Bareilly
Bareilly
बरेली | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
Top to bottom; Left to right: MLA Arun Kumar (City) | Sanjeev Agarwal (Cantonment) | |
Area | ||
• City | 106 km2 (41 sq mi) | |
• Metro | 123 km2 (47 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 268 m (879 ft) | |
Population (2011)[3] | ||
• City | 903,668 | |
• Density | 8,500/km2 (22,000/sq mi) | |
• Metro | 985,752 | |
• Sex ratio | 895 ♀/1,000 ♂ | |
Demonym | Bareillian | |
Language | ||
• Official | Hindi[4] | |
• Additional official | Urdu[4] | |
Time zone | IST | |
PIN codes | 2430xx | |
Vehicle registration | UP-25 | |
Website | bareilly |
Bareilly ( River and is the site of the Ramganga Barrage built for canal irrigation.
The earliest settlement in what is now Bareilly was established in 1537 by a local chieftain Jagat Singh Katehriya who named it 'Bans-Bareli' after his two sons Bansaldev and Bareldev. The town came under the rule of the
Bareilly is renowned for being the place of origin of the
The city has been known as Nath Nagri due to the presence of several ancient Shiva temples,
History
According to the epic
In the 12th century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of
From archaeological point of view the district of Bareilly is very rich. The extensive remains of Ahichchhatra, the Capital town of Northern Panchala have been discovered near
Establishment
Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Jagat Singh Katehriya, a Rajput who named it Bareilly after his two sons Bansaldev and Baraldev.
British East India Company
Under Barech at the 1761
Modern period
After the
The most popular trades in and around Bareilly during the 1820s were manufacturing glass, jewellery, glass and
Rebellion of 1857
Bareilly was a centre of the
The
Independence
Bareilly Central Jail housed a number of political prisoners who supported the independence movement including Yashpal (who married while imprisoned on 7 August 1936 was the first such ceremony in an Indian jail). The rules were changed, preventing future prison marriages.[25]
Geography
Bareilly is in
Bareilly lies 252 metres (827 ft)
Climate
Bareilly has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa) with hot summers and cool winters.[27] The average temperature for the year is 25 °C. June, with an average temperature of 32.8 °C is the warmest month, while the coolest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of 15 °C.[27] Bareilly receives 1038.9 mm precipitation for the year on average. The month with the most precipitation on average is July with 307.3 mm of precipitation, while November is the month with the least precipitation on average, with an average of 5.1 mm. There are an average of 37.7 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in August with 10.3 days and the least precipitation occurring in November with 0.5 days. The summer is noticeably wetter than the winter, although rain falls throughout the year.[27]
Climate data for Bareilly (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
41.6 (106.9) |
45.5 (113.9) |
46.7 (116.1) |
47.3 (117.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
36.1 (97.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
47.3 (117.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
30.5 (86.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
39.1 (102.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 18.7 (0.74) |
29.0 (1.14) |
13.5 (0.53) |
12.0 (0.47) |
32.3 (1.27) |
119.4 (4.70) |
335.9 (13.22) |
310.0 (12.20) |
214.4 (8.44) |
35.0 (1.38) |
4.6 (0.18) |
12.2 (0.48) |
1,136.9 (44.76) |
Average rainy days | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 48.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
65 | 52 | 40 | 27 | 33 | 47 | 70 | 75 | 71 | 60 | 62 | 66 | 56 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[28][29] |
Environment and Cityscape
The street system in Bareilly is traditional, with most roads oriented towards different cities. The city centre is the intersection of
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1847 | 92,208 | — |
1853 | 101,507 | +10.1% |
1865 | 105,649 | +4.1% |
1872 | 102,982 | −2.5% |
1881 | 113,417 | +10.1% |
1891 | 121,039 | +6.7% |
1901 | 133,167 | +10.0% |
1911 | 129,462 | −2.8% |
1921 | 129,459 | −0.0% |
1931 | 144,031 | +11.3% |
1941 | 192,688 | +33.8% |
1951 | 208,083 | +8.0% |
1961 | 272,828 | +31.1% |
1971 | 326,106 | +19.5% |
1981 | 449,425 | +37.8% |
1991 | 590,661 | +31.4% |
2001 | 720,315 | +22.0% |
2011 | 903,668 | +25.5% |
Source: 1847-1865 - Bareilly district Gazetteer 1911 |
According to the
Religion
Bareilly has a majority of Hindus, with 58.58% following Hinduism according to the 2011 Indian Census.[32] Islam is the second most followed religion in the city, with about 38.80% followers.[32] Sikhism (0.90% followers), Christianity (0.78% followers), Jainism (0.05% followers) and Buddhism (0.05% followers) are also practised in the city.[32] Apart from that, about 0.03% people follow some other religions, while about 0.81% of the people did not state their religion.[32]
The city lends its name to the
-
Dedicated toLord Shiva, the Trivatinath Temple is one of the seven Nath Temples in the city.
