Arsenal F.C.
Full name | The Arsenal Football Club[1] | |||
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Nickname(s) | The Gunners | |||
Founded | October 1886 | , as Dial Square|||
Ground | Emirates Stadium | |||
Capacity | 60,704 | |||
Owner | Kroenke Sports & Entertainment | |||
Co-chairmen | Stan and Josh Kroenke | |||
Manager | Mikel Arteta | |||
League | Premier League | |||
2023–24 | Premier League, 2nd of 20 | |||
Website | Club website | |||
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Departments of Arsenal | ||||
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The Arsenal Football Club, commonly known as simply Arsenal, is a professional football club based in Holloway, North London, England. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. In domestic football, Arsenal has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 17 FA Community Shields, and a Football League Centenary Trophy. In European football, they have one European Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football.[2]
Arsenal was the first club from southern England to join the
In 1886, munitions workers at the
In 2006, the club moved to the nearby
The motto of the club is Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through Harmony.".History
1886–1912: from Dial Square to Arsenal
In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and fifteen fellow munitions workers in Woolwich formed Dial Square Football Club, named after a workshop at the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex. Each member contributed sixpence, and Danskin also added three shillings to help form the club.[13][note 1] Dial Square played their first match on 11 December 1886 against the Eastern Wanderers and won 6–0.[17] The club had been renamed Royal Arsenal by January 1887,[16][18] and its first home was Plumstead Common,[16] though they spent most of their time playing at the Manor Ground. Their first trophies were the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889–90 and the London Senior Cup in 1890–91; these were the only county association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[19][20] In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.[21]
Royal Arsenal was renamed for the second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with the Football League when the club ascended later that year.[22][23]: 5–21 Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of the Football League, starting out in the Second Division and reaching the First Division in 1904. Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910.[24][23]: 112–149 Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to move them elsewhere.[25][23]: 22–42
1912–1925: Bank of England club
In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, the club moved across the river to the new
With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.
1925–1934: Herbert Chapman's legendary Gunners
Arsenal's location and record-breaking salary offer lured star
Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the
1934–1947: Shaw, Allison & the Second World War
Chapman's death meant work was left to his colleagues
World War II meant the Football League was suspended for seven years. While Arsenal were paraded by the nation as a symbol of solidarity with war efforts, the war took a huge toll on the team as the club had had more players killed than any top flight club.[48] Furthermore, debt from reconstructing an ambitious North Bank Stand redevelopment greatly bled Arsenal's resources.[49][31]
1947–1962: Tom Whittaker's meteoric Gunners
Despite this period of turbulence & churn, Arsenal returned to win the league in the second post-war season of 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, and meant the club equalled the champions of England record.[50] Tom Whittaker, despite his disarming humble & modest disposition, was oft-referred to as the "brains" behind charismatic Chapman's legendary Arsenal side.[51][52] He gathered a successful & highly skilled Arsenal side in spite of greatly limited resources, with a fiery and expansive style that drove great fanfare at the time.[53]
They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53 making Arsenal the most successful team in English history at the time.[54][55]
1962–1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee and Neill's cohorts
Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions squad had aged, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements.
Arsenal tentatively appointed club
Former player
1984–1996: George Graham's Arsenal
One of Mee's double winners,
The side immediately won the 1988
1996–2018: Wenger years
The club metamorphosed during the tenure of French manager
Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although they never won the title in two consecutive seasons.[82] The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the
2018–2020: post-Wenger revolution
After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He became the club's first ever 'head coach' and second manager from outside the United Kingdom.[91][92] In Emery's first season, Arsenal finished fifth in the Premier League and as runner-up in the Europa League.[93][94] On 29 November 2019, Emery was dismissed as manager and former player and assistant first team coach Freddie Ljungberg was appointed as interim head coach.[95][96][97]
2020–: Arteta era
On 20 December 2019, Arsenal appointed former club captain
Crest
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Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first
In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter typography, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit (VCC) – "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[106][107] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it.[108] Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[109] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[110] The cannon once again faces east, and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[111] Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[112]
The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[113] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[112]
In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all-white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[114]
Colours
For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[115] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[116][117]
In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[118] Regardless of which story is true, the red-and-white shirts have come to define Arsenal, and the team have worn that combination ever since that time, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[117] this proved unpopular, and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the side reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[118] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves that bore a broad white stripe.[117]
Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[118] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green-and-white strip.[119] In 1941, Luis Robledo, an England-schooled founder of Santa Fe and a fan of Arsenal, selected the main colours for his newly created team. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red-with-white-sleeves-and-shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[120] These teams still wear those designs to this day.
