St. Jean Baptiste Roman Catholic Church
St. Jean Baptiste Roman Catholic Church | |
---|---|
Italian Mannerism | |
Groundbreaking | 1910 |
Completed | 1913 |
Construction cost | $600,000 |
Specifications | |
Direction of façade | west |
Capacity | 1,200 |
Dome(s) | 1 |
Dome height (outer) | 175 feet (53 m) |
Spire(s) | 2 |
Spire height | 150 feet (46 m) |
Materials | Limestone |
St. Jean Baptiste Roman Catholic Church | |
Coordinates | 40°46′21″N 73°57′36″W / 40.77250°N 73.96000°W |
NRHP reference No. | 80002720 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | April 23, 1980[2] |
Designated NYCL | November 19, 1969[1] |
Website | |
The Church of St. Jean Baptiste, New York City |
St. Jean Baptiste Roman Catholic Church, also known as the Église St-Jean-Baptiste, is a Catholic parish church in the
Financier
The church is one of the few Catholic churches in New York City with a dome, and only one of two – the other being
Started in 1882 in a rented hall above a
Property
The church is located on the east side of Lexington Avenue at 76th Street. The building takes up most of the 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2)
Exterior
The building, which opened in the spring of 1913, is faced in
Above a broad cornice, twin bell towers rise to a total height of 150 feet (46 m) at the corners. Their lower stages with canted corners have round-arched openings framed by pilasters. Above them an open circle of Corinthian columns supports a ribbed dome, topped by a smaller version of the top with a cross. These are echoes of the larger dome in the middle of the church that rises to 172 feet (52 m). Between the two towers, on the parapet, a statue of angels supporting a globe echoes the pediment below. The gabled, gently pitched roofs are sheathed in copper.[5]
On either side of the front facade, projecting entrance bays with windows are topped with a statue of an angel blowing a trumpet. The side elevations, of which only the north is visible from the street, have high round-arched windows and continue the cornice at the roofline. Pediments similar to those on the front grace the second story above the windows on either end of the transept.[5]
Interior
Inside, the
Against the
The stained glass windows and high altar were brought to New York from Chartres, France and Italy, respectively, following
Under the dome is the altar table, made of white marble. At the center of the frontal is a Christogram, IHS, from the first three letters of Jesus (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ) in Greek. The pews, choir stalls, and confessionals are of oak and are elaborately carved. Eucharistic images, especially wheat shocks and clusters of grapes, are prominent throughout the building.[6]
A restoration of the interior was completed in November 1998.
Associated structures
The Rev. A. Letellier, rector, had a five-storey brick and stone rectory at 170–190 East 76th Street and 1067 Lexington Avenue built in 1911 to designs by
The Most Rev. Pat. J. Hayes had a four-storey brick school with a tile roof at 163–173 East 75th built in 1925 to designs by Robert J. Reiley of 50 East 41st Street for $300,000. A five-storey brick brothers apartment building at 194 East 76th Street, was built in 1930 to designs by Robert J. Reiley of 50 East 41st Street for $70,000 to 90,000. A five-storey brick sisters apartment house at 163–175 East 75th Street and 170–198 East 76th Street and 1061–1071 Lexington Avenue was built in 1931 to designs by Robert J. Reiley of 50 East 41st Street for $125,000.[7]
History
From its origins in a rented hall above a stable[8] with an almost exclusively French Canadian congregation, St. Jean Baptiste has grown to be one of New York's most distinctive Catholic churches. It has been through three buildings in two locations and under the care of two different orders of priests.
1841–82: Establishment of parish
In the early 19th century, one in every nine New Yorkers was of
That church grew, and moved north to
A chapel was established in a rented hall above a
1882–1900: First church and St. Anne's shrine
The new church was successful not only with its intended French Canadian community, but with all Catholics on the Upper East Side. Many were servants in the nearby houses of the city's wealthier residents and had to report for their jobs early, thus appreciating a nearby church where they could first attend Mass. In 1886, nuns from the
In 1892, the church inadvertently became a
News that the relic would be exposed soon reached the community, and a large crowd showed up for evening services. When a young man having an epileptic seizure was touched by it, his convulsions ceased. That apparent miracle was widely reported and even more crowds showed up, many expecting cures. The pastor asked Marquis to stay for a few more days with the relic to satisfy the many pilgrims.[9]
His stay would be extended to three weeks as thousands of pilgrims came. As he finally left on May 20, crowds bade the relic farewell and asked that she return again for good next time. Father Marquis was so impressed that he promised to obtain a relic for St. Jean. With the permission of Cardinal Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, he divided the relic once he had reached Sainte-Anne and returned to New York with it in July. More crowds came, more miracles were reported, and Marquis reported favorably on this to the pope. As a result, he was able to make a return trip to the shrine of St. Anne in Apt, France, and brought a relic back specifically for St. Jean Baptiste.[9]
1900–18: Change in leadership and new church
In 1900 the efforts of a wealthy local Catholic activist,
The continuous exposure of the Sacrament, and the availability of daily
At first Ryan had wanted a church similar in size to the existing one, but Letellier persuaded him it was time for a church with room for 1,200 people, twice the LeBrun church's capacity. Italian architect
Ryan was initially skeptical of the dome, but when he saw how it won praise on a model of Serracino's design he authorized the additional $43,000 ($1.41 million in contemporary dollars
The rectory, also designed by Serracino, was built and opened in 1911. The lower church in the basement was finished and
1918–87: The church in a changing city
