Palden Lhamo
Palden Lhamo ("Glorious Goddess",
Palden Lhamo is the special dharmapala of the Dalai Lamas, while the three protectors of his Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism are Yamaraja, Vaisravana, and Mahakala. [5] She is the wrathful deity considered to be the principal protectress of Tibet.
Palden Lhamo appears in the retinue of the Obstacle-Removing Mahakala, either as an independent figure[1] or associated to Ekajati,[6] and has been described as "the tutelary deity of Tibet and its government",[7] and as "celebrated all over Tibet and Mongolia, and the potent protector of the Dalai and Panchen Lamas and Lhasa."[8]
Origins
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Palden Lhamo means "Glorious Goddess" and can feature a wide range of wrathful female protectors and dakinis. Usually, Palden Lhamo refers to the Gelugpa version of her as a wrathful emanation of Chamunda, a wrathful emanation of the goddess Kali.
Magzor Gyalmo was said to be named Remati during the time she was married to the evil king of Lanka, both of them rakshasas according to one version.[9] Remati vowed that if she failed to convert the king to Buddhism and dispel his wickedness, she would end his dynasty. She tried many times to convert him to avoid the killing of dharma practitioners but failed along with their son being raised to kill Buddhists. With no choice, she slaughtered her son while her husband was out hunting. She ate her son's flesh, drank his blood with his skull as a kapala or cup, and flayed his skin to make a saddle.[10]
She escaped out towards the north. Just as she left on a mule, the king returned and found out about his son's murder. Enraged, he shot the rump of the mule that Remati was riding. In response, Remati healed the wound and transformed it into an eye by stating, "May the wound of my mount become an eye large enough to watch over the twenty-four regions, and may I myself be the one to extirpate the lineage of the malignant kings of Lanka!".[11] There, she traveled onwards through India to Tibet to China to Mongolia and was said to have finally settled down on the mountain, Oikhan in eastern Siberia.
When she died, she was reborn in hell and fought her way out of hell, stealing a bag of diseases and a sword. When she escaped to the charnel grounds, she found no peace and prayed to the Buddha for a reason to live. The Buddha Vajradhara (tantric Shakyamuni) appeared before her and requested her to protect the dharma. Astonished, Remati agreed and thus arose as the dharmapala she is, only using her weapons against enemies of Buddhism.[12] She was also appointed as a guardian of dharma by Yama, lord of death.[9] Her retinue consists of the lion-headed dakini Simhamukha (Sengdongma) behind her and the Makara-headed dakini Makaravaktra holding the reins of the mule in front of Palden Lhamo. Surrounding them are the 4 Goddesses of the Seasons, the 5 Sisters of Long Life, and the 12 Tenma goddesses.
Palden Lhamo and the lake Lhamo La-tso
Palden Lhamo, as the female guardian spirit of the
The particular form of Palden Lhamo at Lhamo La-tso is Gyelmo Makzor Ma (Wylie: rgyal mo dmag zor ma "Queen Torma Mother") or Machik Pellha Zhiwé Nyamchen (Wylie: ma gcig dpal lha zhi ba'i nyams can "Pacified Expression of the Common Wife Palden Lhamo"), an unusually peaceful form of Palden Lhamo.[14] The lake is sometimes referred to as "Palden Lhamo Kalidevi", indicating that she is an emanation of the goddess Kali.[3]
The mountain to the south of Chokorgyel Monastery is the "blue" residence of Palden Lhamo, on which a sky burial site is located.[15] The monastery was originally built in a triangular form to reflect the symbolism of its position at the confluence of three rivers and surrounded by three mountains and also represents the conjunction of the three elements of water, earth and fire, as well as the female principle of Palden Lhamo in the symbolic form of an inverted triangle.[16]
Traditional accounts
It is said that, during the reign of
Description
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She is the only female among the traditional 'Eight Guardians of the Law' and is usually depicted as deep blue in colour and with red hair to symbolise her wrathful nature, crossing a sea of blood riding side-saddle on a white mule. The mule has an eye on its left rump where her angry husband's arrow hit it after she killed her son, who was destined, and being raised to be the one to finally put an end to Buddhism, and used his skin as a saddle blanket. She has three eyes and is often shown drinking blood from a human skull.[citation needed]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0691157863.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 978-9004102903.
- ^ ISBN 0-7102-1370-0(pbk).
- ^ a b https://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=164 Shri Devi Main Page at Himalayan Art Resources
- ^ https://tricycle.org/magazine/real-or-pretend/ Are deities real or pretend?
- ISBN 9781932476019.
- ^ "The Boneless Tongue: Alternative Voices from Bhutan in the Context of Lamaist Societies". Michael Aris. Past and Present, No. 115 (May, 1987), p. 141.
- ^ Schram, Louis M. J. (1957). "The Mongours of the Kannsu-Tibetan Border: Part II. Their Religious Life." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series, Vol. 47, No. 1, (1957), p. 21.
- ^ ISBN 9788441419452.
- ^ "Palden Lhamo". www.khandro.net.
- ^ "Palden Lhamo". www.khandro.net.
- ISBN 9781641231039.
- ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
- ISBN 0-7102-1370-0(pbk).
- ISBN 0-7102-1370-0(pbk).
- ISBN 0-7102-1370-0(pbk).
- ISBN 1-55939-048-4.
External links
- Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Palden Lhamo (see index)
- Palden Lhamo
- Images of Shri Devi at Himalayan Art