Ramgarh district
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Ramgarh district is one of the 24 districts in the
Ramgarh was made a district on 12 September 2007. It was carved out of erstwhile Hazaribagh District. Ramgarh lies at the heart of the Jharkhand state. It is a mining, industrial and cultural hub with the Maa Chhinnamasta Temple.[1] In 1670s, the king Dalel Singh shifted the capital of Ramgarh Raj to Ramgarh and named it after his father Ram Singh. The district of Ramgarh has been named after the town Ramgarh, its present headquarters.
Etymology
The word Ram is derived from Murram and Gadh is derived from Beluagadha. In Hazaribagh district, there is Sitagadha and Vishnugadha.[clarification needed] Thus, the name Ramgarh must have been derived by using syllables of these places.
History
Ancient history
Stone age: Along the river Damodar in Ramgarh, early Stone Age (Lower Paleolithic) tools[2] were found.
Mahajanapadas: The gigantic king
Maurya Empire: It is also said that entire Chhotanagpur was under sub-ordination of Ashoka the Great (c. 273 – c. 232 BC) so that in Buddha period.[clarification needed]
Buddhism and Jainism: It is certified by the symbolic relics of Buddha period in the temple of Gola. Probably in the 8th century BC. (3) Jain Trithankar was constructed in Parasnath.
Gupta Empire: King Samudragupta (c. 385 – c. 380 AD)[3] had invaded Eastern Deccan by passing through this area.
Medieval period
In Turk-Afghan period (1206-1526 AD.), Jharkhand the forest country was under subordination of ruler of that time. The
British regime
The power of obtaining reference from Ramgarh regime was given to East India Company by King Shah Alam II.
In 1771, Captain Comac was made Military Collector of Ramgarh District,[6] whose headquarters was in Chatra. The military district of Ramgarh contained Nagpur, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Giridih and Kodarma. At that the headquarters of Ramgarh Battalion[7] was Hazaribagh, whose commander was a European. The district name is often spelled "Ramghur" in English documents of the time.[8]
In 1811, Ramgarh Battalion was used for suppressing the
On 8 January 1856, Sheik Bhikari and Thakur Upraon Singh were hanged on a bunyan tree in Chhuttupalu valley. This valley is also known as lalki Ghaati and that bunyan tree is called Phansiyahi bore.[what language is this?]
Ramgarh Cantonment council was structured in 1941. There are two Army training centers, Sikh Regimental Centre (SRC) and Punjab Regimental Centre (PRC).
In March 1940, INC 53rd Session
At that time, under the leadership of Netajee Subhas Chandra Bose, a conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhsha Chandra Bose was seen as president of All India Forward Block and M.N. Roy was seen as leader of the radical democratic party.
Post-independence
After independence in 1947, the territory of the present-day Ramgarh district became a part of erstwhile Hazaribagh district. In 1952 Ramgarh Block was created and in 1991 Ramgarh Subdivision was formed. Sikh Regimental Centre was shifted from Merrut to Ramgarh Cantonment in 1976. On 12 September 2007, Ramgarh was made a district consisting of Ramgarh, Gola, Mandu and Patratu Block, taking the total count of districts in the state to 24.
On 13 September 2012, Ramgarh become the first district in the country where payment of government schemes like KCC and Indra Awash was done through UID[definition needed] or Aadhaar cards.
Administration
Ramgarh district consists of six blocks (or 'mandals'). These include Ramgarh, Gola, Mandu, Patratu, Chitarpur, and Dulmi blocks.[15]
Geography
Physiography
The district is a part of Chotanagpur plateau. Important physiographic regions
Barka Pahar (Marang Buru)[17] 1,049 m (3,442 ft) high above sea level located along the Ramgarh-Ranchi border is probably the highest peak, and it also separates the districts.
Soils and climate
There are mainly two types of soil, red soil and sand loam.[citation needed]
In terms of climate, the area lies in the sub-humid region of Chotanagpur Plateau and has a semi-extreme type of climate. The day temperature rises to around 40 °C (104 °F) during the summers and drops to around 10 °C (50 °F) during the winter.