Within a few years of its construction, the new church twice became a crime scene. The first occasion was the night of November 30, 1918, when police pursued a man named Charles George into the church following a carjacking. The police and George had been exchanging gunfire, and it continued as he ran up the stairs into the choir. When he ran out of ammunition, he surrendered. Several women who had been praying in the church at the time had to be treated for hysteria.[12] Almost a year later, on November 29, 1919, Cecilia Simon, a maid at an East 56th Street home, was arrested in the church when she knocked statuary and a candelabra valued at $3,000 ($53,000 in contemporary dollars[10]) onto the floor and shattering them after a funeral service. She was taken to Bellevue Hospital for observation. While apparently a devout enough Catholic to be a daily communicant, she was not a member of the church. At services there the previous Sunday, investigators found that in a collection envelope she had placed a note registering her objection to the arrangement on the altar. A coworker said that she had been acting strangely all week and had said she was going to "do some good work" at church that day.[13]
In 1920
The interior of the church was modified slightly in the 1950s during renovations. The
1987–present: Renovation
In 1989 stones from the facade fell onto the Lexington Avenue sidewalk. No one was injured, but the church had to erect a wooden shelter to protect pedestrians from potential future incidents. That led to the
It was financed by the sale of land and
In 2002, a longtime parishioner, Maryanne Macaluso, alleged that the new pastor, Father Mario Marzocchi, had groped and propositioned her after offering her a secretarial position. After she complained to another priest and took paid leave due to the stress of having to see Father Mazocchi every day, the order had him evaluated by a psychologist who found nothing wrong with him, and then transferred him to a parish in Florida. When she returned to work, she claims the church retaliated against her by cutting her work hours from full-time to part-time after several weeks and giving duties she normally performed to others. When she asked the replacement pastor, Father Anthony Schueller, for full-time work, he informed her that the church could not afford to do so and she requested a letter of termination, putting her in danger of being evicted from her apartment.[23]
After the state denied her
Programs and services
The church celebrates Mass three times a day and five times on Sunday, with a Saturday night
The church's musical ministry is led by its
In the broader community, the church, in conjunction with the sisters of Notre Dame, continues to operate St. Jean Baptiste High School for girls. The congregation is a member of the Yorkville Common Pantry and the Neighborhood Coalition for Shelter. The community center is also available for rent to individuals and organizations.[26]
See also
- List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets
References
- ^ "NYCLPC Designation Report"
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
- ^ Lafort, Remigius The Catholic Church in the United States of America: Undertaken to Celebrate the Golden Jubilee of His Holiness, Pope Pius X. Volume 3: The Province of Baltimore and the Province of New York, Section 1: Comprising the Archdiocese of New York and the Diocese of Brooklyn, Buffalo and Ogdensburg Together with some Supplementary Articles on Religious Communities of Women.. (New York City: The Catholic Editing Company, 1914), p.337.
- ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1. p.169
- ^ a b c d e f g h Huckins, Polly (August 1979). "National Register of Historic Places nomination, St. Jean Baptiste Church and Rectory". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Saint Jean Baptiste Catholic Church Tour". St. Jean Baptiste Catholic Church. October 2005. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
- ^ Office for Metropolitan History Archived February 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, "Manhattan NB Database 1900–1986," (Accessed December 25, 2010).
- ISBN 0-231-12543-7., p.212-213
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Saint Jean Baptiste Catholic Church History". St. Jean Baptiste Church. October 2005. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ a b Gray, Christopher (December 30, 1990). "Streetscapes: St. Jean Baptiste Church; Restoration on Lexington Ave". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
- ^ "Police Shoot At Man In A Church; Fugitive, Accused of Auto Theft, Surrenders on Stairs to Choir" (PDF). The New York Times. December 1, 1918. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Woman Wrecks Altar in $1,000,000 Church" (PDF). The New York Times. November 30, 1919. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "New Basilica Sought; Governor and Mayor Sign Petition for St. Jean Baptiste Church" (PDF). The New York Times. January 14, 1920. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
- ^ "Wall St. Leaders Attend Ryan Rites; Catholic Church Dignitaries Also at Simple Services at St. Jean Baptiste" (pdf). The New York Times. November 27, 1928. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "350 Attend a Mass for Clendenin Ryan". The New York Times. September 15, 1957. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Widow Stabbed in Church On East Side by 3 Youths". The New York Times. October 29, 1970. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "A $600,000 Restoration/Renovation of a Church Interior; A New, Brighter, Palette at St. Jean Baptiste". The New York Times. February 8, 1998. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ Ramirez, Anthony (July 20, 1997). "Stained Glass at the Speed Of, Er, Light". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2010. [dead link]
- ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
- ^ "POSTINGS: 31-Story Building Going Up Next to St. Jean Baptiste on E.76th St.; Condo Rising Beside Church's Dome". The New York Times. March 17, 1996. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "The Siena – 188 East 76th Street". cityrealty.com. 1994–2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ Barry, Dan (August 9, 2003). "Another Mass, but Minus One Regular". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Macaluso v. Church of St. Jean Baptiste et al" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 30, 2012.; New York Supreme Court; February 27, 2007; retrieved May 30, 2011.
- ^ "Saint Jean Baptiste Catholic Church Schedule". St. Jean Baptiste Catholic Church. October 2005. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ a b "Saint Jean Baptiste Catholic Church Ministries". St. Jean Baptiste Catholic Church. October 2005. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Saint Jean Baptiste Community Center". St. Jean Baptiste Catholic Church. Retrieved April 13, 2010.