Singranatore family
| Singrahnator সিংড়ানাটোর | |
|---|---|
| Parent family | Mirzas of Hulhulia, Singra Zamindari Sardars of Natore Chowdhurys of Atrai Zamindars of Kharui Suhrawardy family |
| Distinctions | Aristocracy |
| Traditions | Sunni Islam |
| Heirlooms | Mullah Bari Palace, Mirza Mahal, Gole Afroz College, Rahmat Iqbal College |
The Singranatore family (
The family gets the name from their former estates and land holdings in the
History
 | This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article. (July 2019) ) |
During the times of the Middle kingdoms of India rent was called rajasva (the King's share). The king's men used to collect rajasva from his subjects according to law, and none could be evicted if rajasva was paid regularly. Later, the Hindu 'rajasva' became 'jama' during Muslim rule of the Mughal Empire when zamindars belonged to the nobility when the Emperor granted them mansabs (military ranks) and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs (feudal estates).[2][3][4]
Origins
| This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article. (July 2019) ) |
Singranatore Zamindari | |
|---|---|
| 1887–1951 | |
| Status | Urdu, Bangla |
| Religion | Islam |
| Zamindar Sahib | |
| History | |
• Established | 1887 |
• Disestablished | 1951 |
The Mughals introduced new officials and
Heirs were set by descent or at times adoption by religious laws.[8] Under the British Empire, the zamindars were to be subordinate to The Crown and not act as hereditary lords, but at times family politics was at the heart of naming an heir.[9] At times, a cousin could be named an heir with closer family relatives present; a lawfully wedded wife could inherit the zamindari if the ruling zamindar named her as an heir.[10][11]
British rule
| This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article. (July 2019) ) |
It was during the
In 1757, after the
In 1764, the
Zamindari influence in Bengal
| Part of a series on |
| Zamindars of Bengal |
|---|
 |
This European conquest of The Kingdom of Bengal would later instill the
October 31st, 1698. The Prince having given us the three towns adjacent to our Settlement, viz. De Calcutta, Chutanutte, and Gobinpore, or more properly may be said the Jemmidarship of the said towns, paying the said Rent to the King as the Jemidars have successively done, and at the same time ordering the Zamindar of the said towns to make over their Right and Title to the English upon their paying to the Jemidar(s) One thousand Rupees for the same, it was agreed that money should be paid, being the best Money that ever was spent for so great a Privilege; but the Jemmidar(s) making a great Noise, being unwilling to part with their country and finding them to continue in their averseness, notwithstanding the Prince had an officer upon them to bring them to a Compliance, it is agreed that 1,500 Rupees be paid them, provided they will relinquish their title to the said towns, and give it under their Hands in Writing, that they have made over the same to the Right Honourable Company. Ext of Consns. at Chuttanutte, the 29th December (Printed for Parliament in 1788).
They were one of the few Muslim
During the Mughal era (specifically during the rule of Emperor
Though the mansabdars were usually aristocrats, they did not form a
Descended from former
Natore Raj and zamindari in Natore
In 1706 Raja
1885 Bengal tenancy laws
Another factor that lead to the class discontent was the emergence of a landed intermediate class of lesser nobles (Chowdhurys and Taluqdars), whose existence contrary to the rules of the Permanent Settlement. The madhyasvatvas or intermediate interests acquired their rights by purchase, and not inheritance. According to the law, these madhyasvatvas did not exist. The law courts were giving conflicting judgements as regards the rights and liabilities of the intermediate classes and also of the peasants. The government tried to accommodate this class by enacting the Rent Act in 1859. To improve relations between landlord and tenant, a Rent Commission was set up in 1880. By the recommendations and observations of the Rent Commission, the Bengal Legislative Council enacted Act III of 1885 which defined rights and obligations of intermediate tenancies and raiyati tenancies. In 1905, Bengal was partitioned and then the Government of India Act of 1919 and 1935 were enacted. Finally in 1947, Bengal was further partitioned once again before the Indian Independence Act 1947 was enacted that separated the old Indian Empire into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Dominion of India in the month of August of the same year.
