Lal Communist Party Hind Union
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The Lal Communist Party Hind Union ('Red Communist Party, Indian Union') was a political party in
Nakodar conference
The Lal Communist Party was founded by Kirtis and
Leadership
The Nakodar conference elected a
The party published the fortnightly Lal Jhanda ('Red Flag') in Hindi, Punjabi and English.[6][7] Teja Singh Swatantra was the editor of Lal Jhanda and Gandharv Sen its manager.[6]
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Goa
A leader of the Lal Communist Party, Pandit Kishori Lal, was sent to Goa along with a group of fighters to take on the Portuguese rule there. One of the volunteers, Karnail Singh Eesru, was killed in that struggle.[5]
Peasant struggles
The Lal Communist Party was stronger in the
The party began mobilising militant mass struggles amongst the peasantry, organising large meetings and calling on peasants not to share their crops with landlords. The party built up an armed wing, that began killing landlords in areas of conflict. In 1949 the fighters of the party clashed with police at Kishangarh, a fight in which one sub-inspector was killed. The police forces had to flee the village. The army was sent to put out the armed activities of the party. After two days, with six killed and 26 party members arrested, the party had to surrender.[1]
1952 elections
The Lal Communist Party contested the Punjab and PEPSU
Merger with CPI
Merger talks between the CPI Punjab unit and the Lal Communist Party began in 1951.[12]
The agrarian struggles of the Lal Communist Party lasted until 1952. In that year the campaign bore fruit, as permanent tenants became land owners. Some non-permanent tenants also became land owners. On the other hand, there was a part of the party leadership that criticised the way Teja Singh Swatantra organised the armed struggle. The critics argued that there couldn't be an armed revolution without a people's uprising. The guerrillas of Lal Communist Party had become involved in daciotry as they robbed a bank in
The Lal Communist Party approached the CPI to discuss reunification, albeit Teja Singh Swatantra opposed the idea. The CPI leadership responded positively. A party meeting was held at Dalel Singh Wala, which unanimously decided to dissolve the Lal Communist Party and unconditionally join CPI.[13] As the two communist parties processed their merger, the arrest warrants against most of the Lal Communist Party cadres were cancelled in May 1952.[13]
The merger of the two parties was completed in July 1952.[12]
Aftermath
To join CPI, ex-Lal Communist Party members had to apply for membership and author a written confession of self-criticism.[13] Whilst the majority of ex-Lal Communist Party members joined CPI (both in the leadership and grassroots), hundreds of ex-Lal Communist Party members were denied entry into CPI (including Baba Bujha Singh).[1][14] Amongst the people that did not join CPI, some went into dacoitry or religious asceticism.[1]
Within CPI the former Lal Communist Party members continued to act as a faction of its own for some time.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Judge, Paramjit S. Insurrection to Agitation: The Naxalite Movement in Punjab. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1992. pp. 67–70
- ^ Sharma, Sadhna. States Politics in India. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1995. p. 320
- ^ a b c Sidhu, Ajmer. Baba Bujha Singh, an untold story. Chandigarth, India: [s.n.], 2013. pp. 18, 79
- ^ Ramnath, Maia. Haj to Utopia How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
- ^ a b c Sidhu, Ajmer. Baba Bujha Singh, an untold story. Chandigarth, India: [s.n.], 2013. pp. 80–81
- ^ a b Sidhu, Ajmer. Baba Bujha Singh, an untold story. Chandigarth, India: [s.n.], 2013. p. 152
- ^ Modern Records Centre. Dr Gurharpal Singh archive: Communist Movement in the Punjab
- ^ a b c Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PATIALA & EAST PUNJAB STATES UNION
- ^ a b c Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB
- ^ Sud, S. P. Singh, and Ajit Singh Sud. Indian Elections and Legislators. Ludhiana: All India Publications, 1953. p. 48
- ^ Sarkar, Subodh Chandra. Indian Parliament and State Legislatures, Being the Supplement to Hindustan Year Book, 1952. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1952. pp. 59, 82
- ^ a b Singh, Gurharpal. Communism in Punjab: A Study of the Movement Up to 1967. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1994. p. 142
- ^ a b c d Sidhu, Ajmer. Baba Bujha Singh, an untold story. Chandigarth, India: [s.n.], 2013. pp. 83–85
- ^ Sidhu, Ajmer. Baba Bujha Singh, an untold story. Chandigarth, India: [s.n.], 2013. p. 86
- ^ Judge, Paramjit S. Insurrection to Agitation: The Naxalite Movement in Punjab. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1992. pp. 72–73