Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor

Coordinates: 33°39′13″N 73°15′30″E / 33.65361°N 73.25833°E / 33.65361; 73.25833
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor
Cladding Material
Aluminium Alloy

The Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor or (PARR) are two

PINSTECH Laboratory, Nilore, Islamabad
, Pakistan.

In addition a reprocessing facility referred to as New Labs also exists for nuclear weapons research and production.

The first nuclear reactor was supplied and financially constructed by the Government of United States of America in the mid 1960s. The other reactor and reprocessing facility are built and supplied by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) in the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. Supervised by the United States and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the first two reactors are subject to IAEA safeguards and its inspections.[1]

History of PARR-Reactors

See also:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology

The PARR-I Reactor was supplied by the United States government in 1965 under the

nuclear engineer Peter Karter.[2]

In the first stage, reactor building and ancillary facilities were completed with the reactor becoming critical on 21 December 1965. The second stage, consisting of various laboratories, workshop, library and auditorium, became operational in 1974. The facility was last upgraded by PAEC chairman and noted

nuclear scientist, Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan
in 1989.

PARR-I Reactor

The PARR-I Reactor was the first reactor that was supplied by American Machine and Foundry. Peter Karter had personally supervised the construction of the reactor. The PARR-I is a

MW.[3] The first reactor went critical on 21 December 1965 under the supervision of Hafeez Qureshi, Dr. M. N. Qazi, Naeem Ahmad Khan and Saleem Rana
.

The PARR-I Reactor attained its full

U
in October 1991 The nuclear fuel conversion program was led by the PAEC chairman Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan. The reactor was also upgraded from the power level of 5 MW to 10 MW.[4]

The program was carried out to meet demands of

Ishfaq Ahmad and Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi, and attained power level of 10 MW on 7 May 1992. The core configuration attained its equilibrium configuration in February 1995.[5]

PARR-II Reactor

The PARR-II Reactor is an

reactor core is reflected by metallic Be
4.

A PARR-II consists of a core reactor,

nuclear accelerator on 9 April 1989. The particle accelerator
is heavily used to conduct research in nuclear technology.

New Labs

Unlike the PARR-I and PARR-II the New Labs is not subject to

Kr emissions and radiation.[9] It is also a reprocessing plant to change <~7% 239Pu into <~7% weapon-grade 240Pu fuel.[10] New Labs were designed and constructed indigenously by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) under its chairman Munir Ahmad Khan whereas it project-director was a mechanical engineer, Chaudhry Abdul Majeed
. The construction of the facility was led by NESPAK.

In the 1960s PAEC contracted the project with

Operation Smiling Buddha
nuclear test, both British and French consumer companies immediately cancelled their contracts with PAEC.

The plant was completed in 1981 and cold reprocessing tests for producing plutonium took place at New Labs in 1986. The New Labs came into limelight when Pakistan had secretly tested its plutonium weapon-based nuclear device in

kt
.

Charged Particle Accelerator

In early 1983, Pakistani nuclear physicist

molecular ions. The accelerator's energy range is highly flexible and ions between 50 and 250 keV can be delivered to a target of dimensions ranging from few mm to many cm.[12]

The particle facility is designed to implantation of 42+

oxidation is inhibited by suitable ions such as 5+B,20+Ca into metals. The PINSTECH accelerator can be used by mutual arrangement between PINSTECH and industry or any other organisations.[12]

Fast-Neutron Generator

See also:
D-T reaction

In 1961, the

United States Government led the establishment of ICF-based Fusion power experimental source near at Nilore, before the establishment of PINSTECH Institute.[13] The neutron generator was bought by the PAEC from Texas A&M Nuclear Science Center.[13] The facility is capable of producing mono-energetic neutrons at 3.5–14.7MeV from deuterium-tritium reaction generated by the Fusion power.[13] This fusion experimental devices has capability to capture the low neutron flux on the order of 105 to 108 neutrons per cm2 per second, resulting in nucleosynthesis by the s-process (slow-neutron-capture-process).[13] It is designed and planned to do fast neutron activation for elements such as oxygen and nitrogen as well as some rare earth isotopes.[13]

References

  1. google docs
    )    .
  2. ^ Mastermind of the MRF Logsdon, Gene. BioCycle. Emmaus: April 1993. Vol. 34, Iss. 4; pg. 49, ff.
  3. ^ Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH); Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. "Pakistan Research Reactor-I" (PDF). PINSTECH, HEC, PAEC. HEC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
  4. ^ "PERFORMANCE OF PARR-1 WITH LEU FUEL". www.rertr.anl.gov. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  5. ^ "PARR-I Program Crticallity" (PDF). 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
  6. ^ "History -- PINSTECH". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  7. PINSTECH
    and HEC. Higher Education Commission.
  8. S2CID 99794444
    .
  9. ^ Albright, David (1 June 1998), Technical Assessment: Pakistan's Efforts to Obtain Unsafeguarded Plutonium are Nearing Fruition
  10. ^ "Rawalpindi New Labs - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities". nuke.fas.org. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  11. ^ How Pakistan Made Nuclear Fuel" by Munir Ahmad Khan, former chairperson of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Islamabad The Nation 7 February 1998, page 7
  12. ^ a b "-- Facilities -- PINSTECH". Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e Fast Neutron Physics Group (FNPG). "Fast Neutron Generator". PINSTECH Institute's Media Research Cell (Note: For more information click on Physics Research Division.). Atomic and Nuclear Radiation Group (ANR Group). Archived from the original on 19 June 2006.

External links

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