Rohilkhand
Historical region of North India Rohilkhand Madhyadesh | |
Location | Uttar Pradesh |
State established: | 1690 CE |
Language | Kauravi dialect of Hindi, Standard Urdu, previously Rohilla Urdu and Pashto |
Dynasties | (1736–1858) |
Historical capitals | Aonla, Bareilly and Rampur |
Separated subahs | Bareilly, Bijnor, Budaun, Moradabad, Pilibhit, Rampur and Shahjahanpur |
Rohilkhand (today
Etymology
Rohilkhand means "the land of the Rohilla". The term Rohilla first became common in the 17th century, with Rohilla used to refer to the people coming from the land of Roh, which was originally a geographical term that corresponded with the territory from Swat and Bajaur in the north to Sibi in the south, and from Hasan Abdal (Attock) in the east to Kabul and Kandahar in the west.[3] A majority of the Rohillas migrated from Pashtunistan to North India between the 17th and 18th centuries.
Geography
Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 square kilometres (9,700 sq mi) (in and around the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions).
The Ganges Doab to the south and west, Kumaon to the north, Nepal to the east, and the Awadh region to the southeast mark its borders.
History
The Rohilla Afghan leader Daud Khan led the settlement in the Katehar region in
]In 1752, the
After the Third Battle of Panipat, thousands of Pashtun and Baloch soldiers settled in northern India. These diverse ethnic, cultural, and linguistic groups merged over time to form the Urdu-speaking Muslims of South Asia.
During the
In the presence of
In 1773, the Marathas once again crossed the Ganges at Ramghat in Badaun, and advanced towards Rohilkhand. The Nawab of Awadh with his British allies came to the aid of the Rohillas and the Marathas were forced to retreat. The Nawab of Awadh now demanded the payment that had been promised for his help. But Hafiz Rahmat Khan refused by sending letters to the Nawab and the British, pleading his inability to pay due to internal strife and discontent among his dependent chiefs.[9]
This led to the First Rohilla War. Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula’s troops, supported by British troops, invaded Rohilkhand. Hafiz Rahmat Khan was killed in the ensuing Battle of Miranpur Katra in 1774[10]
Rohilkhand fell to Awadh, and was plundered and occupied. The majority of the Rohillas left. They fled across the Ganges in numbers, to start a guerrilla war; or emigrated. A Rohilla state under British protection was set up in Rampur. Faizullah Khan managed to become the nawab of the newly created Rampur State.
The whole of Rohilkhand (including
Rulers
Name | Reign began | Reign ended |
---|---|---|
Ali Mohammed Khan | 1719 | 15 September 1748 |
Faizullah Khan | 1764 | 24 July 1793 |
Hafiz Rahmat Khan (regent)
|
15 September 1748 | 23 April 1774 |
Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur
|
24 July 1793 | 11 August 1793 |
Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur
|
11 August 1793 | 24 October 1794 |
Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur
|
24 October 1794 | 5 July 1840 |
Nasrullah Khan (regent) | 24 October 1794 | 1811 |
Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur
|
5 July 1840 | 1 April 1855 |
Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur
|
1 April 1855 | 21 April 1865 |
Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur
|
21 April 1865 | 23 March 1887 |
Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur
|
23 March 1887 | 25 February 1889 |
Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur
|
25 February 1889 | 20 June 1930 |
Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur
|
5 July 1840 | 1 April 1855 |
Raza Ali Khan Bahadur
|
20 June 1930 | 6 March 1966 |
Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur[a]
|
6 March 1966 | 8 February 1982 |
Notes
- ^ Nawabat abolished in 1971
See also
References
- ^ "Rohilkhand". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-62466-905-7.
- ISBN 9004101098.
The designation Rohilla developed during the seventeenth century as a fairly broad notion of the people coming from Roh or Rõh, corresponding roughly with the mountainous terrain of the eastern Hindu Kush and the Sulaiman Range. Only in the seventeenth-century Indian and Indo-Afghan works is Roh used as a more specific geographical term which corresponded with the territory stretching from Swat and Bajaur in the north to Sibi and Bhakkar in Sind, and from Hasan Abdal in the east to Kabul and Kandahar in the west.
- ^ An Eighteenth Century History of North India: An Account of the Rise And Fall of the Rohilla Chiefs in Janbhasha by Rustam Ali Bijnori by Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui Manohar Publications
- ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India by W M Hunter
- ^ Agrawal, Ashvini. Studies in Mughal History.
- ^ Playne, Somerset; Solomon, R. V.; Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold. Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey.
- ^ Rathod, N. G. The Great Maratha: Mahadaji Scindia.
- ^ Asad, Rehan (25 January 2019). "Pilibhit: A Forgotten Capital". PeepulTree. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (1947). History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. up to 2000 A.D.
- ISBN 978-1-108-16895-3.