Carsun Chang
Carsun Chang | |
---|---|
張嘉森 | |
Jiading, Jiangsu, Qing dynasty | |
Died | 23 February 1969 San Francisco, California, U.S. | (aged 82)
Alma mater | Waseda University |
Political party | China Democratic League China Democratic Socialist Party |
Part of a series on |
Social democracy |
---|
|
Carsun Chang (
Biography
A pioneering theorist of human rights in the Chinese context, Chang established his own small "Third Force" democratic party during the Nationalist era.
Chang supported German-style social democracy while opposing capitalism, communism, and guild socialism.[2] He supported socialization of major industries such as railroads and mines to be run by a combination of government officials, technicians, and consumers.,[3] and the development of a mixed economy in China, like that advocated by the Social Democratic Party of Germany under Philipp Scheidemann.[3]
Equipped with the traditional Confucian degree of xiucai or "accomplished scholar", Chang went on to study at
With
Opposed to the Chinese communists, but also dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's noncompliance with the constitution, Carsun Chang went to the United States after 1949. The Democratic Socialist Party moved to Taiwan afterwards and continued resisting the implementation of a one-party dictatorship and oppression by the Kuomintang though its very survival in Taiwan was due to its tacit cooperation with the Kuomintang. Carsun Chang reappeared in 1962 calling for the unity of the party, but returned to the United States before his death in 1969.
Family
Carsun Chang was the older brother of the prominent banker and politician Chang Kia-ngau (Zhang Jia'ao). His sister, Zhang Youyi, was an educator, banker, and the first wife of poet Xu Zhimo.
See also
References
- ^ Jeans Jr. (1997), p. 41.
- ^ Jeans Jr. (1997), pp. 41, 47.
- ^ a b Jeans Jr. (1997), p. 44.
- ISBN 0-89264-135-5.
- ^ Fung (2000), p. 148.
Works
- Chang, Carsun. The Third Force in China. New York: Bookman Associates, 1952.
- Chang, Carsun. The Development of Neo-Confucian Thought. 2 vols. New York: Bookman Associates, 1957-1962. (Vol. 2)
- Chang, Carsun. Wang Yang-ming: Idealist philosopher of sixteenth-century China. Jamaica, NY: St. John's University Press, 1962.
- Chang, Carsun, and Rudolf Eucken. Das Lebensproblem in China und in Europa. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer, 1922.
- Chang, Carsun, and Kalidas Nag. China and Gandhian India. Calcutta: The Book Company, 1956.
- Chang, Carsun et al. (1958). A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture; Our Joint Understanding of the Sinological Study Relating to World Cultural Outlook.
- Chang, Carsun. Guoxian yi (1921). In Xian Zheng zhi dao (Beijing: Qinghua daxue chubanshe, 2006a).
- Chang, Carsun. Minzu fuxing de xueshu jichu (1935). Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2006b.
- Chang, Carsun. Mingri zhi Zhongguo wenhua (1936). Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2006c.
- Chang, Carsun. Li guo zhi dao (1938). In Xian Zheng zhi dao (Beijing: Qinghua daxue chubanshe, 2006d).
- Chang, Carsun. Yili xue shi jiang gangyao (1955). Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2006.
- Chang, Carsun. Bijiao Zhong Ri Yangming xue. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshu guan, 1955.
- Chang, Carsun. Bianzheng weiwu zhuyi bolun. Hong Kong: Youlian chubanshe, 1958.
- Chang, Carsun. Zhongguo zhuanzhi junzhu zhengzhi pingyi. Taipei: Hongwen guan chubanshe, 1986.
- Chang, Carsun. Rujia zhexue zhi fuxing. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2006.
- Chang, Carsun, and Wenxi Cheng. Zhong Xi Yin zhexue wenji. 2 vols. Taipei: Taiwan xuesheng shuju, 1970.
- Chang, Carsun, and Huayuan Xue. Yijiusijiu nian yihou Zhang Junmai yanlun ji. Taipei : Daoxiang chubanshe, 1989.
Secondary sources
- Jeans Jr., Roger B. (1997). Democracy and Socialism in Republican China: The Politics of Zhang Junmai (Carsun Chang), 1906–1941. Lanham (Maryland) and Oxford (UK): Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847687077.
- Fung, Edmund S. K. (2000). In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929-1949. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521771242.
- Nelson, Eric S. (2017). Chinese and Buddhist Philosophy in Early Twentieth-Century German Thought. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 43-76. ISBN 9781350002555.
- Nelson, Eric S. (2020). "Zhang Junmai's Early Political Philosophy and the Paradoxes of Chinese Modernity". Asian Studies. 8: 183–208. S2CID 214271980.
- Xinzhong Yao, ed. (2003). RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, Vol. 2, pp. 799–800.