-
Ahmed Raza Khan.
-
A Sikh Gurudwara in Model Town Bareilly.
-
Cathedral of St. Alphonsus, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bareilly.
Languages
The official languages are
Administration and politics
General Administration
Bareilly district administration is headed by the
Civic administration
The municipal board of Bareilly was established on 24 June 1858 under the North-West Provinces and Oudh Act XXVI of 1850. It was then a municipal committee, which was constituted by nominated members headed by the District Magistrate, who was its Ex-Officio Chairman. Seven of the nine nominated members were British including the Magistrate. Later, the North-West Provinces and Oudh Municipal Improvements Act of 1868 (Act VI of '68) recommended the elective principle, which was duly implemented. However, the District Magistrate still remained the chairman of this committee. The Members continued to be nominated by the government until the year 1868, when the elective principle was partially adopted - 27 members now came through election process, while 9 members were still nominated by the government. This system continued until 1900 when, under the Act of 1900, the number of nominated members was changed to 6 and the number of elected members became 18. Nominated members were reduced to 3 by the Municipality Act of 1916 while the number of elected members was increased to 19. Major changes were introduced in 1963; All members of the 48-member committee were now elected, and the system of nomination was abolished. The term of the board was usually 6 years.[44]
Politics
The 16th Lok Sabha Election for the Bareilly MP was won by Santosh Gangwar of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He defeated Praveen Singh Aron by huge margin to retain his stronghold. Bareilly has been a traditional battleground between the INC and the saffron parties. Regional parties such as the Samajwadi Party, led by Veerpal Singh Yadav, and the Bahujan Samaj Party have a limited influence.[citation needed]
Santosh Gangwar was a Member of Parliament for
In May 2019, Gangwar became the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Labour and Employment.Santosh Gangwar resigned from his post on 7 July 2021, ahead of the reshuffle in the Modi cabinet. He is currently the Chaiperson of the Committee on Public Undertakings.
Law and order
Bareilly city comes under the Bareilly zone and Bareilly range of the Uttar Pradesh Police; both of which are headquartered in the city. The Bareilly zone is headed by an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of Additional Director General (ADG) rank, while the Bareilly range is headed by an Inspector General (IG) rank IPS officer. The ADG, Bareilly Zone is Avinash Chandra,[45] and IG, Bareilly Range is Ramit Sharma.[46]
Police force in the Bareilly district is headed by a
There are a total of 29 police stations in Bareilly district.[48] One SHO is stationed at the Bareilly Kotwali while other police stations in the district are headed by an SO. There are various outposts (Chowkis) under the police stations where officials of the rank of head constable and constable are stationed along with the beat officers, who are usually on rounds in the areas under them. In addition to the regular police force, reserve forces are also deployed with reserve equipments in the reserve police lines located near Choupla Bareilly. They report directly to the SSP. CO LIU takes care of the Local intelligence by giving regular inputs to the police and magistracy. Two police control rooms are situated in Bareilly - the District Control Room looks after the rural areas of Bareilly while the City Control Room takes care of the urban areas. Additionally they help in coordinating and carrying out of communication throughout the district. There is also a women's police station under CO-1st in Bareilly for action on crimes and issues related to women.[47]
Bareilly has a District Court under the High Court of Judicature of Allahabad.[49] The court is headed by the district judge of Bareilly, who is assisted by numerous additional district judges, civil judges (senior division) and additional civil judges. Sm. Renu Agarwal is presently posted as the District & Sessions Judge at Bareilly.[50]
Economy
Since India began liberalising its economy, Bareilly has experienced rapid growth. Commerce has diversified with mall culture, although the area's rural economy remains agrarian, handicraft (zari-zardosi embroidery work on cloth material), bamboo and cane furniture. The city is equidistant from New Delhi (national capital) and Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh. This makes Bareilly a nodal point between two major cities of India.