The winter season broadly runs from November to February, the hot season from March to May, and the rainy season from June to October.[citation needed]
Forests and wildlife
The forest area of the district is 487.93 km2 (188.39 sq mi). The district is rich in flora and fauna. The government has planned a deer park in the district.[18] The park will come up on 25 acres (10 ha) on Gola-Muri Road in Gola block. 30 villages in the district are affected by elephants.[19]
Rivers and river basins
Damodar is the main river of the district and it also forms a major river basin, comprising a number of tributaries. Important amongst them are: Naikari, Bhervi or Bhera and Bokaro river.
In Hindu mythology and folklore Damodar is a Nad means Male River.[clarification needed]
Small rivers include the Hurhuri, Gomti, Barki, Kurum, Kochi, Sherbhuki, and Dhobdhab rivers.
Suwarn Rekha River flow south eastern part of district.[20][clarification needed] Tributaries of Suwarn Rekha River include Kadamgara and Khatgara.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 123,154 | — |
1911 | 134,733 | +0.90% |
1921 | 133,503 | −0.09% |
1931 | 158,638 | +1.74% |
1941 | 183,100 | +1.44% |
1951 | 202,533 | +1.01% |
1961 | 265,261 | +2.73% |
1971 | 362,188 | +3.16% |
1981 | 544,330 | +4.16% |
1991 | 698,081 | +2.52% |
2001 | 839,482 | +1.86% |
2011 | 949,443 | +1.24% |
source:[21] |
According to the
At the time of the
Transport
Rail
In 1927, Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR)[27] opened the 72-mile (116 km) Chandil-Barkakana section to traffic. The same year, the Central India Coalfields (CIC) Railway opened the Gomoh-Barkakana line. It was extended to Daltonganj in 1929. Later it was extended to Sonnagar on Howrah-Delhi Grand Chord line and one more branch was extended to Singrauli from Garwa Road.
At present the district railway network is divided between two zone East Central Railways and South Eastern Railway.
Ramgarh Cantonment, Mael, Barkipona, Gola Road, Harubera, Sondimra and Barlanga Station come under Ranchi Division of SER.[28]
Ranchi Road, Chainpur, Argada, Barkakana Junction, Bhurkunda, Patratu and Tokisud station come Under Dhanbad Division of ECR.
Barkakana is a railway sub-division under Dhanbad division of East Central Railway zone. Doubling of Danea-Ranchi Road line has announced in the
New rail line project
Ranchi-Koderma-Tilaiya Junction[29] railway station (Bihar) new rail line project[30] of the state passes through the district. The district portion between Sidhwar-Barkakana-Kuju and Mandu is already completed. The distance between Ranchi and Barkakana by train will be reduced by half with the new rail line. Completion of this project will also shorten the distance between[31] Barkakana, Patna and Delhi. The Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir line was extended to Tilaiya in 2010. After completion of the line, Barkakana will be connected to Bakhtiyarpur. Rajgir, Biharsharif, etc. Tilaiya Junction railway station is situated near Rajoli of Nawada district of Bihar, not to be confused with Tilaiya, Tilaiya Dam, or Jhumri Tilaiya of Jharkhand.
The 57 km (35 mi)-long Barkakana-Hazaribagh section of the new Koderma-Ranchi line project was inaugurated on 7 December 2016[32] by Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu in the presence of Chief Minister Raghubar Das.
Special passenger train service started[33] on 31 March 2017[34] from Barkakana Junction to Sidhwar station of Barkakana–Ranchi new line[35] section.
A trial run of the passenger train between Tatisilwai and Sanki railway stations (31.4 km) on Ranchi Barkakana's new rail line was conducted on 17 January 2018.[36]
The new railway line between Tatisilwai and Sanki was inaugurated by CM Ragubar Das on 29 August 2019. Two new pairs of passenger trains between Hatia and Sanki stations were implemented on 29 August 2019.[citation needed]
Roads
Road are the major means of transportation in the district. Three major expressways (NH-33, NH-23 and SH-2) pass through the district. The State Highways Authority of Jharkhand (SHAJ) is planning to construct a four-lane road between Patratu and Dhanbad[37] via Sayal, Naya Mor, Chas Mor and Raj Ganj.
National highway
The main national highways[38] crossing the district are NH-33 and NH-23.
National Highway 23 connects to NH-33 at Mahatma Gandhi Chowk, Ramgarh Cantonment.
State highways serving the area include State Highway No.2.[39]
Airport
Birsa Munda Airport (45 km (28 mi)) at Ranchi is the nearest airport. Direct links are available to prominent cities such as Delhi, Patna, Mumbai and Kolkata.
