Legitimacy of Queen Victoria
The parentage of Queen Victoria has been the subject of speculation. It has been suggested that her biological father was not Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn. This suggestion has largely centred on the familial incidence of hereditary diseases and circumstantial evidence, and is not widely believed.
Succession crisis
Princess Charlotte of Wales was the only daughter of the Prince Regent (later King George IV). Her and her stillborn son's death in 1817 set off a race between the Prince Regent's brothers, the six surviving younger sons of King George III, to see who could father a legitimate heir. Some of the brothers had been previously involved in scandals. Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, the second in line to the throne, was amicably separated from his wife, Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, who was already past childbearing age. The sixth son, Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, had contracted two marriages in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772 (as had the Prince Regent before his marriage to Charlotte's mother). Three brothers, the third, fourth and seventh in line to the throne, married in 1818: Prince William, Duke of Clarence; Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn; and Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge. The fifth son, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, was already married but had no living children at the time.
The Duke of Clarence married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. Though he had been able to father ten illegitimate children with Dorothea Jordan, an earlier mistress, none of his children by his wife survived childhood. The second daughter, Elizabeth, lived the longest, being born on 10 December 1820 and dying on 4 March 1821. The next son to produce an heir was the Duke of Cambridge, whose son George was born on 26 March 1819. He would be displaced two months later by the birth of a daughter to the Duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, his wife. Their first and only child was Princess Victoria. She was born on 24 May 1819, just three days before the son of the Duke of Cumberland, also called George.
Both George III and the Duke of Kent died in January 1820. The Prince Regent became George IV and Victoria was third in line to the throne after her uncles, the Duke of York and Duke of Clarence (the future William IV). She would ultimately take the throne as Queen Victoria in 1837.
Controversy
Rumours about Victoria's parentage centred on a controversial
The belief that the Duchess and Conroy were lovers was widespread. When asked by
Genetics
A. N. Wilson suggested that Victoria's father could not have been the Duke of Kent for two reasons:
- The sudden appearance of hæmophilia in the descendants of Victoria. The illness did not exist in the royal family before.
- The supposed disappearance of porphyria from the descendants of Victoria. According to Wilson, the disease was prevalent in the royal family before Victoria but not afterwards.[6]
Both arguments can be countered. Since hæmophilia is
With regard to porphyria there is no genetic evidence that the royal family even had the disease and its diagnosis in George III's case (and others) has been questioned.[15] If the diagnosis of hereditary porphyria is correct, it may have continued among descendants of Victoria. Her daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, and at least two other descendants, Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, and Prince William of Gloucester, are suspected of having suffered from it.[16][17]
Concrete evidence on the origins of the hæmophilia disease and paternity of Victoria could be achieved with a DNA test of her or her parents' remains, but no such study has been sanctioned by the Royal Family.[18]
Notes
- ISBN 978-0-306-81085-5.
- ^ Hibbert (2001), p. 27.
- ASIN B001Q77XAQ.
- ISBN 978-0-345-46195-7.
- ^ Longford (1965), p. 119.
- ISBN 0-09-179421-8.
- ^ Packard, Jerrold (1973). Victoria's Daughters. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 43–44.
- ^ Agaliotis, Dimitrios P.; Zaiden, Robert A. & Ozturk, Saduman (24 November 2009). "Hemophilia Overview". EMedicine. webMD.
- PMID 20301668.
- ^ McKusick, Victor A. (1965). "The Royal Hemophilia". Scientific American. Vol. 213. p. 91.
- ISBN 0-00-255020-2.
- ISBN 0-00-255511-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4251-6810-0.
- ^ "Hemophilia B (Factor IX)". National Hemophilia Foundation. 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
- PMID 21877427.
- ISBN 0-593-04148-8.[page needed]
- ISBN 9781851093557.
- ISBN 978-1-85109-355-7.
Further reading
- Hudson, Katherine (1994). A Royal Conflict: Sir John Conroy & the Young Victoria. Hodder & Stoughton.