Karur
Karur | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 639(xxx) |
Telephone code | 91-(0)4324 |
Vehicle registration | TN-47 |
Karur (Tamil:
Etymology
Karur is mentioned in inscriptions and literature by two names, Karuvoor (the home of Karuvoor Devar) and Vanji. Additionally, it has been referred to as: Adipuram, Tiruaanilai, Paupatheechuram, Karuvaippatinam, Vanjularanyam, Garbhapuram, Thiru vithuvakkottam, Bhaskarapuram, Mudivazhangu Viracholapuram, Karapuram, Aadaga maadam, Cherama nagar and Shanmangala Kshetram. Among them, the name Adipuram, meaning the first city seems to indicate that it was held as the foremost city by the medieval writers. It was also called Vanchi moothur, the ancient city of Vanji. In the foreign notices of Ptolemy, it was called Karoura – an inland capital of the Cheras.[3]
History
Karur has been ruled at different times by the Murkala
Karur is one of the oldest towns in Tamil Nadu
Epigraphical, archaeological and literary evidence indicate that Karur was the capital of early
Karur municipality was constituted in 1874. It was upgraded to a I grade municipality on 24.10.69, upgraded to selection grade municipality on 24.05.1988, and upgraded to a special grade municipality on 07.04.1988. The town is very expanded now, with 48 wards, much like a city corporation.[8]
Geography
Karur is located at 10°57′N 78°05′E / 10.95°N 78.08°E[9] and has an average elevation of 101 metres or 331 feet. The town is located in Karur district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, at a distance of 370 km (230 mi) from Chennai.
Topography
Karur is located on the banks of the Amaravathi River and noyyal river. The topography is almost plain, with no major geological formation.
Geology
There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the town. The soil types are black and red that are conducive for common crops in the
Climate
The prevailing climate in Karur is known as a hot semi-arid climate, labelled BSh under the Köppen and Geiger classification system. Karur receives an average of 590 to 600 mm (23 to 24 in) annually, which is substantially below the state average of 1,008 mm (39.7 in). The South West monsoon, with an onset in June and lasting up to August, brings scant rainfall since Karur is in a rainshadow region. The bulk of the rainfall comes during summer months (late April, May) and the North East monsoon in the months of October, November and December.[3][10] The driest month is March, with only 8 millimetres or 0.31 inches of rain. Most rain falls in October, with an average of 166 millimetres or 6.54 inches. The precipitation varies 158 millimetres or 6.22 inches between the driest month and the wettest month.
The average temperature in Karur is 28.7 °C or 83.7 °F. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 39 °C (102.2 °F) to a minimum of 17 °C (62.6 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the coolest. The average temperatures vary during the year by 5.9 °C or 10.6 °F. With an average of 31.5 °C or 88.7 °F, May is the hottest month, whilst in the mildest months of December the average temperature is 25.6 °C or 78.1 °F.
Climate data for Karur | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
33.8 (92.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
28.7 (83.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.7 (74.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 11.5 (0.45) |
9.2 (0.36) |
8.3 (0.33) |
32.4 (1.28) |
63.5 (2.50) |
17.1 (0.67) |
30.2 (1.19) |
44.6 (1.76) |
63.2 (2.49) |
166.3 (6.55) |
86.3 (3.40) |
61.0 (2.40) |
593.6 (23.38) |
Average rainy days | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 52 |
Source 1: Climate-Data.org[11] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: rainy days [failed verification] |
Flora and Fauna
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2021) |
Demographics
Karur urban area is the 15th Populous city in the state of Tamil Nadu. Karur City Area divided into Three Regions Karur, Inam karur and Thanthoni Region which is further divided into 12 divisions. Currently Karur City has population about 3,58,468 (population before corporation 2021) with a sex-ratio of 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
The city covers an area of 30.96 square kilometres (11.95 sq mi). More than 8% of the total population of the Karur district and 25% of the total urban population in the district resides in the town. The town has a large floating population. Out of the total area, 86.85% of the land is marked developed and 37.63% of the city remains undeveloped. Residential areas make up 39.41% of the town's total area while commercial enterprises and industrial units make up 4.72% and 1.99% respectively.[16]
