Vadnagar

Coordinates: 23°47′06″N 72°38′24″E / 23.785°N 72.64°E / 23.785; 72.64
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Vadnagar
Town
UTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationGJ-02

Vadnagar is a town and municipality in the Mehsana district of the state of Gujarat in India. It is located 35 km (22 mi) from Mehsana. Its ancient names include Anartapura (the capital of Anarta) and Anandapura. It was a location visited by Xuanzang in 640 C.E. The founder and the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Alexander Cunningham, had identified Anandapura with the town of Vadnagar.[2] Vadnagar is also the birthplace of Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India.

History

See also: Anarta
Further information: Vadnagar archaeological site

The archeological excavations presented sequence assigned from 4th-3rd century BCE to the present period.[3] Recent excavations, in six trenches, consider the beginning of the site to be around 800 BCE, (ca. 2754 calibrated years before present).[4]

Archaeologists found seven cultural periods of continuous human presence: 1) Pre-

Hindu-Solankis, 6) Sultanate-Mughal (Islamic) to Gaekwad-British colonial rule (ca. 318 years before present), and 7) Recent.[5]

Several ancient inscriptions and literary sources mention a town called Anartapura or Anandapura, identified as the area in and around the present-day Vadnagar. The epic tale

Western Kshatrapa King, Rudradaman I
, mentions a region called "Anartha" (meaningless) in northern present-day Gujarat.

The

Maitraka rulers of Vallabhi (505-648 C.E.) issued land grants to the Brahmins of Anarthapura or Anandapura.[7] The Harsola copper plates (949 C.E.) of the Paramara king record the granting of two villages in Gujarat area to the Nagar Brahmins, who originated from Anandapura. which is also identified with Vadnagar, and is associated with the Nagar Brahmins.[8] In 2009, archaeologists discovered a 4 km long fortification near Vadnagar, which they believe could be the historical Anartapura.[7]

Vadnagar has also yielded an image of

Mathura to install in one of the town's Buddhist monasteries.[citation needed] Vadnagar's old town is found inside the walls of a fort with six gates: Kirti, Arjun, Nadiol, Amarthol, Ghaskol and Pithori. The town was added to the tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage sites in December 2022.[9]

Geography

Vadnagar is located at 23°47′N 72°38′E / 23.78°N 72.63°E / 23.78; 72.63. It covers an area of about 7.08 km2 (2.73 sq mi) and has an average elevation of 143 m (469 ft) above the

mean sea level. It lies in a relatively flat and dry region, as compared to the rest of Gujarat.[10]

Climate

The climate in Vadnagar is generally cold during winters and hot in summers, with temperatures varying from 14 °C (57 °F) to as high as 42 °C (108 °F). The average annual rainfall is about 670 mm. Relative humidity is generally high, especially in the monsoon and post–monsoon months, because of the interiorly location of the town.[11]

Demographics

As of

Census 2011, Vadnagar's population was 27,790, including 14,097 males and 13,693 females. Its female sex ratio is 971 compared to the state average of 919. Moreover, Vadnagar's child sex ratio is around 937 compared to the 890 state average. In Vadnagar, 12.26% of the population is under 6 years of age. Vadnagar's average literacy rate is 80.53%, higher than the 78.03% national average: male literacy is 90.41%, and female literacy is 70.42%.[12]

Economy

Almost the entire population of Vadnagar is engaged in agriculture and primary sector, because it is relatively isolated from the rest of Gujarat, as compared to other towns and cities like Mehsana, and developmental stages related to secondary and tertiary sectors are yet to be done. The primary sector accounts for around 40% of the total workforce. Another important industry on which the population is dependent is tourism, because in and around the town, there are many tourist attractions. Thus, it has a large potential yet to be tapped.

Languages

Hindi and English
are other common languages.

Places of interest

There are many tourist attractions in and around Vadnagar, as follows:[13]

  • Sharmistha Lake: It is a lake with a small island amidst, and is connected by a 7 km long inlet canal. The island has been developed into an urban park. It includes an open-air theatre as well.

There are scores of temples dedicated to almost every god:

derasars
.

