, Deportivo, Zaragoza and Mallorca.

On 26 May 2007, Real Madrid put in another excellent performance to defeat Deportivo 3–1 at the Bernabéu. This victory made it six wins in a row for Real Madrid, with goals from Sergio Ramos, Raúl and Ruud van Nistelrooy securing the win. On 9 June, Real played their penultimate league fixture against Zaragoza at

Miguel Torres suffered an injury during warm-up, tearing his hamstring. In the game, Zaragoza led Real 2–1 near the end of the match, while Barcelona were also winning against Espanyol 2–1. Real's title challenge looked to be over. A late Van Nistelrooy equalizer, however, followed by a last minute Raúl Tamudo
goal for Espanyol, sprang Real Madrid's title hopes back into their favour. Sevilla were also held 0–0 away against Mallorca, which meant that a win at home against Mallorca would effectively secure Los Merengues their 30th Spanish league title.

The title was won on 17 June, where Real faced Mallorca at the Bernabéu, while Barcelona and Sevilla faced

Tarragona; however, three goals in the last half-an-hour secured Real Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003. The first goal came from José Antonio Reyes, who scored after a good work from Higuaín. An own goal followed by another delightful goal from Reyes allowed Real to begin celebrating the title. Thousands of Real Madrid fans began going to Plaza de Cibeles
to celebrate the title.

2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons

Real Madrid players celebrate their 2008 Supercopa de España win.

On 25 August, Real Madrid kicked off the season in a derby against city rivals Atlético Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu. It was a highly entertaining display from both sides but Real managed to win 2–1, with goals from Raúl and Wesley Sneijder for Real, while Sergio Agüero scored for Atlético. It was a great start for Real as they showed skill and that they were adapting to the new style of play new manager Bernd Schuster had brought in. On 28 August, Sevilla's Antonio Puerta died after three days in the hospital. The Santiago Bernabéu Trophy, which Real Madrid was about contend for against Sporting CP, was cancelled in honour of Puerta. On 2 September, Real Madrid managed to win 5–0 against Villarreal at El Madrigal, with two goals from Sneijder, one from Raúl, one from Ruud van Nistelrooy and one from Guti. Real extended their winning streak to three after they beat Almería at home before earning a well-deserved 1–1 draw against Real Valladolid, with Javier Saviola scoring the equalizer three minutes from final time.

Four days later, Real remained unbeaten as they beat Real Betis 2–0 at the Bernabéu, with goals from Raúl and an amazing bicycle kick from Júlio Baptista. Real continued their unbeaten run under Schuster by beating Getafe 0–1 away to ensure Los Blancos remain at the summit of La Liga.

Real began their

Roma
, 4–2 on aggregate.

On 9 December 2008, it was announced Bernd Schuster had been sacked as manager, and that ex-Tottenham Hotspur manager Juande Ramos would replace him.[51] That season ended up being one of the most disastrous in the club's history: Real was knocked out of the Champions League at the round of 16 stage for the fifth time in a row, losing to Liverpool 0–5 on aggregate, crashed out of the Copa del Rey to third tier side Real Unión, and was embarrassed by Barcelona at the Santiago Bernabéu with a humiliating 2–6 loss, which all but confirmed the league title for Barça that went on to win the treble. Madrid then lost their final four league games to cap off the disastrous campaign.[52]

Second Florentino Pérez era (2009–present)

Cristiano Ronaldo was the club's most expensive signing when he joined in 2009, costing €94 million.

On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency amid the outrage over the club's decline.

record again by purchasing Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for £80 million.[56] The 2009–10 season, however, was a transitional one as Madrid again finished second in the league, although this time amassing 96 points, the club's record at the time, and went out of the Champions League at the hands of Lyon. The season was marred by Cristiano Ronaldo's injury, that sidelined him for seven weeks,[57] although he still topped the goalscoring charts with 33 goals, and Madrid became the highest scoring team in La Liga, with 102 goals. Real Madrid also had the misfortune to become the runners-up with the highest points total in the history of Europe's top five leagues, until surpassed by Liverpool's 97 points in 2018–19.[58][59]