Bareilly was a flourishing cotton centre in early nineteenth century. There were about 20,000 looms in the city in 1802, with a production value of Rs 30,00,000 per year. The city witnessed rapid growth in trade and commerce, transport and other socio-economic activities after the construction of Railway lines in the early twentieth century.[52] Several factories, including the National Brewery Company, a match factory, an ice factory and a steam-powered flour mill were established in the city in first decade of the century.[52] The Indian Wood Products Limited was established in Izzatnagar in 1919, where Catechu was produced on a large scale. A number of industries such as the Indian Turpentine & Rosin (founded in 1926) and the Western Indian Match Company (WIMCO; founded in 1937) were also established at C.B. Ganj, located at a distance of 8 km from the city center. HR Sugar Factory was established in Nekpur in 1932. As a result, Bareilly emerged as a major industrial and commercial area of the region by the 1940s, with many banks and educational institutions being established in every corner of the city.[53]
The industrial development of the city continued after the independence of India in 1947 and small scale industries related to khandsari, furniture, engineering and oil extraction began to take shape in Shahamatganj and Nai Basti. Industrial estates were established by the
By the end of the 1990s many industries in the city were shut down. The Indian Turpentine & Rosin Factory (ITR) was shut down in April 1998 and the sugar mill of Nekpur ceased production in September 1998.
Bareilly has very productive land (Tarai) for growing Sugarcane, Rice, pulses & wheat.
Culture
Among the major fairs held in Bareilly are the Chaubari fair, Nariyawal fair, Uttarayani fair and Dussehra fair. The Chaubari fair is held annually on the banks of
Transport
Roads
Bareilly lies on the
Arterial streets include:
- Stadium Road (connecting Pilibhit Road (D.D. Puram) to the ShyamGanj crossroad)
- Macnair Road (connecting Nainital Roadto Stadium Road)
- Pilibhit By-pass Road, connecting Pilibhit Road to Lucknow Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway)
- SH-33 Bareilly to Mathura via Subhash Nagar & ( Vishwanathpuram ), Budaun and Kasganj
- Mini By-Pass, connecting Delhi Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway) to Nainital Road
- Shyam Ganj– Patel Chowk Choraha–Chaupla–Quila–C.B. Ganj Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway)
- Shyam Ganj–Bareilly Cantt–Chowki Chauraha–Chaupla Road
- I.V.R.I. Road (connecting Nainital Road to Pilibhit Road)
- Civil Lines Road
- Highway connecting Delhi to Lucknow four lane via Bareilly is a 29-kilometre-long (18 mi) highway which bypasses the city crowd of Bareilly, ensuring the smooth running of local traffic.
Bareilly is the headquarters of Bareilly region of
Improvements
As part of the expansion of Old National Highway 24 (connecting Lucknow to New Delhi via Shahjahanpur, Bareilly, Rampur,
City Buses
City buses in Bareilly are operated by the Bareilly City Transport Services Limited (BCTSL).[73] Electric buses run on three routes in the city. A charging station-cum-depot for these buses is located in the Swale Nagar neighbourhood of the city.