  • Buddhist Monastery: The recent excavations have brought to light a Buddhist monastery belonging to the 2nd-7th century AD, within the fortified area of Vadnagar. The monastery had two
    votive stupas and an open central courtyard, around which initially nine cells were constructed. The arrangement of the cells around the central countyard creates a swastika-like pattern.[14]
Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple
  • Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple: It is a 15th-century temple, and is the most significant of the numerous Shiva shrines. He is the family deity of the
    pantheon, scenes from the life of Krishna, Pandava princes Ramayana and Mahabharata, musicians, dancing apsaras, as well as varied animal and floral motifs.[15]
Kirti Toran
  • Kirti Toran: The town is famous for its
    Makara (a griffin), from which spring arches. A number of standing female figures also ornament the top. The one to the east is in better condition and has been used as a symbol of Gujarat in recent times. Initially, one torana was intact while the other was ruined. The ruined one was re-erected in 2007 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).[16] The toranas might have served as an entrance to a large temple complex, but no remains of such have been found till date.[17]

Other places include Tana-Riri garden and shrine, Gauri kund, Pancham Mehta's Vav (stepwell), Janjanio well, Baithakji of Gusaiji, an ancient library and a directional stone from the Solanki period.[18]

  • Hathi Jain temple
    Hathi Jain temple
  • Tana-Riri garden and shrine
    Tana-Riri garden and shrine
  • Gauri kund
    Gauri kund
  • Pancham Mehta's Vav
    Pancham Mehta's Vav

Education

Schools
  • Anarth Shikshan Kendra
  • Shri B. N. High School
  • Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
  • Navin Sarva Vidyalaya
  • Pattharwali School
  • Royal English Medium School
  • Saraswati Vidya Mandir
  • Sarvajanik Vidyayalaya, Vaghasi
  • Vadnagar Girls High School
Colleges
  • Arts and Commerce College, Vadnagar
  • GMERS Medical College, Vadnagar
  • Government ITI, Vadnagar
  • Government Polytechnic, Vadnagar
  • Government Science College, Vadnagar

Healthcare

Hospitals
  • Bhavna Hospital
  • Drishti Hospital
  • GMERS Medical College & Civil Hospital
  • Sadbhavna Hospital
  • Sardar Patel General Hospital
  • Vadnagar Nagrik Mandal Hospital
  • Vasant Prabha Hospital

Transport

Road

The Gujarat State Highway 56 (SH-56) passes through Vadnagar, that connects it directly with Mehsana, Visnagar and Ambaji.

Rail

The Vadnagar railway station lies on the Mehsana-Taranga line, that directly connects Vadnagar with the rest of the state and beyond through Mehsana Junction railway station.

Bus

Vadnagar bus stand

The Vadnagar bus station is located within the centre of the town. Buses are available from here to all major towns and cities in Gujarat and neighbouring states, that operate under Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC), private and tourism operators.

Air

The nearest airport is

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, located 93 km (58 mi) south from the town at Ahmedabad
.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "Census of India: Search Details". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  2. Sir Alexander Cunningham
    , p.493-494
  3. ^ Rawat, Yadubirsingh (2011). "11. Recently Found Ancient Monastery and Other Buddhist Remains at Vadnagar and Taranga In North Gujarat, India". Bujang Valley and Early Civilisations in South East Asia, Malaysia: 209–232 – via Academia.
  4. ^ Sarkar, Anindya, et al., (2024). "Climate, human settlement, and migration in South Asia from early historic to medieval period: Evidence from new excavation at Vadnagar, Western India", in: Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 324, 15 January 2024, 108470: "Radiocarbon chronology of mollusc carbonates, charcoal and drill core sediments, retrieved from six trenches suggest that the settlement began at ~2754 years B.P. contemporary to Late-Vedic/pre-Buddhist Mahajanapadas or oligarchic republics of ancient India" (Conclusions).
  5. ^ Sarkar, Anindya, et al., (2024). "Climate, human settlement, and migration in South Asia from early historic to medieval period: Evidence from new archaeological excavation at Vadnagar, Western India", in: Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 324, 15 January 2024, 108470.
  6. ^ "Tirtha Mahatmya Nagara Khanda Skanda Purana". Wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Lost city could be Gujarat's womb: Archaeologists". The Times of India. 4 September 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  8. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1451755
    .
  9. ISSN 0971-751X
    . Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  10. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Vadnagar
  11. ^ "Yearly & Monthly weather - Vadnagar, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Vadnagar". Gujarat Tourism. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Buddhist Monastery, Vadnagar". Gujarat Tourism. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Hatkeshwar Temple". Gujarat Tourism. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  16. ISSN 0971-8257
    . Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  17. ^ "Kirti Toran". Gujarat Tourism. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Kirti Toran, Vadnagar | District Mahesana, Government of Gujarat | India". mahesana.nic.in. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Vadnagar.
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