Varahran Kushanshah
| Varahran Kushanshah | |
|---|---|
Kidarite tamgha was introduced. | |
| Kushanshah of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom | |
| Reign | 330–365 |
| Predecessor | Peroz II Kushanshah |
| Successor | Kidara I (Kidarites) |
| Died | 365 |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Bahram Kushanshah (also spelled Varahran), was the last Kushanshah of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 330 to 365. He was the successor of Peroz II Kushanshah.
Name
His
Reign
Unlike his immediate predecessors, Varahran's domains only included
Varahran Kushanshah wears a distinctive crown on his coinage, which is flat-topped with a crown ball and
Traditionally, these variations in the coin types of Varahran, especially the modifications of the symbols and the figure of the ruler on the obverse while maintaining the regnal legend with the name "Varahran", were explained by supposing the existence of additional rulers named Varahran, such as a "Varahran II Kushanshah" or a "Varahran III Kushanshah".[11] According to modern scholarship however, there was only one Varahran, whose coinage went under several phases under the authority of the Kidarite rulers Kirada, Peroz and Kidara.[11]
By 365, the
References
- ^ Wiesehöfer 2018, pp. 193–194.
- ^ a b Rezakhani 2017, p. 83.
- ^ a b Vaissière 2016.
- ^ a b c Cribb 2010, p. 109.
- ^ a b Cribb 2010, p. 99.
- ^ Cribb 2010, p. 123.
- ^ a b c d Cribb 2018, p. 23.
- ^ Cribb 2010, pp. 99, 109, 123.
- ^ Cribb & Donovan 2014, p. 4.
- ^ a b Cribb 1990, p. 158.
Sources
- ISBN 978-1-78491-855-2.
- Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
- Cribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.
- Cribb, Joe (1990). "Numismatic Evidence for Kushano-Sasanian Chronology". Studia Iranica. 19/2 (2). P. Geuthner: 151–193. .
The attribution of the Varahran coins between the first group and the Kidara coins has normally been explained by the creation of a Varahran (II) issuing the fourth group and (III) issuing the fifth group, with the first, second and third groups attributed to Varahran (I).
- Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "The Sasanian Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE). UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236. ISBN 978-0-692-86440-1.
- Multiple authors (1988). "Bahrām". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5. pp. 514–522.
- Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-2552-2.
- Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. S2CID 156673274.
- Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "East Iran in Late Antiquity". ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. )
- Vaissière, Étienne de La (2016). "Kushanshahs i. History". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.
