Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur
Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur Nagvanshi dynasty | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
Status |
| ||||||||
Capital |
| ||||||||
Common languages |
| ||||||||
Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
Raja (King or Chief) | |||||||||
• c. 94–162 | Phani Mukut Rai (first) (according to legend) | ||||||||
• 1950–1952 | Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established |
| ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1952 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Jharkhand, India |
The Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur, also known as the Khokhra chieftaincy, was an Indian dynasty which ruled the parts of
Origin
The origins of the Nagvanshis are unknown.
Many scholars put the date of establishment of Nagvanshi dynasty in the 4th century taking into account an average ruling period of 25 years for each king.[15] According to a different source, the dynasty was founded in the 5th century as a successor state to the Gupta Empire.[16] According to many historians the Nagvanshi dynasty was possibly established in 10th century.[17]
Lineage
The lineage of Nagvanshi is Kashyap gotra.[18] According to Bhagavata Purana, Sage Kashyapa and his wives generated various beings, including the Naga. Hence, Mlecchas, i.e. followers of non-vedic tradition were being bestowed by Kashyap gotra. Kashyap gotra is also used for vedic ritual performances for those who have forgotten their gotra. In this process, several people adopted Kashyap gotra during the 1st millennium.[19]
History
Ancient period
According to Nagvanshi annals,
Medieval period
A Sanskrit inscription of a Mahamaya temple in
In 12th century, Raja
Modern period
During the 16th century, king
In 1719, during the reign of Emperor Muhammad Shah, Sarbuland Khan invaded to Chotanagpur plateau. Raja Yadunath Shah agreed to pay Rs. 100,000 (one lakh) as Nazrana.[clarification needed] Then Yadunath Shah shifted the capital from Navratangarh to Palkot upon realising the weakness of the capital from a defensibility point of view. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Shivnath Shah (1724–1733). Due to non-payment of tribute, Fakhr-ud-daula invaded Khokhra in 1731. He faced considerable resistance from the Raja of Khokhra but both parties reached a compromise and he paid Rs. 12,000 as tribute. When Fakhr-ud-daula was removed from the post of Subedar of Bihar Suba in 1733, the Khokhra chief discontinued payment of tribute to Mughals. Maninath Shah (1748-1762) consolidated his authority over the estates of Bundu, Silli, Barwe, Rahe, and Tamar, and the chiefs of these estates were compelled to acknowledge the Nagvanshi ruler as their chief.[4][32]
After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the East India Company were given the right to collect revenue from Bihar, Bengal and Odisha by the Mughal Empire. In 1771, during the reign of Dripnath Shah, Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company due to conflicts with neighbouring kings and tribes.
Between 1760 and 1770, the
In 1855, during the reign of Jagannath Shah Deo, the king of Barkagarh estate, Vishwanath Shahdeo, stopped following the orders of the East India Company, defeated British forces in Hatia and ruled independently for two years. During the Rebellion of 1857, he led the rebels of Ramgarh Battalion. He organised an army with the assistance of nearby zamindars including Pandey Ganpat Rai, Tikait Umrao Singh, Sheikh Bhikhari, Jaimangal Singh, and Nadir Ali Khan. He fought against an East India Company force in the Battle of Chatra but was defeated. Jagatpal Singh, King of Pithoria, helped the British to defeat the rebels. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo was captured and hanged in Ranchi along with other rebels in April 1858. Later Barkagarh estate was confiscated for rebellion against Company rule.[33][34]
The Nagvanshi rulers shifted their capital from Palkot to
Branches
Following are the states and estates established by Nagvanshi princes:
- Barkagarh estate of Satrangi (now in Ranchi)
- Khairagarh State of Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district, Chhattisgarh
- Kalahandi State of Kalahandi, Odisha
- Nilgiri State of Nilagiri, Baleswar, Odisha
- Jariagarh Estate of Khunti district[36]
Post-independence
In modern period, Nagvanshi are divided into two subgroups namely Rajdariya, the descendants of the royal family, and Lohardagiya, the inhabitants of Lohardaga district. They have only one gotra Kashyap. Nagvanshi practice exogamy and establish relationships with other royal families. Nagvanshi use Shahdeo as their surname. They speak Nagpuri language and Hindi with others. They are non-vegetarian and eat rice, wheat and pulses.[18]
Rulers
Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to "Nag Vanshavali" (1876) written by Beniram Mehta during reign of Jagannath Shah Deo and book "Nagvansh" (1951) written by Lal Pradumn Singh during reign of Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo. There is considerable disagreement among historians about chronology of various kings and its authenticity. 57th Nagvanshi king Dripnath Shah (c. 1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to the Governor General of India in 1787.[4]
