Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
ماموریہ جوہری توانائی پاکستان | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1956 |
Headquarters | Islamabad, Pakistan |
Employees | 120,000–130,000[1] |
Annual budget | Classified |
Agency executive |
|
Parent agency | National Command Authority (NCA) |
Website | http://www.paec.gov.pk/ |
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) (Urdu: ماموریہ جوہری توانائی پاکستان) is a federally funded independent governmental agency, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful use of nuclear technology.[2][3]
Since its establishment in 1956, the PAEC has overseen the extensive development of nuclear infrastructure to support the economical uplift of Pakistan by founding institutions that focus on development on food irradiation and on nuclear medicine radiation therapy for cancer treatment.[4][5] The PAEC organizes conferences and directs research at the country's leading universities.[6] Since the 1960s, the PAEC has also been a scientific research partner and sponsor of the
Until 2001, the PAEC was the civilian federal oversight agency that manifested the control of
Overview
Early history
Following the
The establishment of the
In 1958, PAEC Chairman Nazir Ahmad proposed to the
After India's decisive victory in the
Following nuclear tests by India earlier in the month, on 28 May 1998, PAEC led the final preparations and conducted Pakistan's first nuclear tests (Codename: Chagai-I), which was followed by Chagai-II in Kharan Desert on 30 May 1998. In 2001, the PAEC's research was focused back onto civilian and peaceful research with the establishment of the National Command Authority and the Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority.[18]
Research and education
Since its establishment in 1956, the PAEC has provided a conspicuous example of the benefits of
In 1960, the PAEC established its regional atomic research centre in Lahore, and a metallurgy centre in Karachi in 1963.[22] Another energy centre was located in Dhaka where many scientists were educated.[22] In 1967, the PAEC founded the Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences which became one of the primary technical universities of the country. Many of the PAEC's scientists and engineers served in its faculty.[22] The PAEC supports its university-level physics program at the Government College University, Lahore where it awards fellowships to the students. The PAEC continues to promotes its program as "peaceful uses of atomic energy commenced for the benefit the scientific community as well as public."[23]
About its promotion of education, senior scientist,
As the emphasis shifted towards concerns for national security interests, the PAEC's important projects were also initiated in this area.[18] Many notable scientists with international prestige have worked and affiliated with the PAEC.[18]
PAEC also provided useful services in Pakistan like free religious and science education for more than 2000 poor children, Empowering Pakistani women by giving them basic education especially in suburbs by Hunarga [vocational training centers].PAEC has also established centers of retired employ welfare [CREW] in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi facilitate problem solving and meetings.
Studies on expansion of nuclear power
PAEC is held responsible for design preparation and proper operational function of Pakistan's
Under this policy, the
Constituent institutions
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- National Agricultural Research Centre
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy
- National Centre for Physics
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)
- Center for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (CENAR)
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI)
PAEC partnership with CERN
Pakistan has a long history of participating in experiments and research undertakings with
In 2005, CERN awarded PAEC with the ATLAS Supplier Award in 2005, in connection with manufacturing and fabrication of various equipment for CERN.[31]
On 27 June 2011, PAEC and CERN reached an agreement for extending the technical cooperation with CERN's upcoming programmes.
With the efforts led by the PAEC, CERN made Pakistan an associate member, on 22 June 2014— the first Asian country and the second Muslim country after Turkey.[32]
PAEC contribution to Compact Muon Solenoid
In 1997 PAEC chairman
For the CMS, the PAEC built magnetic feet and installed 320 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), as well as contributing to CMS computing. Several other mechanical components for ATLAS and for the LHC were also built by the PAEC.
PAEC support to Large Hadron Collider
In 2000, CERN signed another agreement which doubled the Pakistani contribution from one to two million Swiss francs. And with this new agreement Pakistan started construction of the resistive plate chambers required for the CMS muon system. While more recently, a protocol has been signed enhancing Pakistan's total contribution to the LHC programme to $10 million. Pakistan with all these efforts is already hoping to become an observer state at CERN.[29][30] In 2006 PAEC and CERN agreed on expanded cooperation, including contributions by PAEC valued at 5 million Swiss francs.[34]
World's largest particle accelerator at CERN
The PAEC, partnered with Pakistan's leading universities, sent a large team of scientists and engineers to CERN to participate in the Large Hadron Collider on 10 September 2008.[35] According to the news sources, the team of Pakistani scientists were keenly involved in the development of the Large Hadron Collider— the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator.[35]
The data of the experiment was available for the Pakistani scientists who would examine the data and results would be accumulated afterwards by them.[36]
PAEC chairs
Order | Individual authority | Term start | Termination | Alma mater |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nazir Ahmed | 11 March 1956 | 21 May 1960 | University of Cambridge Aligarh Muslim University |
2 | Ishrat Hussain Usmani | 15 July 1960 | 10 January 1972 | Imperial College London Aligarh Muslim University |
3 | Munir Ahmad Khan | 20 January 1972 | 19 March 1991 | North Carolina State University University of the Punjab |
4 | Ishfaq Ahmad Khan | 7 April 1991 | 6 April 2001 | Université de Montréal University of the Punjab |
5 | Parvez Butt | 29 December 2001 | 5 April 2006 | University of Toronto University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore |
6 | Anwar Ali
|
1 May 2006 | 31 March 2009 | University of Manchester Government College University, Lahore |
7 | Ansar Pervaiz | 7 April 2009 | 5 April 2015 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Quaid-i-Azam University |
8 | Muhammad Naeem | 6 April 2015 | 5 April 2022 | Government College University, Lahore |
9 | Raja Ali Raza Anwer | 6 April 2022 | Present | University of Manchester |
Awards