For many years Arsenal's away colours were white or navy blue. However, in 1968 the FA banned navy shirts (they looked too similar to referees' black kit), so in the 1969–70 season Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final when Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. The yellow and blue strip became almost as famous as their iconic red-and-white home kit.
When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[123] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year.[124]
After
From the 2019–20 season Arsenal's kits are manufactured by Adidas.[126] In the 2020–21 season, Adidas unveiled the new away kit to mark the 15-year anniversary of leaving Highbury. The new away kit is white, with a marbled pattern to replicate the iconic marble hall in the East stand of Highbury.[127]
Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors
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Stadiums
Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on
Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[31] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[31]
Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[134] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[135]
Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a
Arsenal's players train at the
Supporters and rivalries
Arsenal's fanbase are referred to as "Gooners" – the name derived from the club's nickname "The Gunners". Virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),
Like all major
There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters' clubs were affiliated with the club.[157] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[158] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[159]
Anthem
The team's anthem is The Angel (North London Forever) by Louis Dunford.[160][161][162] The song is typically played at Arsenal home games before a match.
Other songs
In addition to the usual English
Rivalries
Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbour,
Mascot
The club mascot is Gunnersaurus Rex, a smiling, 7-foot-tall green dinosaur, who first appeared at a home match against Manchester City in August 1994 (or 1993). He is based on a drawing by then-11-year-old Peter Lovell, whose design and another similar idea won a Junior Gunners contest; his official backstory is that he hatched from an egg found during renovations at Highbury.[168][169][170][171][172][173]
The same person, Jerry Quy, has been inside the suit from the start; in early October 2020, as part of cost-cutting brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the club made him redundant from that and his other part-time job in supporter liaison, together with 55 full-time employees, although they later said Gunnersaurus could return after spectators were allowed back in stadiums.[172][174][175] An online fundraiser was begun for Quy,[175] and Mesut Özil offered to pay his salary himself as long as he remains with Arsenal.[176][177] In November 2020, in advance of COVID-19 regulations being relaxed to allow supporters to attend home games from 3 December, Arsenal announced that Gunnersaurus would return, to be played by a roster of people that could include Quy if he wished.[178][179]
Ownership and finances
The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon
Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as an unlisted
Arsenal's financial results for the 2019–20 season showed an after tax loss of £47.8m, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[197] The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenises and compares clubs' annual revenue. Deloitte put Arsenal's footballing revenue in 2019 at £392.7m (€445.6m),[198] ranking Arsenal eleventh among world football clubs.[159] Arsenal and Deloitte both listed the match day revenue generated in 2019 by the Emirates Stadium as €109.2m (£96.2m).[198]
In popular culture
Partly due to their proximity to the Alexandra Palace transmitter, Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[199][200] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[199][201] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[199][202] Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[199][203]
As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels,
Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a
In August 2022, Amazon Prime Video released an eight-episode docuseries called All or Nothing: Arsenal.[211][212] It documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season, in which they were the youngest team in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years and 308 days – more than a whole year younger than the next team.[213][214]
In the community
In 1985, Arsenal founded a
Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[220] On 3 June 2018, Arsenal played Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the proceeds went to Realtoo Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation.[221]
During 2007 in
Players
First-team squad
- As of 31 January 2024[227]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Academy
- As of 31 January 2024[235]
- Players to have at least one first-team appearance for Arsenal.[236]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Management and staff
Current staff
Position | Name |
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Manager | Mikel Arteta |
Assistant coaches | Albert Stuivenberg |
Carlos Cuesta[242] | |
Nicolas Jover[243] | |
Miguel Molina[244] | |
Goalkeeping coach | Iñaki Caña[245] |
Academy manager | Per Mertesacker |
Director of football operations | Richard Garlick |
Head of sports medicine and performance | Zafar Iqbal[246] |
Chief executive officer | Vinai Venkatesham |
Sporting director | Edu Gaspar |
Chief commercial officer | Juliet Slot |
Chief financial officer | Stuart Wisely |
Communications director | Kate Laurens |
Club secretary | Zayna Perkins |
Arsenal board
Position | Name |
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Co-chair | Stan Kroenke |
Co-chair | Josh Kroenke |
Executive Vice-chair | Tim Lewis |