Raja
- Raja Phani Mukut Rai
- Raja Mukut Rai
- Raja Ghat Rai
- Raja Madan Rai
- Raja Pratap Rai
- Raja Kandrap Rai
- Raja Udaimani Rai
- Raja Jaimani Rai
- Raja Srimani Rai
- Raja Phani Rai
- Raja Gendu Rai
- Raja Hari Rai
- Raja Gajraj Rai
- Raja Sundar Rai
- Raja Mukund Rai
- Raja Udai Rai
- Raja Kanchan Rai
- Raja Magan Rai
- Raja Jagan Rai
- Raja Mohan Rai
- Raja Gajdant Rai
- Raja Gajghat Rai (9th century)
- Raja Chandan Rai
- Raja Anand Rai
- Raja Sripati Rai
- Raja Jaganand Rai
- Raja Nripendra Rai
- Raja Gandharva Rai
- Raja Bhim Karn(12th century)
- Raja Jash Karn
- Raja Jai Karn
- Raja Go Karn
- Raja Hari Karn
- Raja Shiv Karn
- Raja Benu Karn
- Raja Phenu Karn
- Raja Tihuli Karn
- Raja Shivdas Karn (14th century)
- Raja Udai Karn
- Raja Pritvi Karn
- Raja Pratap Karn (15th century)
- Raja Chhatra Karn
- Raja Virat Karn
- Raja Sindhu Karn
- Raja Madhu Karn Shah (16th century)
- Raja Bairisal
- Raja Durjan Shah (17th century)
- Raja Deo Shah
- Raja Ram Shah (1640-1663)
- Raja Raghunath Shah (1663–1690)
- Raja Yadunath Shah (1690–1724)
- Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
- Raja Udainath Shah (1733-1740)
- Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
- Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
- Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
- Raja Dripnath Shah (1762–1790)
- Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)
Maharaja
- Maharaja Govind Nath Shah (1806–1822)
- Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1869)
- Maharaja Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo (1869/72–1950)
- Maharaja Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1950–1952)
Notable people
- Ani Nath Shahdeo, King of Barkagarh
- Vishwanath Shahdeo – Freedom fighter in 1857 rebellion
- Lal Pingley Nath Shahdeo – Jurist and political activist
- Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo – Lawyer, writer and political activist
- Lal Vijay Shahdeo – Film and television director
- Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo – Prince and politician
See also
References
- ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5.
- ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ a b "Archaeologists uncover remains of ancient empire in Jharkhand". oneindia. 11 May 2009.
- ^ a b c "The Nagbanshis And The Cheros". archive.org.
- ^ "Khairagarh". 1939.
- ^ "Ranchi bids tearful farewell to last Maharaja". dailypioneer. 12 July 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-00-065152-2.
- ISBN 8176252999.
- ISBN 978-8-12881-174-6.
- ^ a b c "Nagpuri Shist Sahitya". Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Sanjay Nath (2015). "Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton": 8. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ ISBN 978-1-351-61186-2.
- ^ "The Lost Kingdom of Navratangarh". IndiaMike.com. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ^ "Navratangarh: Lost Kingdom of the Nagvanshis". livehistoryindia. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ ISBN 9789390101160.
- ^ "History". gumla.nic.com.
- ISBN 978-9353228651.
- ^ ISBN 9788185579092.
- ^ "Of caste & cultural imposition". powerpolitics. 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "800 years come alive in Pithoria's relics - Archaeological explorations in two hamlets yield artefacts from 12th Century to colonial times". telegraphindia. 8 September 2010.
- ^ "Hapamuni". gumla.nic.in. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "1100 years old Maa Mahamaya Temple is located in Gumla district, know what is the story behind its establishment". newsncr. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ Ambrish Gautam (2017). "Chota Nagpur – An Untold History: A Socio-Historical Analysis". academia.edu. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
- ^ Jharkhand Encyclopedia Hulgulanon Ki Partidhwaniyan-1. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Eye on Nagvanshi remains – Culture department dreams of another Hampi at Gumla heritage site". telegraphindia. 7 May 2009.
- ^ "Ancient capital to open for visitors – Caves & temples at Sutiambe to offer peek into history". telegraphindia. 4 September 2008.
- ISBN 9789351867982. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ Sarat Chandra Roy. "Munda and their country". Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Journal of Historical Research, Volume 43. Department of History, Ranchi University. 2003. p. 89.
- ^ "Navratangarh: Lost Kingdom of the Nagvanshis". livehistoryindia. 27 April 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ "Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry". telegraphindia. 5 November 2012.
- ISBN 9781000651522.
- JSTOR 44143953.
- ISBN 978-81-8069-686-2.
- ^ "Animal sacrifice alive at Ratu Fort". telegraphindia. 23 September 2009.
- ^ "जरिया गढ़ राजपरिवार ने की परम्परा निर्वहन के लिए योजना बैठक". swadeshtoday. 5 September 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2022.