On June 26, 2021, 4 scientists of the PAEC were awarded the Team Achievement Award and another scientist was awarded the Young Scientist Award for work in plant mutation breeding and related technologies.[37] These awards were bestowed in recognition of Pakistan's advancements in the application of nuclear technology for achieving the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals.[38] The awards were jointly awarded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization.[39]
Corporate management
The PAEC is chaired by the person appointed by the Government of Pakistan as the governmental notification is released.[40] The PAEC's corporate management is organized by the Government of Pakistan who awarded contracts to the potential candidates.[40] Its full-time members consist of the appointed Chair; a finance member; and two technical members.[40] Its part-time members are composed of the senior scientists and a chief scientific adviser to the government.[40]
- Full Time Ex-officios
- Chairman— Chair (or CEO) of the PAEC.[40]
- Finance Member— A civil servant from the Ministry of Finance (MoF).[40]
- Technical members— one from Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) and one from Pakistan Administrative Service.[40]
- Disaster Recovery members— one from Pakistan Healthcare Council and one from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences.[40]
- Part-Time Ex-officios
- Senior scientist— A scientist in the services of the Ministry of Science (MoST).[40]
- Senior Engineer—An engineer in the services of the Government of Pakistan.[40]
- Science Adviser to the Government of Pakistan.[40]
The PAEC's corporate team are constitutionally bound to meet not less than four times every year for the execution of development projects involving
Individual figures and authority | Official designation | Term mandate |
---|---|---|
Dr. Raja Ali Raza Anwer | Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission | Chairman |
Mr. Muhammad Arshad | Member, PAEC | Member (Technical) |
Mr. Arshad Ali Farooqi | Member, PAEC | Member (Fuel Cycle) |
Mr. Saeed Ur Rehman | Member, PAEC | Member (Power) |
Mr. Khalid Bin Sagheer | Member, PAEC | Member (System) |
Mr. Shehzad Hasan | Finance Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Pakistan) | Member (Finance) |
Dr. Masood Iqbal | Member, PAEC | Member (Science) |
Mr. Abrar Ali | Member, PAEC | Member (Engineering) |
Maj. Gen. (R) Mushtaq Ahmed Faisal | Member, PAEC | Member (Administration) |
Mr. Syed Farman Hussain | Member, PAEC | Member (Material) |
Corporate spin-off
Since 1990, the PAEC has spun off multiple organization, some being partial subsidiaries or where PAEC had minority interests in past.
- National Engineering & Scientific Commission
- National Defence Complex
- Maritime Technologies Complex
- Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
See also
- Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
- Science and technology in Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology(PINSTECH)
- Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission(SUPARCO)
References
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- ^ Tahir, Abdul Ghaffar. "IAEA presentation on nuclear power by PAEC" (PDF). IAEA publications, PAEC direct. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ ASO. "Nuclear Power in Pakistan". Australian Safeguards Office. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "Biomedical engineering at PAEC". PAEC Medical Division. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "Agriculture and Biotechnology". PAEC BIO Division. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "PAEC and Summer College on Physics". International Nathiagali Summer College. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission.
- ^ Ahmad, DSc, Ishfaq (5 October 2003). "CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective". Switzerland: CERN Courier. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ Editorial (30 September 2014). "Pakistan and CERN". Express Tribune, 2014. Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ ISPR release (5 September 2013). "National Command Authority". Director-General of the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-1134132546. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ISBN 0709931018. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "NTI archives: 1953-71" (PDF). United States.: Nuclear Threat Initiatives (NTI). p. 234. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ Ryerson University. Dr. Aqeel Khan of the Ryerson University and the Ryerson University Press. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
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- ^ "Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission". SCIENCE, Pakistan. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ Khan, Shahid Riaz (May 2013). "Investment in Research" (PDF). PakAtom. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ a b INSC. "International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics & Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Pakistan". International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics & Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Pakistan. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ PakistanToday. "PAEC to generate 8800MW electricity by 2030 | Pakistan Today". Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ PAEC Nuclear Power. "Nuclear Power". PAEC Nuclear Power. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Ahmad, Ishfaq (6 October 2003). "CERN Courier: CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective" (HTTP). CERN Courier. cerncourier.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "paki.in". www77.paki.in.
- ^ a b c "Pakistan and CERN signed agreement for Technical Cooperation". PAEC Public Relations and International Press Directorate. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission's International Relations Directorate. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original (HTTP) on 9 June 2010.
- ^ From the Newspaper, AFP (22 June 2014). "Pakistan granted Cern's associate membership". Dawn Newspapers, 2014. Dawn Newspapers. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ a b "Pakistan and CERN". Pakistan and CERN. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "2006 Protocol on CERN-PAEC cooperation" (PDF).
- ^ a b "27 Pakistani Scientists working on CERN's LHC "Big Bang" Experiments". LahoreTech News. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ APP (16 September 2008). "27 Pakistani scientists took part in 'Big Bang' experiment". Associate Press of Pakistan, 16 September 2008. Associate Press of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ Dawn.com (24 June 2021). "IAEA awards Pakistani nuclear institution, scientists". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ^ "Pakistani nuclear scientists win international awards". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ "Pakistani nuclear scientists, institution bag int'l awards". The Express Tribune. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
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- ^ DAWN (24 April 2015). "Mohammad Naeem appointed PAEC chairman".
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