House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (
Founded in 1826 by
In 1917, the First World War caused the British king George V to officially change the name from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Windsor" in the United Kingdom.[2] In Belgium, due to similar resentment against Germany after the Great War, the use of the name was also changed in 1920 by King Albert I to "de Belgique" (French), "van België" (Dutch) or "von Belgien" (German), meaning "of Belgium". However, the "Saxe-Coburg" house name of the Belgian royal family was never officially abolished, and since relations between Belgium and Germany have been normalized for a long time, the use of this family name has been slowly reintroduced since the 2010s (especially since King Philippe of Belgium wants to limit the number of princes and princesses of Belgium, and thus the use of the designation "of Belgium", to only a select group of his family).[3]
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2020) |
The first duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernest I, who reigned from 1826 until his death in 1844. He had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized in 1826.
Ernest's younger brother Leopold became King of the Belgians in 1831, and his descendants continue to serve as Belgian monarchs. Leopold's only daughter, Princess Charlotte of Belgium, was the consort of
Ernest I's second son,
In 1826, a
The ducal house consisted of all male-line descendants of
Wir, Ernst, Herzog zu Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, Jülich, Cleve und Berg, auch Engern und Westphalen, Landgraf in Thüringen, Markgraf zu Meißen, gefürsteter Graf zu Henneberg, Graf zu der Mark und Ravensberg, Herr zu Ravenstein und Tonna usw.
We, Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Jülich, Cleves and Berg, also Angria and Westphalia, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Count of Mark and Ravensberg, Lord of Ravenstein and Tonna, and so forth.
There were two official residences, in Gotha and Coburg. Therefore, the whole ducal court, including the court theatre, had to move twice a year: from Gotha to Coburg for the summer and from Coburg to Gotha for the winter.
For the Court Theater, two almost identical buildings had to be built in 1840 in Gotha (destroyed in World War II) and Coburg (now the Coburg State Theater) and thereafter maintained at the same time. In addition to the residential castles, Friedenstein Palace in Gotha and Ehrenburg Palace in Coburg, the ducal family also used the Schloss Reinhardsbrunn in Gotha, as well as the Schloss Rosenau and Callenberg Castle in Coburg, and a hunting lodge, Greinburg Castle, in Grein, Austria.
Branches
Ducal branch
Dukes, 1826–1918
- Ernest I 1826–1844
- Ernest II 1844–1893
- Alfred 1893–1900
- Charles Edward 1900–1918
Heads of the house since 1918
- Charles Edward 1918–1954
- Friedrich Josias 1954–1998
- Andreas 1998–present
Although the ducal branch is
Instead of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future
The current head of the ducal branch is Andreas, the grandson of Charles Edward. Since the duchy was abolished in 1918, the heads use the title Prince rather than Duke.
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Coat of arms of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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Heraldic shieldof Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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Personal arms of the family since the reign of Charles Edward[5]
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Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1943), head of the ducal branch
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Veste Coburg, ancestral seat of the House of Saxe-Coburg
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Ehrenburg Palace, Coburg (summer residence)
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Friedenstein Castle, Gotha (winter residence)
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Reinhardsbrunn Castle, Gotha
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Rosenau Castle, Coburg
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Callenberg Castle, Coburg
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Greinburg Castle, Grein, Austria
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
The
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Palais Coburg in Vienna, today a hotel
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Palace of Svätý Anton in Slovakia, today a museum
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Ebenthal, Lower Austria, today private property
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Walterskirchen castle near Poysdorf, Lower Austria is still owned by the family
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L'Huillier-Coburg Palace, acquired 1831, today owned by the Hungarian state
Kingdom of Portugal
The Portuguese line was founded by Prince Ferdinand's eldest son,
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King Manuel II (r. 1908–1910, d.1932)
Kingdom of Bulgaria
From the accession of Boris III in 1918 onward, this branch of the family belongs to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
- Ferdinand I (1887–1918)
- Boris III (1918–1943)
- Simeon II (1943–1946) In 2001, elected[6] Prime Minister of Bulgaria as Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha—also known as Simeon "Sakskoburggotski" (Сакскобургготски).[7][8][9]
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King Simeon II of Bulgaria (r. 1943–1946)
Kings of the Belgians
The Belgian line was founded by Leopold, youngest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Following Leopold's conversion to Catholicism to take the newly-created Belgian throne, this line of the house is Catholic.[citation needed]
- Leopold I (1831–1865)
- Leopold II (1865–1909)
- Albert I (1909–1934)
- Leopold III (1934–1951)
- Baudouin (1951–1993)
- Albert II (1993–2013)
- Philippe (2013–present)
Belgian royal house
Because of the
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Royal Castle of Laeken
United Kingdom
The British line was founded by King
- Edward VII (1901–1910)
- George V (1910–1917)
Genealogy
Patrilineality, descent as reckoned from father to son, had historically been the principle determining membership in reigning families until late in the 20th century, thus the dynasty to which the monarchs of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha belonged genealogically throughout the 1900s is the House of Wettin, despite the official use of varying names by different branches of the patriline.
References
- ISBN 3-12-539683-2
- British Monarchist Society and Foundation.
- ^ Waarom Delphine de foute naam krijgt – website of the Faculty of Law of KU Leuven
- ^ Ciara Berry (11 January 2016). "Saxe-Coburg-Gotha". The Royal Family. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- ^ "Homepage". sachsen-coburg-gotha.de.
- ^ Bulgaria: Timeline, BBC News Online, 27 June 2007. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
- Radio Free Europe, 26 July 2002. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
- ^ Bulgarian (or Spanish) Prime Minister? Archived 14 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Bulgaria Development Gateway, 24 July 2003. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
- ^ Lord Alderdice speaking in the House of Lords on 19 May 2005, Hansard. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
- ISBN 978-2-262-07112-7.
Il [Albert Ier] décide le 22 avril 1921 de ne plus porter ses titres de comte de Saxe et prince de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, mais n'abandonne pas ses qualités et titres officiels allemands, tout comme Elisabeth garde son titre de duchesse en Bavière. Leur fils, Léopold III, les reprendra plus tard, ces titres n'ayant pas été juridiquement supprimés.
- ^ a b Balfoort, Brigitte; Van Paemel, Eddy, eds. (2010). "The Belgian monarchy" (PDF). belgium.be. Olivier Alsteens. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2019.
- ^ Newmedia, R. T. L. (4 May 2017). "La famille royale s'appelle à nouveau Saxe-Cobourg: pourquoi est-ce bientôt la fin des "de Belgique"?". RTL Info (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ "La famille royale s'appelle à nouveau de Saxe-Cobourg". Le Soir Plus (in French). 4 May 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ Libre.be, La (5 May 2017). "Famille royalement de Belgique et Saxe-Cobourg". lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ ejustice.just.fgov.be http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/mopdf/2019/07/19_2.pdf.
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(help) - ^ Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on the official website of the British monarchy