New World Queen Anne Revival architecture
In the New World, Queen Anne Revival[1] was a historicist architectural style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was popular in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries. In Australia, it is also called Federation architecture.
United States
In the United States, Queen Anne Revival architecture was popular from roughly 1880 to 1910.[2] "Queen Anne" was one of a number of popular architectural styles to emerge during the Victorian era. Within the Victorian era timeline, Queen Anne style followed the Stick style and preceded the Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle styles.
The style bears almost no relationship to the
Features
Queen Anne style buildings in America came into vogue in the 1880s, replacing the French-derived
Distinctive features of the American Queen Anne style may include:
- asymmetricalfaçade
- dominant front-facing gable, often cantilevered beyond the plane of the wall below
- overhanging eaves
- round, square, or polygonaltowers
- shaped and Dutch gables
- a porch covering part or all of the front façade, including the primary entrance area
- a second-story porch or balconies
- pedimented porches
- differing wall textures, such as patterned wood shingles shaped into varying designs, including resembling fish scales, terra cotta tiles, reliefpanels, or wooden shingles over brickwork, etc.
- dentils
- classical columns
- spindle work
- oriel and bay windows
- horizontal bands of leaded windows
- monumental chimneys
- painted balustrades
- wooden or slate roofs
- front gardens with wooden fences[3]
The
Queen Anne cottage
Smaller and somewhat plainer houses can also be Queen Anne. The William G. Harrison House is an example, built in 1904 in rural Nashville, Georgia. Characteristics of the Queen Anne cottage style are:
- frame house typically one-story (although there may be a finished attic or garret for a second floor)
- wrap-around porch with turned posts, decorative brackets, and spindlework
- square layout with projecting gables to front and side
- pyramidal or hipped roof reflecting pyramidal massing
- rooms are asymmetrical and there is no central hallway
- interior-located chimneys
- interior detailing, such as door surrounds, window surrounds, mantels
- built in 1880s and 1890s for middle class in both urban and rural areas, with popularity in rural areas continuing into early 1900s.[6][7]
Shingle style
The Shingle style in America was made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the
The Shingle style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle-style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Many of the concepts of the Shingle style were adopted by
Canada
Australia
In Australia, the Queen Anne style was absorbed into the Federation style, which was, broadly speaking, the Australian equivalent of the
The first Queen Anne house in Australia was
Caerleon was followed soon after by West Maling, in the suburb of Penshurst, New South Wales,[12] and Annesbury, in the suburb of Ashfield, New South Wales, both built circa 1888. These houses, although built around the same time, had distinct styles, West Maling displaying a strong Tudor influence that was not present in Annesbury. The style soon became increasingly popular, appealing predominantly to reasonably well-off people with an "Establishment" leaning.[13]
The style as it developed in Australia was highly eclectic, blending Queen Anne elements with various Australian influences. Old English characteristics like ribbed chimneys and gabled roofs were combined with Australian elements like encircling verandahs, designed to keep the sun out. One outstanding example of this eclectic approach is
Argentina
Examples include the Villa Ocampo (1891) in San Isidro, Buenos Aires; and the Pando-Carabassa House (1900), in Pilar, Buenos Aires.
See also
References
- ^ "Queen Anne Revival | architecture | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ McAlester, Virginia & Lee, A Field Guide to American Houses, Alfred H. Knopf, New York, 1984, pp. 262–287.
- ^ "Queen Anne Style". buffaloah.com. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ The New York House and School of Industry was absorbed in 1951 by Greenwich House, a more extensive privately funded social services agency.
- ^ Christopher Gray, "Streetscapes: The New York House and School of Industry; Where the Poor Learned 'Plain and Fine Sewing'", The New York Times, September 6, 1987 Accessed 19 August 2008.
- ^ Sharp, Leslie N. (December 21, 1994). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: William G. Harrison House / Eulalie Taylor House". National Park Service. Retrieved August 23, 2016. with 10 photos (see photo captions in text document).
- ^ Cloues, Richard (2006). "House types". New Georgia Encyclopedia. (summarizes from 1991 Georgia's Living Places: Historic Houses in Their Landscaped Settings.)
- ^ A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture, Apperly (Angus and Robertson) 1994, p.132.
- ^ A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture, p.132.
- ^ The Federation House, Hugh Fraser (New Holland) 2002, p. 24.
- ^ Sydney Architecture, Graham Jahn (Watermark Press) 1997, p. 62.
- ^ Heritage branch | NSW Environment & Heritage.
- ^ The Federation House, p. 22.
External links
- Media related to Queen Anne Revival architecture at Wikimedia Commons