Director | Lord Harris of Peckham |
Statistics and records
Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (19),[249] and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of June 2020, they are one of seven teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[250]
They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14.[251] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[252] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[82][253] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[254] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[255]
Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points,[4] whether calculated by two points per win[4] or by the contemporary points value.[256] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (98 as of 2023–24).[3][257][258] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[5]
Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).
Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[261] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[265]
Honours
Arsenal's first ever
Type | Competition | Titles | Seasons |
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Domestic | First Division/Premier League[note 6] | 13 | 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |
FA Cup | 14 | 2019–20
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EFL Cup[note 7] | 2 | 1992–93
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FA Community Shield[note 8] | 17 | 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991,[note 9] 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 | |
Football League Centenary Trophy | 1 | 1988 | |
Continental | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1 | 1969–70
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UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 1 | 1993–94
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- record
Other
When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the matches the club played during a season.[267] Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup.[19] Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this.[21][273] Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations,[274] Arsenal competed in and won trophies organised by each.[19][273]
During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and friendly honours. These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun in 2007.[275] During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to participate in wartime competitions. During WWII, Arsenal won several of these.
Notes
- ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on the name, first meeting, and first match.[14] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain at founding.[15] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[16]
- ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[40] Newspaper accounts of the addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[41] The contemporary discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[42]
- ^ Martin Keown was the 'fifth' member of the Back Four, but did not play for the club between 1986 and 1993.
- ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[72] and later praise[73] and skepticism.[74] For context of the broader use of science in English football, see Soccer Science.[75]
- ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period, given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,[76] regression on transfer spending,[77] regression on both,[78] and a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[79]
- ^ Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English football; the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the Championship and the Second Division became League One.
- ^ Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.
- ^ Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.
- ^ The 1991 FA Charity Shield was shared with Tottenham Hotspur.
References
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- ^ a b Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). "English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). "England – First Level All-Time Tables". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Hodgson, Guy (17 December 1999). "Football: How consistency and caution made Arsenal England's greatest". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ a b Dawson, Alan. "Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Dial Square to north London". Dial Square to north London. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "Herbert Chapman". National Football Museum. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
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- ^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2023". Deloitte. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
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- ^ Joy 2009, p. 2. Forward, Arsenal!
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- ^ Kelly, Andy (7 March 2012). "121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal". blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ a b Kelly, Andy (9 May 2017). "Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
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- ^ ISBN 978-1860837876.
- ^ Davis, Sally (December 2007). "Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris". wrightanddavis.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
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- from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ISBN 9781909178236. Archivedfrom the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury". www.arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (30 January 2014). "How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C." The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ^ Attwood, Kelly & Andrews 2012, p. 112. Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football
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- ^ Joy 2009, pp. 49, 75. Forward, Arsenal!