Copa del Rey final, and lost to Barça in the Champions League semi-finals, where Real progressed to for the first time since 2002–03. Moreover, from 16 April through 3 May, a rare occurrence happened when, for the first time ever, four Clásicos were to be played in a span of just 18 days. The first fixture was in the league campaign on 16 April (which ended 1–1 with penalty goals for both sides), the second one was in the Copa del Rey final (which was won by Madrid 1–0 a.e.t., bringing them their first trophy in the second Galáctico era) on 20 April and the third and fourth ones in the two-legged Champions League semi-finals on 27 April and 3 May (Barcelona won on aggregate with a 2–0 away victory and a 1–1 home draw).[62] The matches in the Champions League proved the most controversial, as multiple refereeing decisions were harshly criticized by Mourinho and Madrid players who accused UEFA of favoring the Catalan side. Namely, Pepe's red card in the 61st minute of the first leg was questioned, after which Barcelona scored two goals, with Mourinho being ejected and subsequently banned for the second leg for protesting, and several controversial offside calls were made, as well as Real having a goal disallowed in the second leg, when the score was tied 0–0.[63][64] Madrid again became the highest scoring team in La Liga, with 102 goals, repeating its output from the previous season, with Ronaldo scoring 40 and winning the European Golden Shoe
.

In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in its history, also finishing the season with numerous league records set, including 100 points amassed in a single season, a total of 121 goals scored, a goal difference of +89, 16 away games won, and 32 wins overall.[65] They also competed in the UEFA Champions League for the 15th successive season,[66] losing in the semi-finals to Bayern Munich on penalties (after a 3–3 aggregate tie) in a heartbreaking fashion. Madrid entered the Copa del Rey as the defending champions, but lost 3–4 on aggregate in the quarter-finals to Barcelona. In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo became the fastest player to reach 100 goals scored in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals in 92 games, Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend Ferenc Puskás, who scored 100 goals in 105 matches. Ronaldo set a new club mark for individual goals scored in one year (60) and became the first player ever to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season.[67][68]

Real Madrid started the

final, which saw them defeat Barcelona in the semi-finals (including an emphatic 3–1 victory at Camp Nou)[69] before losing to Atlético Madrid 1–2 a.e.t. in a heartbreaking fashion. Real Madrid faced the Blaugrana six times throughout the season, coming away with three wins, two draws, and one loss. A major transfer of the season was the signing of Luka Modrić from Tottenham Hotspur for a fee in the region of £33 million.[70] After a loss to Atlético in the Copa del Rey final, Pérez announced the departure of José Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual agreement".[71]

La Décima and Champions League three-peat

2014 UEFA Champions League Final starting lineup[72]
Real Madrid players celebrate the club's historic tenth European Cup / Champions League win (La Décima) in 2014.

On 25 June 2013,

final after 12 years, having beaten defending champions Bayern Munich 5–0 on aggregate in the semi-finals.[77] In the final, they defeated then-recently-league winners Atlético Madrid 4–1 a.e.t. to clinch their tenth European Cup (first since 2002) and become the first team to win ten European Cups/Champions League titles, an achievement known as "La Décima".[78] Real's attacking trio of Bale, Benzema and Cristiano, dubbed the BBC, finished the season with 97 goals.[79]

After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper Keylor Navas, midfielder Toni Kroos, and attacking midfielder James Rodríguez.[80] In August, Madrid won the 2014 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, the club's 79th official trophy.[81] During the last week of the 2014 summer transfer window, Real Madrid sold two players key to the previous season's successes: Xabi Alonso to Bayern Munich and Ángel Di María to Manchester United. This decision by the club was surrounded by controversy, with Cristiano Ronaldo stating, "If I was in charge, maybe I would have done things differently," while Carlo Ancelotti admitted, "We must start again from zero."[82]

After a slow start to the

final.[84] The winning streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to Valencia, leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins.[85] Madrid was in contention for both the La Liga title and the UEFA Champions League until the very end but ultimately came up short, finishing with 92 points in the league, two behind treble-winning Barcelona and losing to Juventus 2–3 on aggregate in the Champions League semi-finals.[86] Ronaldo finished the season scoring 48 league goals, winning his fourth European Golden Shoe, and 61 goals in all competitions, breaking his record from 2011–12.[87] Overall, despite playing an attractive attacking football and being the highest scoring team in Europe with 118 league goals,[88] several heartbreaking defeats meant that Real finished the season with two trophies out of six possible, which contributed to the dismissal of Carlo Ancelotti on 25 May 2015.[89][90]

On 3 June 2015,

final, with the achievement being termed "La Undécima".[98][99][90]

2016–17 La Liga champions Real Madrid celebrate the title with Community of Madrid President Cristina Cifuentes.

