Joel Palmer
Joel Palmer | |
---|---|
Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives | |
In office 1862–1863 | |
Preceded by | Benjamin F. Harding |
Succeeded by | Isaac R. Moores Jr. |
Personal details | |
Born | Elizabethtown, Upper Canada | October 4, 1810
Died | June 9, 1881 Dayton, Oregon, U.S. | (aged 70)
Political party | Democrat, later Republican |
Spouse(s) | Catherine Coffee m. 1830 Sarah Ann Derbyshire m. 1836 |
Profession | soldier, pioneer, businessman |
General Joel Palmer (October 4, 1810 – June 9, 1881) was an American pioneer of the Oregon Territory in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. He was born in Upper Canada, and spent his early years in New York and Pennsylvania before serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives.
Palmer traveled to the
The Palmer House, his former home in Dayton, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Early life
Joel Palmer was born in
He was married to Catherine Coffee from 1830 until her death after childbirth.[3] On October 8, 1832, Palmer became a United States citizen.[4] Palmer married his second wife, Sarah Ann Derbyshire, in 1836, and bought land near Laurel, Indiana,[2] in the Whitewater Valley, where he supervised a construction project for a canal.[5] In 1843, he was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana House of Representatives for a one-year term.[6] Representing Franklin County, he was re-elected to the legislature in 1844.[3]
Oregon pioneer
In the spring of 1845, Palmer traveled to Oregon without his family, as captain of a
Because of the onset of winter, the Barlow, Rector, and Palmer parties were forced to leave their wagons on the mountain's eastern foothills. Palmer left on horseback for Oregon City, while Barlow and Rector blazed a trail to Oregon City on foot.[7] Sam Barlow later returned with partner Philip Foster to establish the Mount Hood Toll Road, which became known as the Barlow Road.
In 1846, Palmer returned to his family in Indiana and in 1847 he published his diary as Palmer's Journal of Travels Over the Rocky Mountains, 1845–1846.[7] This book provided equipment guidance and comprehensive route information for those crossing the Oregon Trail. The publication also had a general description of the Oregon Country, a detailed description of the Willamette Valley, and included a copy of the Organic Laws of Oregon adopted by settlers at the Champoeg Meetings.[7] It was a popular guidebook for immigrants for the next ten years.[6][10]
Also in 1847, Palmer traveled with his family to Oregon as captain of that year's major wagon train. While passing through the Walla Walla Valley he met Marcus and Narcissa Whitman at their mission shortly before their deaths in the Whitman massacre—the event that precipitated the Cayuse War. Perhaps motivated by meeting the Whitmans, Palmer later returned to serve as a peace commissioner to tribes considering joining the Cayuse.[2] At the outset of the war he was appointed as commissary-general of the Provisional Government’s militia forces.[4]
After the war, in 1848, Palmer joined the
Oregon politician
In 1853, President
Palmer gained an anti-settler reputation among immigrants, newspapers and officials, who said he acted too favorably toward the Indians,
After leaving office as Indian Affairs Superintendent, Palmer worked his farm on his land claim and operated his sawmill and several other enterprises. Between 1858 and 1861 he spent time in British Columbia as a merchant to prospectors in the gold rushes of the Thompson River, Similkameen Valley, and Fraser River.[4] Palmer blazed a route to the gold fields of the Okanogan Valley and the upper portions of the Columbia River from Priest Rapids in 1860.[4] In 1862, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives to represent Yamhill County.[11] Now a member of the Republican Party, he was named Speaker of the House during that session.[11]
That year Palmer also established the Columbia River Road Company to build a trail through the Columbia River Gorge on the Oregon side of the river.
Treaties negotiated by Palmer
- Treaty with the Rogue River, 1853
- Treaty with the Umpqua–Cow Creek Band, 1853
- Treaty with the Rogue River, 1854
- Treaty with the Chasta, etc., 1854
- Treaty with the Umpqua and Kalapuya, 1854
- Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc., 1855
- Treaty with the Wallawalla, Cayuse, etc., 1855
- Treaty with the Middle Tribes of Oregon, 1855
- Treaty with the Molala, 1855
Later years and legacy
Palmer's brother, named Ephraim like their father, also immigrated to Oregon and served as a captain in the first regiment of the Oregon Infantry.
References
- ^ Corning, Howard M. (1989) Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing. p. 191.
- ^ a b c d e f g Daniel N. Clark (May 16, 2005). "Joel Palmer, Oregon Pioneer Leader and Author". Fort Walla Walla Museum. Retrieved December 12, 2006. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d Smith, Rose M. (2004). Guide to the Joel Palmer papers 1851–1879. Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine University of Oregon Libraries. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Lilly Library Manuscript Collections: Palmer MSS. Archived May 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Indiana University. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c Oregon Historical Quarterly. "Joel Palmer and Isaac Ingalls Stevens". Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on June 3, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e "Joel Palmer (1810-1881)". Oregon History Project. Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Joel Palmer, Palmer's Journal of Travels Over the Rocky Mountains, 1845–1846 Archived December 12, 2012, at archive.today (1847), Library of Congress catalog F592 .T54 vol. 30. (viewable online)
- ^ a b c "Oregon Biographies: Joel Palmer". Oregon Historical Society. 2002. Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
- ISBN 0-87595-252-6.
- ^ "Works by Joel Palmer". Answers.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
- ^ a b Oregon Legislative Assembly (2nd) 1862 Regular Session. Archived October 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
- ^ Oregon Legislative Assembly (4th) 1866 Regular Session. Archived October 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
- ^ Oregon Legislative Assembly (3rd) 1865 Special Session. Archived October 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
- ^ "History — The Joel Palmer House Restaurant". The Joel Palmer House Restaurant. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ Cogswell, Philip Jr. (1977). Capitol Names: Individuals Woven Into Oregon's History. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society.
- ^ "Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II". American Merchant Marine at War. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
- ^ "Joel Palmer Award". Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
External links
- Media related to Joel Palmer at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by or about Joel Palmer at Internet Archive
- Context for Treaty Making: Joel Palmer
- Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains, to the Mouth of the Columbia River at Gutenberg.org