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- ^ Elkin & Shakeshaft 2014. The Arsenal Shirt: Iconic Match Worn Shirts from the History of the Gunners
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- ^ Glackin, Neil (26 April 2014). "Numbered shirts and Chapman – re-writing the story once again". AISA Arsenal History Society. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (31 October 2015). "Arsenal underground station renamed earlier than believed". Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ Bull, John (11 December 2015). "It's Arsenal Round Here: How Herbert Chapman Got His Station". Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ Warrior, Yogi's (6 January 2013). "The Death of Herbert Chapman of Arsenal On This Day, 6th January 1934". Arsenal On This Day: A Prestigious History of Football. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
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- ^ "George Allison". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7524-7188-4.
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Works cited
- Attwood, Tony; Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (1 August 2012). Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football (first ed.). First and Best in Education. ISBN 978-1-86083-787-6.
- Cross, John (17 September 2015). Arsene Wenger: The Inside Story of Arsenal Under Wenger. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 978-1-4711-3793-8.
- Elkin, James; Shakeshaft, Simon (1 November 2014). The Arsenal Shirt: Iconic Match Worn Shirts from the History of the Gunners. Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-909534-26-1.
- ISBN 978-0-9559211-1-7.
- Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (3 October 2011). Arsenal 125 Years in the Making: The Official Illustrated History 1886–2011. Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-62353-3.
- Sowman, John; Wilson, Bob (18 January 2016). Arsenal: The Long Sleep 1953 – 1970: A view from the terrace. Hamilton House. ISBN 978-1-86083-837-8.
- Whittaker, Tom; Peskett, Roy (1957). Tom Whittaker's Arsenal Story (First ed.). Sporting Handbooks.
Further reading
- Andrews, Mark; Kelly, Andy; Stillman, Tim (8 November 2018). Royal Arsenal: Champions of the South (First ed.). legends publishing. ISBN 9781906796594.
- Callow, Nick (11 April 2013). The Official Little Book of Arsenal. Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84732-680-5.
- Castle, Ian (30 August 2012). Arsenal. FeedaRead.com. ISBN 978-1-78176-752-8.
- Fynn, Alex; Whitcher, Kevin (18 August 2011). Arsènal: The Making of a Modern Superclub (3rd ed.). Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907637-31-5.
- Glanville, Brian (2011). Arsenal Football Club: From Woolwich to Whittaker. GCR Books. ISBN 978-0-9559211-7-9.
- Hayes, Dean (2007). Arsenal: The Football Facts. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-84454-433-2.
- ISBN 978-0-575-40015-3.
- Lane, David (28 August 2014). Arsenal 'Til I Die: The Voices of Arsenal FC Supporters. Meyer & Meyer Sport. ISBN 978-1-78255-038-9.
- Maidment, Jem (2008). The Official Arsenal Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive A–Z of London's Most Successful Club (revised ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61888-1.
- ISBN 978-0-9569813-7-0.
- Roper, Alan (1 November 2003). Real Arsenal Story: In the Days of Gog. Wherry Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9546259-0-0.
- Spragg, Iain; Clarke, Adrian (8 October 2015). The Official Arsenal FC Book of Records (2 ed.). Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78097-668-6.
- Spurling, Jon (2 November 2012). Rebels for the Cause: The Alternative History of Arsenal Football Club (New ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-1-78057-486-8.
- Spurling, Jon (21 August 2014). Highbury: The Story of Arsenal in N.5. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4091-5306-1.
- Stammers, Steve (7 November 2008). Arsenal: The Official Biography: The Compelling Story of an Amazing Club (First ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61892-8.
- ISBN 978-0-285-50261-1.
- Watt, Tom (13 October 1995). The End: 80 Years of Life on the Terraces. Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited. ISBN 978-1-85158-793-3.
External links
Independent websites
- Arsenal F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news – Recent results and fixtures
- Arsenal F.C. at Premier League
- Arsenal F.C. at Union of European Football Associations
- Arsenal F.C. companies grouped at OpenCorporates