Real Madrid began their

Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup.[106][107] Real Madrid's title was its 12th, extending the record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as "La Duodécima".[108] The 2016–17 season was the greatest campaign in terms of trophies won (four out of possible five) in the history of Real Madrid, an achievement that would be later equalled in the 2017–18 season.[109]

Real kicked off the 2017–18 campaign by winning its second consecutive and fourth overall

final where they defeated Liverpool 3–1 to become the first club to win three straight titles in the Champions League era, as well as the first team to win three consecutive titles in the European Cup/Champions League since Bayern Munich in 1976. The trophy also marked Madrid's fourth win in five years and their eighth consecutive semi-final appearance. On 31 May, only five days after winning the final, Zidane announced his resignation as Real Madrid manager, citing the club's "need for change" as his rationale for departing.[113][114]
Madrid ended the season with four trophies out of possible six.

Zidane's and Ronaldo's departures marked the end of the Second Galáctico Era that yielded four Champions League titles, two La Liga titles, two Copa del Rey, two Supercopa de España, three UEFA Super Cups, and three FIFA Club World Cup titles. The team was instrumental in ending Barcelona's dominance, despite the Blaugrana boasting arguably the greatest collection of talent in history,[115] and overshadowed the Catalans on the European stage.[116] Real Madrid was also somewhat notoriously unlucky in its league campaigns throughout these nine years, finishing runners-up with 96, 92 (twice), and 90 points, as well as on 87 points in third place, just three off the league winners.[59]

Following Ronaldo's departure

On 12 June, Real Madrid named

final. With their win, Real Madrid became the outright record winners of the Club World Cup with four titles. They are considered to have been the world champions for grand total of seven times because FIFA officially recognizes the Intercontinental Cup as the predecessor of the FIFA Club World Cup. They also extended the record for most consecutive titles with their third in a row.[122] Solari won 10 out his first 13 La Liga matches, but the team started to struggle again soon after that. First, they were knocked out of the Copa del Rey at the semi-final stage by Barcelona, losing 0–3 at home on 27 February 2019 after a 1–1 away draw in the first leg. Then there was another El Clásico a few days later, this time in the league, and Madrid against lost a home game to Barça, 0–1. Finally, on 5 March 2019, Real was thumped by Ajax 1–4 (3–5 on aggregate) in a home game, crashing out of the Champions League at the round of 16 stage after eight consecutive semi-finals appearances. On 11 March 2019, Real Madrid dismissed Solari and reinstated Zidane as the head coach of the club.[123][124] Madrid went on to win five, draw two and lose four remaining league matches under Zidane, finishing third with 68 points, 12 losses and a +17 goal difference, making it Real's worst points total since 2001–02 and worst goal difference since 1999–2000.[125] The club won one out of five possible trophies in one of the most disastrous seasons in its modern history.[126]

The

final to win their eleventh title.[127] On 6 February 2020, Madrid was eliminated by Real Sociedad in the Copa del Rey quarter-finals, losing 3–4 at home.[128] After a three-month hiatus due to the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020, La Liga was restarted in June and Madrid won ten games in a row to capture the team's 34th league title, collecting 87 points in total.[129] Madrid played the postponed second leg of the Champions League round of 16 against Manchester City in August, losing 1–2 (2–4 on aggregate) at the Etihad and being eliminated at the first knockout stage for the second consecutive year.[130] As such, Real ended the season with two trophies out of possible four.[131] From La Liga's resumption in June and until the end of the 2020–21 season, Madrid temporarily played home fixtures at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, while the Santiago Bernabéu underwent extensive renovations.[132]