City bus services in Bareilly were started initially on the Kutubkhana-Railway Junction route by the
A proposal to restart city bus services in the city was initiated by Bareilly Municipal Corporation in 2019 under the Smart Cities Mission; 25 CNG and Electric buses were proposed to ply on five routes with a depot at Ramganga Nagar.[77][78] Approval to operate AC Electric buses in the city was granted by state Cabinet in December 2019.[78] Construction of a charging station for the electric buses commenced in Swale Nagar in 2020,[79] and was completed in September 2021.[80] The Electric Buses were inaugurated on 4 January 2022.[81][82][83]
Rail
Now, Bareilly Junction lies on Lucknow-Moradabad Line and Lucknow-Sitapur-Lakhimpur-Pilibhit-Bareilly-Kasganj Line. Bareilly has been Connected to the rest of India by rail since the 19th century, and a 1909 map shows that Bareilly was a railway junction during the early 20th century. Six rail lines intersect in the city. After the British Indian Government purchased the Indian Branch Railway on 31 March 1872, and renamed the Lucknow–Kanpur main line as the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, railway services started to expand towards the west of Lucknow. The construction of a railway line from Lucknow to Sandila and then further onwards to Hardoi was completed in 1872.[84] This line was further extended to Bareilly on 1 November 1873.[84] Prior to that, another railway line connecting Moradabad to Chandausi had already been built in 1872; it too was extended to Bareilly, the construction completed on 22 December 1873.[84]
A new railway line connecting Bareilly and Moradabad via Rampur, called the Bareilly–Moradabad Chord, was approved on 4 December 1891, and was completed by 8 June 1894.[84] On 8 December 1894, the main line was officially diverted to this chord, while the older line was renamed the Chandausi loop.[84] In 1890 the Bengal and North Western Railway leased the Tirhoot State Railway to increase the latter's revenue, and the Lucknow-Sitapur-Seramow Provincial State Railway merged with the Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway to form the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway on 1 January 1891. The Lucknow-Bareilly Railway was owned by the Government of India, and operated by the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway.
The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was formed on 1 January 1943 by the merger of the Bengal and North Western Railway, the Tirhut Railway (BNW operated), the Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway (BNW operated), the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway and the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway (R&K operated). The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was later renamed the Oudh Tirhut Railway; it merged with the Assam Railway and the Kanpur-Achnera section of the
Several railway stations serve the city including:
- Bareilly Cantt (Station code: BRYC)
- Bareilly City (Station code: BC)
- Bareilly Junction (Station code: BE)
- Bhojipura Junction (Station code: BPR)
- C.B. Ganj (Station code: CBJ)
- Dohna (Station code: DOX)
- Izzatnagar (Station code: IZN)
- Parsa Khera (Station code: PKRA)
- Ramganga Bridge (Station code: RGB)
Bareilly is on the
Air
Bareilly city is served by the Bareilly Airport (IATA: BEK, ICAO: VIBY) – a civil enclave at the Indian Air Force's 'Trishul Air Base' in Izzatnagar, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the city centre.
The Airports Authority of India approved construction of a passenger terminal at the Bareilly civil enclave in 2016.[89] 10 hectares (25 acres) of land was bought from local farmers by the district administration for the project.[90] The AAI began the tender process to award construction contracts for the airport in September 2017 and expected the civil enclave to be ready by March 2018, pending Uttar Pradesh government approval.[91] However, the IAF requested changes in the layout of the taxiway connecting the terminal to the runway.[92] After the Ministry of Defence approved the taxiway, passenger service was hoped to begin by February 2019.[93]
Education
The primary education in the government schools in Bareilly is taken care of by the Basic Shiksha Adhikari (BSA), who heads a team of Block Education Officers (BEO) to overlook the primary education sphere. The principal, teachers, Shiksha Mitras and the PTI teachers constitute the staff of the primary schools. There is also a School Management committee of which the village elected head is also a member. The District Inspector of Schools takes care of the secondary education in the government schools, and the government aided and government recognised institutions in Bareilly. The DIOS generally undertakes the Inspection of School/Colleges and duties of teachers and other employees of Schools and Colleges. He is also responsible for the disposal of Financial Matters and the Maintenance and Distribution of the grant received for the payment of the Salary for the Employees of Schools and Colleges. The District Institute of Education and Training, Bareilly is located in Faridpur.[96]
Thomason's scheme of vernacular education was introduced experimentally in Bareilly in 1850.[97]
There are several universities and institutes of higher education in Bareilly.