The population density of the city in the 2001 census was 128 persons per hectare and the average household size was 3.95 as of 2001. Hindus form the majority of the urban population, followed by Muslims and Christians. Tamil is the main language spoken in the city, but the use of English is relatively common; English is the medium of instruction in most educational institutions and offices in the service sector.[17]
Government and politics
Municipal Corporation officials | |
---|---|
Mayor | Tmt. Kavitha Ganesan |
Corporation Commissioner | N. Ravichandran[18] |
Deputy Mayor | Thiru. Dharani Saravanan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
Elected members | |
Member of Legislative Assembly | V. Senthil Balaji[19] |
Member of Parliament | Jothimani |
Karur is the headquarters of the
Karur is a part of the
Karur is a part of the
Law Enforcement
Law and order in the city in maintained by the Karur sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Superintendent of Police. There are 4 police stations for law and order, 2 for traffic and 1 all women police station and more than 10 police outpost in the city, There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.[41]
Utilities
Electricity supply to Karur is regulated and distributed by the
As per the municipal data for 2011, about 45 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Karur every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the Karur municipality. The coverage of solid waste management in the town by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001.[44] There is no underground drainage system in the town and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.[45]
The municipality maintained a total of 115 km (71 mi) of storm water drains in 2011.
Arts, society and culture
The town formed a part of the traditional Chera and Chola empires and has a number of exquisitely sculpted temples. Karuvurar born in medieval Karur, is one among the nine devotees who sung the divine Music Thiruvichaippa, which is the ninth Thirumurai. He is the single largest composer among the nine authors of Thiruvichaippa. He lived during the reign of the Chola king
Economy
The city has about 19% of its total area under agricultural land use. The major crops are rice, cotton, sugar cane and oil seeds, while the major horticultural crops are coconut, banana, betel and mango. The town is the commercial centre for trading of agricultural commodities from the nearby towns and villages. Karur, being the headquarters of the district, has registered growth in tertiary sectors, with a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Approximately 80 per cent of the workforce is employed in tertiary sector, 17 per cent in primary sector and 4% in secondary sector activities.[52]
All major government and private banks have branches at Karur. Private banks Karur Vysya Bank and Lakshmi Vilas Bank have their headquarters in Karur.
Home Textiles
Karur is a major home textile centre and has five major product groups — bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens and wall hangings. The city generates around ₹10000 crores. More than 1.5 Billion US$ in foreign exchange through direct and indirect exports. Major importers are Walmart, Sears in the US, IKEA in Sweden and other major retailers in the UK. Allied industries like ginning and spinning mills, dyeing factories and weaving employ around 300,000 people in and around Karur.[53] Hand-loom Exports from Karur began on a modest scale with just 15 exporters in 1975.[52] Karur is also home to an integrated textile park, ₹190 crore Karur Textile Park Limited (KTPL) a premier facility of its kind in the country for its technical and ancillary facilities.[54]
Bus Body manufacturing
Karur is a major hub for Bus Body [coach] building in South India, with a major market share of almost 70% of bus coaches being built here locally.[55] The total business turnover from building bus coaches is estimated to be around ₹1000 crore per annum.[citation needed]
Mosquito nets
About 60% of mosquito nets in India are manufactured in Karur. About 2000 units are engaged in making High-density polyethylene (HDPE) mono filament yarn and associated products and employ about 50,000 people.[56]
Newsprint
TNPL promoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu with loan assistance from the World Bank, located near Karur, is the largest producer of bagasse (sugarcane waste from Sugar mills) based paper in the world and the second-largest paper producer in Asia. The firm produces more than 400,000 tonnes of printing and writing paper per annum and consumes 1 million tonnes of bagasse every year.