Further domestic success and La Decimocuarta

Zidane left a second time on 27 May 2021 after going trophyless

final against Liverpool, who were once again widely considered as favorites,[144] in a rematch of their 2018 encounter. A lone Vinícius goal sealed the 14th European Cup for Los Blancos, their fifth in nine years, and Ancelotti's second in charge.[145][146] Real also claimed their fourth ever European double (after 1956–57, 1957–58, and 2016–17).[147] Despite Real Madrid's status as the most decorated team in European Cup / Champions League history, they were considered underdogs in this season's campaign, rated no higher than seventh prior to the start of the group stages in September 2021 (after, in order, Paris Saint-Germain, Manchester City, Bayern Munich, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Manchester United).[148] Prior to the start of the knockout phase in February 2022, they were again seventh, behind Manchester City, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Chelsea, Paris Saint-Germain, and Ajax, in addition to having been considered underdogs to all of the teams they faced thereafter.[149] As such, Madrid's run can be considered among the most improbable ones in modern Champions League history.[150]

In 2023, Real Madrid wins its 20th Copa del Rey after beating Barcelona 4–0 in the semifinals, and defeating Osasuna 2–1 in the final.

In July 2023,

Paris Saint-Germain. However, Real Madrid signed Jude Bellingham from Borussia Dortmund, who would score 19 goals in his first La Liga season, and winning the Kopa Trophy and the Laureus for his outstanding performance at Real Madrid. They also signed Arda Güler from Fenerbahçe, but he has spent most of his time on the bench. In October 2023, Eden Hazard
retired from football at just 32 years old after having a poor performance on the team, and because he had many injuries that prevented him from playing.

Real Madrid's first title in 2024 was the

Atlético de Madrid 5–3 in the semifinals and in the final they beat Barcelona 4–1.[151]

More domestic success would come when they won their 36th league title, having a long run with Girona, who was first on the table for several journeys, but would lose several times while Real Madrid would only lose one game, and being the first spanish team to qualify for the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League.

In the Champions League, Real Madrid would advance as leader of Group C along with Napoli, Braga and 1. FC Union Berlin. In the round of 16, they would face RB Leipzig, which they would defeat 2–1 on aggregate, advancing to the quarter finals against Manchester City. They drawed the first game 3–3, and in the complicated second leg a 1–1 draw that would lead them to penalties. Finally, Real Madrid would win 4–3 on penalties, facing Bayern Munich at semifinals. They would draw the first match at the Allianz Arena 2–2, and at the Santiago Bernabéu they would turn it around in the last minutes by 2–1. They qualified for the final against Borussia Dortmund at Wembley Stadium.

La Decimoquinta

The match kicked off at 20:00 UTC+0 in Wembley, England. At minute 20, Karim Adeyemi has a clear opportunity in front of the goal, but he opens up too much and Carvajal intervenes. Just two minutes later, Niclas Füllkrug has another clear opportunity without defense in front of the goal, but the shot goes off the post and he misses the opportunity. In the 48th minute, Toni Kroos has a free kick that almost ends in a goal, but Gregor Kobel saves the shot. In the 62nd minute, Dortmund has another chance, a long, curved pass for Füllkrug, but Thibaut Courtois makes another save. In the 73rd minute, Real Madrid had a corner taken by Toni Kroos, and Dani Carvajal converted the score to 1–0 with a header. Minute 80, Eduardo Camavinga has a distant opportunity, but again Kobel avoids the goal. Two minutes later, Dortmund makes a serious mistake that Belligham takes advantage of, passes to Vinicius and makes it 2–0. With this score, Real Madrid become champions for the 15th time, and Luka Modrić, Dani Carvajal, Nacho and Toni Kroos become the top winners of the Champions League, equaling Paco Gento's record.

This was last Toni Kroos' last game with Real Madrid after he announced his retirement after Euro 2024.[152]

Notes

  1. ^ a b The regional championship of Madrid was first held in 1903 as the "Campeonato de Madrid" (Madrid Championship). It was renamed as the "Campeonato Regional de Madrid" (Madrid Regional Championship) for the 1906–13 seasons. The Royal Spanish Football Federation, founded on 29 September 1913, took over the competition from 1913. It was called the "Campeonato Regional Centro" (Central Regional Championship) between 1913 and 1931, the "Campeonato Regional Mancomunado" (Joint Regional Championship) from 1932 to 1936, and the "Campeonato Regional del Centro" (Regional Championship of the Center) during its final season in 1939–40.
  2. ^ a b The Copa del Rey, as it was known for the most part of its history, was renamed to Copa del Presidente de la República by the Second Spanish Republic in 1932 and then to Copa del Generalísimo by the Francoist government in 1939.

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External links

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