Economy
The district holds a strong position on the mineral map of the country. The district is endowed with a large and rich deposit of coal and coalbed methane (CBM) and also possesses various other minerals like limestone as well as fire clay.
The coalfields of the Ramgarh district lie in the Damodar Valley. The important geological formation of the district is the Gondwana System and the rocks of the Damuda Group of Lower Gondwana age comprises the most important coal seams. The district's coal deposits are mainly found in South Karanpura, West Bokaro and Ramgarh coalfields.[40]
Industries
Ramgarh is an important industrial district of East India. Several mineral-based industries like steel, sponge iron, cement, refractory and thermal power plants are established due to the availability of coal and other minerals.[citation needed]
Agriculture
The main occupation of the people of Ramgarh is farming. There are three main agricultural seasons in the district:
of the district.Education
Schools
- Kendriya Vidyalaya :[42]
- D A V Public School:[43]
- Agrasen D. A. V. Public School, Bharech Nagar, Ramgarh.
- Army Public School,[44] Ramgarh Cantonment. (Army Welfare Education Society)
Colleges
- Engineering colleges
Ramgarh Engineering College opened in 2013. The government is also planning to open Jharkhand state's first women's engineering college in Ramgarh.[47][as of?]
- Medical colleges
The government is planning to open a new ESI Medical College[48] in the district.[as of?]
- Management College
Birsa Institute of Technical Education (B.I.T.E. Ramgarh)[49] opened in 2012 in Ramgarh.
Culture and heritage
Fairs and festivals
The major and most celebrated fairs and festivals include
Cuisine
Ramgarh has a variety of foods and cuisines. The most well-known and common cuisine in Ramgarh includes roti (chapati) or phulka, rice or bhat, dal, sabzi or tarkari and achar (South Asian pickles). Dhuska and barra are popular local fast foods. Dhuska is made from rice and urad dal. Barra is also prepared using urad dal. Different types of flowers and leaves are used including bamboo shoots (karil), fried pumpkin flower pakora, khukri and mushroom tarkari. Khoya pedas of Rajrappa mandir is also a famous dry sweet.
Places of interest
This article is written like a manual or guide. (March 2019) |
Pilgrimage sites
- Tooti Jharna Temple: Situated about 7 km (4.3 mi) from Ramgarh Cantonment on NH-33 Shivalinga. The Raghu baba[definition needed] of this temple is from the nearby village Digwar and hence most of the Digwar villagers are connected to this temple. It is very near Ranchi road, just 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) ahead towards the way of Village Digwar.
- Mayatungri Temple: It is also known as Daughter of the Hills and is 5 km (3.1 mi) South of Ramgarh in the Chutupalu Valley. Although it is located on a height of 300 ft (91 m), it takes only 15 minutes to march to its peak. Every year the local festival of karma is celebrated here with gaiety and fanfare by the people of the surrounding villages. It is popularly believed that worshipping on the hill brings rain to this area.[citation needed] Nowadays on the occasion of Durgapuja, Nawratra is performed twice a year on this hill.
- Kaitha Shiv Mandir:Shivalingain the temple is located at a height which is accessible by means of two stairs. At present this temple is in a dilapidated condition.
- Khere Math: Khere Math templeGautama Buddhais situated at Matwa-tand village near NH-23 of Gola Block.
- Gurudawara Singh Sabha: This Gurudwara was established and inaugurated by the Sikh community of Ramgarh around 1940 in a small room situated on Shivajee road in Ramgarh. Today a grand structure has taken the form of Gurudwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha in place of that small room. It is the centre of attraction for its great tomb and minarets. The interior decoration of the Darbar hall of Gurudwara Sahib is picture squire.[clarification needed]
Rajrappa Mandir
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The Maa Chhinmastika temple (मां छिन्नमस्तिका मंदिर)
A hundred years ago,[
Event
Rajrappa Mohatsav:
The two-day grand Rajrappa Mahatsav is a tourism event organized for the promotion of the historic Rajrappa Temple of Jharkhand. With the joint efforts of Ramgarh District Administration, Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) authorities, CSR of corporate houses and Chinamastika Temple Administration, it was marked as a huge success on the first attempt. Many renowned artists including Abhijit Bhatacharya, Pooja Gaitonde, Chetan Joshi, Padamshree Mukund Nayak, Megha Dalton, and Bharat Sharma performed during the Mohatsav. The event was held for the first time on 25 and 26 February 2017.