Abolition
| This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article. (July 2019) ) |
The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950 was passed by the newly formed Democratic Government of the Dominion of Pakistan for its eastern provinces (East Bengal, present day Bangladesh). The bill was drafted on 31 March 1948 during the after the fall of the British Monarchy in India, and passed on 16 May 1951. Most of the princely states in the western part of empire (Pakistan) merged into the province of West Pakistan on 14 October 1955 and the new nation was declared a republic within a year although some of the frontier states continued to be administered as separate units. During the same period 1948–1950, some of the remaining princely states joined India, and the Indian zamindaris were also abolished.
In return for surrendering the government of their states in the case of Princes, and estates in the case of Zamindars, together with their revenues and military forces, the former ruling princes were guaranteed their hereditary styles and titles, certain privileges of rank and honour, as well as privy purses to cover the living expenses of themselves and their families. However, this too was abolished in 1956. In 1971, the styles and titles enjoyed by the former ruling families ceased to be officially recognised by the
In 1984, Natore subdivision was turned into a district in independent Bangladesh.
British media sometimes accorded their zamindar status as 'Princes'. After the War of 1971, they held considerable alliances with ruling presidents, military dictators and prime ministers, all the while refraining from elected public offices. The family still owns most of the lands as private estates, and taxes the inhabitants on produce from the lands, which in turn pays for the upkeep of the land holdings, buildings, etc. Most of the residences used by the family lies mostly uninhabited, yet under the ownership of the family.
Philanthropy
The family set the
Buildings and estates
-
One of the old gates of the Gole Afroz College -
Doorway to Durbal hall (boithok khana) or meeting chamber. -
Doorway -
Chest at the entrance of the Malabare Mansion -
Old window of the Malabare Mansion -
_on_the_Mullahbare_estate.jpg)
Notables members
- Jalaluddin Mirza
- Mirza Zafar
- Colonel (Retd) Sarwar Azam
See also
Sources
- ^ Syed Ismail Ashraf (14 March 2013). "Legacy of Bengali zamindars". Daily Sun. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ "Mughal Society: Zamindars". Historytuition.com. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Metcalf 1984, p. 269
- ^ "An account of the Ruling Classes of Mughal Empire". Preservearticles.com. 30 October 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Hansen & Curtis 2008, p. 461
- ^ "Mughal Zamindars". Historytution.com. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Islam, Sirajul; Akhter, Shirin (2012). "Zamindar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Presidency 1888, p. 385
- ^ McLane 2002, p. 223
- ^ Higgingbotham 1872, p. 209
- ^ Monnier 1902, p. 5498
- ^ Ramchandani 2000, p. 302
- ^ Quayum, Abdul (2012). "East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Rent". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Markovits 2002, p. 301
- ^ Report 1804, p. 155
- ^ Burnell & Yule 1903, p. 980
- ^ Mirza in Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged HarperCollins Publishers
- ^ "Mughal Descendants". Fravahr.org. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Government Colleges of Bangladesh Bangladesh Daily Needs Archived 21 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ GuleAfrozCollege Prathista Porichiti 1996 page 29
- ^ GuleAfrozCollege Prathista Porichiti 1996 page 30
Bibliography
- Burnell, A. C.; Yule, Henry (1903) [First published 1890s]. Crooke, William (ed.). Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive (New ed.). London: John Murray.
- ISBN 978-0-618-07725-0.
- Higgingbotham, J. (1872). Madras High Court reports: reports of cases decided in the High Court of Madras. High Court of India.
- Markovits, Claude (2002). A History of Modern India, 1480–1950. Bangladesh: ISBN 978-1-84331-004-4.
- McLane, John R. (2002). Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal. ISBN 978-0-521-05120-0.
- ISBN 978-0-520-04660-3.
- Monnier, Emile Henry (1902). A digest of Indian law cases: containing High court reports, 1862–1900, and Privy council reports of appeals from India, 1836–1900, with an index of cases, Volume 3. Privy Council-Judicial Committee.
- Presidency, Indian (1888). The Indian law reports : Madras series. University of California.
- Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5. United Kingdom: ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
- Report, House Committee (1804). Reports from Committees of the House of Commons: repr. by order of ..., Volume 4. House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the National Archives of Bangladesh.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-1175225252.
External links
- Singra and Natore Zamindari family at Genealogical Gleanings of the Indian Princely States
- The 'Singra Upazilla Kallyan Samity' – Official website of the Sub-district Welfare Council of Singra.