Peroz I Kushanshah
Peroz I Kushanshah | |
---|---|
Kushanshah of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom | |
Reign | 245–275 |
Predecessor | Ardashir I Kushanshah |
Successor | Hormizd I Kushanshah |
Died | 275 |
Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Peroz I Kushanshah (
Peroz I Kushanshah was succeeded by Hormizd I Kushanshah in 275.
Name
"Peroz" is a
Reign
"Kushano-Sasanian" is a historiographic term used by modern scholars when referring to a dynasty of monarchs who supplanted the Kushan Empire in the Bactria region, and ultimately in both Kabulistan and Gandhara as well.[3] According to the historian Khodadad Rezakhani, the dynasty was seemingly a young branch of the House of Sasan, and perhaps an offspring of one of the Sasanian King of Kings.[3] It was founded by Ardashir I Kushanshah (r. 230–245) after his appointment by the first Sasanian King of Kings, Ardashir I (r. 224–242).[4][5] The Kushano-Sasanians, in the same manner as the Kushans, used the title of Kushanshah ("Kushan King"), thus demonstrating a continuum with their predecessors.[3] Peroz became Kushanshah in 245.[6]
Sasanian-style coinage
Like his predecessor Ardashir I Kushanshah, Peroz is called the "Great Kushan King" and "Mazdean (
Kushan-style coinage
Peroz's reign marked a shift in Kushano-Sasanian coinage, which came to closely resemble the coinage of the Kushan emperors.
The visual aspect of this new coin type was almost identical to those of the Kushans, albeit with specific adjustments.
The reverse has a Kushan-style representation of the Kushan god
Apart from minting coins in the Kushano-Sasanian main base of Bactria, Peroz also had coins minted in Gandhara and
The Ka'ba-ye Zartosht inscription
It was during Peroz's reign—in c. 262—that the Sasanian King of Kings Shapur I (r. 240–270) carved the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht inscription.[16] On the inscription, Shapur I proclaimed himself as the suzerain of several regions, including that of the Kushano-Sasanians:
...I, the Mazda-worshipping lord, Shapur, king of kings of Iran and An-Iran… (I) am the Master of the Domain of Iran (Ērānšahr) and possess the territory of Pars, Parthia… Hindestan, the Domain of the Kushan up to the limits of Peshawar and up to Kash, Sogdia, and Chachestan.[17][c]
Nevertheless, according to Rezakhani, the Kushano-Sasanians appear to have been too strong to have been plainly Sasanian governors, and their existence "may well reflect an early Sasanian continuation of the Arsacid imperial setting, acting as an allied, but autonomous, cadet branch of the Sasanian royal house".[18] According to the historian Richard Payne, "the Kushano–Sasanian sub-kingdom ruled from Balkh on behalf of the Sasanian kings of kings".[19] In 275, Peroz was succeeded by Hormizd I Kushanshah, a son of the King of Kings Bahram I (r. 271–274).[20]
Notes
- ^ A similar reading on a coin of Ardashir I Kushanshah is given as mzdysn bgy arthštr RBA kwšan MLK "The Mazda-worshipping lord Ardashir the Great Kushan Shah" in Rezakhani, 2017, p.134 [10]
- ^ Also has been tranliterated as "Mazdesn bage Pérôze vazurg Kūsán Šáh (the Mazda-worshipping lord Péróz Great Kushān King') [11]
- ^ For the full context of the inscription, see Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht.
References
- ^ Cribb 2010, p. 98.
- ^ a b Rezakhani 2017, p. 78.
- ^ a b c Rezakhani 2017, p. 72.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, pp. 72–74, 77.
- ^ Wiesehöfer 1986, pp. 371–376.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, pp. 77–78.
- ^ a b c Vaissière 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Rezakhani 2017, p. 80.
- ^ Rypka & Jahn 1968, p. 33.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, p. 134.
- ^ Sastri 1957, p. 246.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cribb 2018, p. 98.
- ^ a b Rezakhani 2017, p. 81.
- ^ Daryaee & Rezakhani 2017, p. 204.
- ^ Cribb 2018, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Rapp 2014, p. 28.
- ^ Daryaee & Rezakhani 2017, p. 203.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, p. 73.
- ^ Payne 2016, p. 6.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, pp. 81–82.
Sources
- ISBN 978-1-78491-855-2.
- Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
- Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "The Sasanian Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE). UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236. ISBN 978-0-692-86440-1.
- Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. S2CID 156673274.
- Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-2552-2.
- Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "East Iran in Late Antiquity". ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. )
- Rypka, Jan; Jahn, Karl (1968). History of Iranian literature. D. Reidel. ISBN 9789401034791.
- Sastri, Nilakanta (1957). A Comprehensive History of India: The Mauryas & Satavahanas. Orient Longmans. p. 246. ISBN 9788170070030.
- Vaissière, Étienne de La (2016). "Kushanshahs i. History". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Wiesehöfer, Joseph (1986). "Ardašīr I i. History". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4. pp. 371–376.