Others
Bharat Petroleum Corporation formed a joint venture with Petronet CCK and has installed a pipeline facility from Cochin to Karur for transporting petroleum products. The petroleum products received at the BPCL-Karur terminal in Athur is supplied to more than 20 districts of Tamil Nadu through tanker trucks.[57] Chettinad group has established a wet process cement plant at Puliyur near Karur with a capacity of 1.7 MTPA.[58]
Transport
Road
The Karur corporation maintains 59.02 km (36.67 mi) of roads. The city has 17.77 km (11.04 mi) concrete roads, 0.53 km (0.33 mi) WBM roads, 0.57 km (0.35 mi) gravel roads and 40.15 km (24.95 mi) bituminous road. A total of 9.51 km (5.91 mi) of state highways is maintained by the State Highways Department and 7 km (4.3 mi) of national highways by the national highways department.[59][60]
There are 2 national highways namely the
Karur bus stand is a B-grade bus stand located in the center of the town. The
Railway
railway lines.Airport
The nearest local and international airport is the
Education
There are 72 government and private schools, 1 government arts college, 1 government medical college and number of private arts and science, architecture, engineering, polytechnic, Teacher training, nursing, catering colleges and large number of engineering colleges are in and around Karur. Karur medical college has recently been established at the cost of 115 crores.
Private schools
See also
Notes
- ^ "Lok Sabha". Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c Urban Infrastructure Report 2006, p. 4
- ^ "History | Karur District, Government of Tamil Nadu | India". Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ R. K. Das. Temples of Tamilnad. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1964. p. 161.
- ^ R., Nagaswami (1995). Roman Karur: A peep into Tamil's past. Madras: Brahad Prakashan.
- ^ "Chera Roman coins". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 February 2008. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "About Karur municipality". Karur Municipality. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Location of Karur". Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Karur. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "About Karur municipality". Karur Municipality. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "climate: Karur – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table – Climate-Data.org". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Karur". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 60
- ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, pp. 7-10
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. i
- ^ "Commissioner of municipality". Karur municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ a b "MLA of Karur". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "About the municipality". Karur municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration". Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. 2006. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Councillors of municipality". Karur municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Economic and political weekly, Volume 30". Sameeksha Trust. 1995: 2396.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Shanmughasundaram, J. (24 August 2021). "Tambaram, Kancheepuram and four other municipalities to be corporations". The Times of India. Chennai: The Times Group. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "List of Assembly Constituencies". Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ "Partywise Comparison Since 1977". Election Commission of India. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 17. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 49. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 67. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 71. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 80. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 73. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 81. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 51. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 86. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 85. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 94. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Karur Police". Karur municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Water Supply Details". Karur Municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Waste management programme". Karur Municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 72
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 18
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 25
- ^ "Karur street lights". Karur Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Karur markets". Karur Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Iyengar, Mahavidwan R. Raghava (1932) [1918]. Vanjimanagar (University of Madras B.A, Text 1932). University of Madras.
- ^ Iyengar, Mahavidwan R. Raghava (1932) [1918]. Azhwargal Kaala Nilai on Vithuvakkodu Ranganathar temple. University of Madras.
- ^ a b Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, pp. 11-13
- ^ "Textile Exports". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 15 November 2005. Archived from the original on 2 March 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2005.
- ^ "Textile park inaugurated". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 February 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Karur bus body sector gearing up for the future – Motorindia".
- ^ "Power cut situation". The Times of India. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Petronet". BPCL limited. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "CHETTINAD". Archived from the original on 16 February 2015.
- ^ "Erode roads". Karur municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, pp. 20-22
- ^ "New train flagged off". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2 October 2013.
- ^ "Mangalore-Puducherry Express train from this weekend". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 September 2013.
- ^ Renganathan, L. (26 May 2013). "New passenger train chugs into grand reception at Karur junction". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Renganathan, L. (5 June 2013). "Commuters demand more trains on Salem-Namakkal-Karur.Daily trains to Chennai, Bangalore, Ernakulam and Mysore. And weekly trains to Mumbai, New Delhi, Jammutawi, Agra cantt, Bhopal and Hydrabad.Karur is one of the 'A' Grade sector junction among 4 stations in salem divisions &its sector.. It is connected with all major cities in india India's important train 'Satabti' express runs via Karur city(only satabti express for Tamil Nadu). Intercity trains to trichy everyday". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
References
- Urban Infrastructure report (2008). Conversion of City Corporate Plan into Business Plan (PDF) (Report). Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited. Retrieved 29 December 2012.[permanent dead link]