Historic monuments
Mahatama Gandhi Samadhi Sathal:[10]
This sthal popularly known as Gandhi Ghat is situated on the bank of river
China Cemetery:[53] Situated 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Ramgarh Cantonment, the China Kabristan (cemetery) is a famous historical monument. At the outbreak of World War II, some soldiers who rose up against Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and who were also supporters of the friendly states, were captured and imprisoned at Ramgarh. After a few days the soldiers died of hunger and snakebites. A collective burial ground for the soldiers was made; there are a total of 667 graves. In the middle of the graveyard, a pillar in memory of Chiang Kai-shek was erected. The total area covered by the graveyard is around 7 acres (2.8 hectares). There is a Buddhist temple also in its vicinity. Three cantonments have come into existence around the graveyard.[citation needed] Inside the graveyard the pucca roads have been endorsed with rows of flowers. The China Kabristan is a material witness to the annals of the history of Ramgarh.[citation needed]
Megalithic sites of Ramgarh District:[57][58][59] Ramgarh district is very rich in ancient and historical sites. Different megalith sites have been identified near Chitarpur, Gola and Kuju.
Nature tourism
Patratu Dam or Nalkari Dam: Constructed on Nalkari and other small rivers; it is around 5 km (3.1 mi) from Patratu. Surrounded by hills, forest and rivers, Nalkari dam is used for picnicking and boating.[60] The dam was constructed with the purpose of supplying water to Patratu Thermal Power Station. The total storage capacity of this dam is 81 square miles.[61] Boating began on 14 January 2010 on the dam. Patratu dam is located 28 km from Ramgarh Cantonment and 35 km from Ranchi.
Dhur-duria Fall: Dhur-duria Fall is situated near Sidhwar village, about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Ramgarh Cantonment. The fall is created on the course of Sherbhuki river. The road only goes up to Sidhwar village, so an approach road should be constructed from Sidhwar village to fall.[citation needed] The water falls from approximately 50 ft (15 m) height.[62]
Am-Jharia Fall: Situated near the border of Halwadi and Sidhwar village.[62]
Nimi Fall: Nimi Fall is situated near Nimi village and around 5 km (3.1 mi) from Bhurkunda.
Dhara Fall: Dhara Fall is situated near Khakara village under Gola Block. The government is planning to construct an approach road from NH-23 (between Gola and Peterwar) to the fall.[63]
Gandhaunia (Hindi: गंधौनिया (गरम पानी कुंड)): Situated at about 20 km (12 mi). near Mandu.[clarification needed] It is a hot water spring (pond).[64]
Chutupallu: Situated about 10 km (6.2 mi) from Ramgarh on the Ramgarh - Ranchi NH 33 is a hill top with many dhabas (roadside eateries) and motels in the way after crossing Chutupallu that offer food.[citation needed]
Bankhetta: Situated near Chutupallu. Water falls from a height giving the feeling of rainfall in a cave when someone claps inside.
Liril Fall: Situated between Ramgarh and Chutupallu, it looks like the fall from the old Liril soap advertisement. It is popularly known as Liril Fall.
Barso Paani: Situated at about 30 km (19 mi) from Ramgarh, near Charhi towards Hazaribagh. Water falls from the ceiling, giving the feeling of rainfall in a cave when someone claps.
Hundru Fall: The Hundru Fall located near the Ranchi-Ramgarh district border is created on the course of the Subarnarekha River.[20]
Politics
Lok Sabha Constituencies: Hazaribagh[65] Vidhan Sabha Constituencies:[65]
- Ramgarh: Ramgarh Police Station (excluding G.Ps. Terpa, Patratu, Koto, Palani, Hapuhua, Harikarpur, Gegda, Deoria, Bargama, Pali, Salgo, Sanki, Jabo, Chaingari, Chikor, Lapanga, Ghutua, Barkakana and Sidhwar-Kalan) and Gola Police Station.
- Mandu (Part): Mandu Police Stations.
- Barkagaon (Part): G.Ps. Terpa, Patratu, Koto, Palani, Hapuhua, Harijarpu Gegda, Deoria, Bargama, Pali, Salgo, Sanki, Jabo, Chaingara, Chikor, Lapanga, Ghutua, Barkakana and Sidhwar-Kalan in Ramgarh Police Station.
See also
References
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