Malwa Sultanate
Malwa Sultanate Mālwā Salṭanat | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1401–1562 | |||||||||
Sultan | | ||||||||
• 1401 - 1406 | Dilawar Khan (first) | ||||||||
• 1555 - 1562 | Baz Bahadur (last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1401 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1562 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India |
The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom in the
Following the Battle of Gagron in 1519, much of the Sultanate came under the brief control of Maharana of Mewar Rana Sanga,[2] and he appointed one of his vassals, Medini Rai, to rule over the Sultanate.[3] In 1562, the Sultanate was conquered from its last ruler, Baz Bahadur, by the Mughal Empire, and it became a subah of the empire. The Sultanate was predominantly ruled by Afghan and Turco-Afghan dynasties throughout its existence.
Origin
History
Ghurid dynasty
The sultanate of
The Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar Shah I accused Hoshang of parricide and invaded Malwa. Hoshang was defeated and captured as a prisoner, while a Muzaffarid governor was appointed in his pace at Dhar.[12]
Khalji dynasty
The Ghurid dynasty, founded by Dilawar Khan Ghuri, was replaced by Mahmud Shah I, who proclaimed himself king on 16 May 1436. The Khalji dynasty, founded by him, ruled over Malwa till 1531.
The sultanate saw heavy decline in 1519 after the continues invasions of Rajput chief Rana Sanga of Mewar.[13] Mahmud Khalji I was succeeded by his eldest son Ghiyas-ud-Din. The last days of Ghiyas-ud-Din were embittered by a struggle for throne between his two sons, with Nasir-ud-Din emerging victorious over Ala-ud-Din and ascending the throne on 22 October 1510, The last ruler Mahmud Shah II surrendered to
Muzaffarid Conquest
Since 1518,
Restored Khalji dynasty
In 1537, Qadir Shah, an ex-officer of the previous Khalji dynasty rulers, regained control over a part of the erstwhile kingdom.[14] But in 1542, Sher Shah Suri conquered the kingdom, defeating him and appointed Shuja'at Khan as the governor. His son, Baz Bahadur, declared himself independent in 1555. Darya Khan Gujarati, the ex-Wazir of Mahmud Khan of Gujarat ruled Ujjain.[10]
In 1561, emperor
Art
Many remarkable illustrated manuscripts were prepared during the period of the sultanate. An illustrated manuscript of Kalpa Sutra (1439) (presently in the National Museum, Delhi) was prepared in Mandu during the reign of Mahmud Shah I
Rulers
-
Silver half tanka of Nasir Shah dated (AH) 915 (= 1509–1510 CE)
-
Silver half tanka of Muhammad Shah II dated (AH) 917 (= 1511–1512 CE)
-
Silver tanka of Baz Bahadur
The Ghurid/Ghorid dynasty (1401–36)
SULTANATE
- Dilawar Khan 1401–1406
- Husam-ud-Din Hoshang Shah 1406–1435
- Taj-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I 1435–1436
The Khalji dynasty (1436–1531)
- Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I 1436–1469
- Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah 1469–1500
- Nasir-ud-Din Shah 1500–1510
- Shihab-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II 1510–1531
The interregnum
- Medini Rai (as a vassal of Mewar's ruler Maharana Sanga) 1519–1528
- Bahadur Shah (the sultan of Gujarat) 1531–1537
- Humayun (Mughal emperor) 1535–1540
The later rulers
- Qadir Shah 1540–1542
- Shuja'at Khan (the governor of Sher Shah Suri) 1542–1555
- Baz Bahadur 1555–1562
See also
Notes
- ISBN 0226742210.
- ISBN 978-0-8426-0262-4.
- ISBN 978-81-269-0123-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- ISBN 978-0-8021-9550-0.
- ^ Islam, Riazul; Bosworth, C. E. (1998). "Delhi Sultanate". History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 4: The Age of achievement, A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century; Pt. I: the historical, social and economic setting. UNESCO Publishing. p. 285.
- ISBN 90-04-13561-8.
The Subsequent Khalji dynasty (1436-1531) had the same origin as the Khalji dynasty of Delhi...
- ISBN 978-81-7017-311-3.
Originally he belonged to a neighborhood of Bukhara, and after much wandering across the cities of the Islamic world, at last, came to settle in Mandu, capital city of the Independent Sultans of Malwah claiming descent from the Khalji clan, the Turko-Afghan mixture.
- ISBN 9781789140101.
- ^ a b V. S. Krishnan · (1982). Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Ujjain. p. 46.
- ^ a b c Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.173-86
- ISBN 9788123026374.
- ISBN 978-0-8426-0262-4.
Early 16th century marks the rise of patriotic one eyed chief of Mewar named as Rana Sanga who defeat several of his neighbour kingdom and establish Rajput hold on Malwa first time after fall of Parmara dynasty through series of victories over Malwa,Gujarat and Delhi Sultanate
- ISBN 9780521523059.
- ISBN 81-7276-407-1, pp.112-3
- ^ Khare, M.D. (ed.) (1981). Malwa through the Ages, Bhopal: the Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of M.P., pp.193-5
- ISBN 81-7276-407-1,pp.804-5
- ISBN 9780226742212.
External links
- Coins of the Malwa Sultanate at the Coin India Galleries