- Universities
- Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute
- Bareilly International University
- Central Avian Research Institute
- Invertis University
- Colleges
- Rakshpal Bahadur College of Engineering and Technology
- Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering, Technology & Research
- Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences
- Bareilly College
- Jamiatur Raza Islamic College
- Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital
Defence installations
In addition to the air-force base, Bareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the
Places of interest
Hindu temples
Islamic sites
Churches
Name | Located | Year of Establishment | Architecture | Image | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freewill Baptist Church | Bareilly Cantt
|
1838 | [100] | ||
Christ Methodist Church | Civil Lines | 1856 | Protestant | [101] | |
St Stephens Church | Bareilly Cantt
|
1861 | Indo-Gothic | [102] | |
St Alphonsus Church | Bareilly Cantt
|
1868 | Roman | [103] | |
St Michael and All Angels Church | Shahjahanpur Road | 1862 | Anglican | [104] | |
Salvation Army Church | Civil Lines | 1898 | [105] | ||
Beerbhatti Methodist Church | Subhash Nagar | 1983 | [106] |
Sports
Bareilly has three sports stadiums and one cricket academy:
- Dori Lal Agarawal Sports Stadium (city area)
- Major Dhyan Chand Sports Stadium (cantonment area)
- Dr. Chandrakanta Memorial Sports Stadium (Bisalpur Road, Bhuta)
- SRMS Cricket Stadium (Bareilly-Nainital Road, Bhojipura)
Recreation
The city has a combined amusement and water park named Fun City. Phoenix United Mall (Bareily) is another attraction of the city. It is located on Pilibhit Bypass Road near Mahanagar Colony. The city also has a huge 14 ft. tall "Jhumka" statue installed in the Parsakhera area popularly known as "Jhumka Choraha" representing the significance of song "Jhumka Gira Re" by Asha Bhosle for the film Mera Saaya.
Notable people
- Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi– Islamic scholar
- Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi – Pakistani Islamic scholar and translator
- Santosh Gangwar - Chaiperson, Committee on Public Undertakings
- Rajesh Agarwal - Treasurer, Bharatiya Janata Party
- Rati Agnihotri – Actress
- Shah Niyaz Ahmad - Sufi mystic and preacher
- Paras Arora – Actor
- Wasim Barelvi - Urdu poet
- Clementina Butler - Evangelist and author
- Clementina Rowe Butler - Missionary
- Priyanka Chopra – Actress
- Kanan Gill – Actor, comedian
- Mahmud al-Hasan- Sunni Deobandi Islamic scholar
- Anwar Jamal – Documentary film maker
- Kritika Kamra - Actress
- Akhtar Raza Khan - Islamic scholar
- Hamid Raza Khan - Islamic scholar
- Hassan Raza Khan - Indian scholar and poet
- Kaif Raza Khan - Islamic scholar and activist
- Tauqeer Raza Khan - Politician
- Arun Kumar - Politician
- Hiba Nawab – Actress
- Disha Patani - Indian Actress
- Gopal Swarup Pathak - Former Vice-President of India
- Percy Pratt – First-class cricketer
- Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri – Islamic scholar
- Priyanka Singh Rawat – Member of Parliament, Barabanki
- Clayton Robson – Cricketer
- Kavita Seth – Playback singer
- Dharmpal Singh - Politician
- Anuj Tiwari – Author
- Shalini Kapoor – India's first woman IBM Fellow
In popular culture
- The 1966 song "Jhumka Gira Re" by Asha Bhosle in the Hindi film Mera Saaya
- The 2017 Hindi film Bareilly Ki Barfi takes Bareilly as its setting.
See also
- Bareilly District
- History of Bareilly
- List of Hindu temples in Bareilly
- Neighbourhoods of Bareilly
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