Courtenay Ilbert
Sir Courtenay Ilbert | |
---|---|
33rd Clerk of the House of Commons | |
In office 1902–1921 | |
Preceded by | Archibald Milman |
Succeeded by | Thomas Lonsdale Webster |
First Parliamentary Counsel | |
In office 1899–1902 | |
Preceded by | Henry Thring, 1st Baron Thring |
Succeeded by | Henry Jenkyns |
Personal details | |
Born | Kingsbridge, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | 12 June 1841
Died | 14 May 1924 Penn, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | (aged 82)
Relatives | Lettice Fisher (daughter)
Civil servant |
Known for | Ilbert Bill Legislative Methods and Forms |
Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert,
Biography
Early life and career
Ilbert was born at
Legal career
Ilbert was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1869, and began to practice in property law, with an emphasis on drafting trusts and other documents. His expertise as a draftsman attracted the attention of Sir Henry Thring who invited him to help prepare bills: among his bills he helped to prepare were the Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act of 1881 and 1883.
The
During his time in India, Ilbert drafted many important pieces of legislation, but by far the most famous was his eponymous Ilbert Bill. Introduced by Ilbert in 1883, the Bill proposed to allow non-European Magistrates or Sessions Judges to try "European British subjects", something which existing legislation did not allow. European reactions in India to the proposal were extremely hostile, which in turn stimulated the growth of Indian nationalism. The response in Britain was more divided: the Bill was criticized by some, notably by Ilbert's predecessor Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, but the Bill received substantial support in Britain as well. As a result of the controversy, the bill was significantly amended. The extent of Ilbert's personal support for the Bill are unclear: R. C. J. Cocks speculated that Ilbert approved of the principles the Bill embodied, but was dubious as to its political expediency.[1]
He was appointed assistant parliamentary counsel to Treasury in 1886 and First Parliamentary Counsel in 1899. In February 1902, Ilbert was appointed Clerk of the House of Commons,[2] and he served as such until 1921.[1]
Personal life
Ilbert married Jessie, daughter of Reverend Charles Bradley and niece of George Bradley, former headmaster of Marlborough College in 1874. They had five daughters, the oldest, Lettice Fisher became the first to head the National Council for the Unmarried Mother and her Child.[1] His fourth daughter Margaret Peregrina Ilbert (1882–1952) married Sir Arthur Cochrane of the College of Arms.
Ilbert was an outdoorsman in his youth and he climbed in Chamonix (1871 with Leslie Stephen and M. Loppe)[3] the Hekla in Iceland and the Vignemale in the Pyrenees in 1872–73 with James Bryce.[4] When Ilbert lived in Simla, at Chapslee house, he founded a Simla Natural History Society around 1885 but the organization dissolved when he left Simla in 1886.[5]
Ilbert died a few months after the death of his wife at his home in Troutwells, Buckinghamshire on 14 May 1924.[1]
Honours
Ilbert was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1895, as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1908, and as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1911. He was a founding Fellow of the British Academy (1903).[1]
Published works
Ilbert reflected on laws and law-making and wrote several books on parliamentary and legislative procedure and history that were highly regarded. Jurists like Sir Carleton Kemp Allen praised his knowledge of parliamentary procedure but felt he was outdated. He pointed out to how government initiatives were modified into legally actionable forms but many[
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1901). Legislative Methods and Forms. Oxford: Henry Frowde.
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1904). Montesquieu. Oxford: Clarendon Press. The 1904 Romanes Lecture.
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1911). Parliament: Its History, Constitution and Practice (1 ed.). London: Williams and Norgate. 2nd ed, 1920. 3rd ed, Oxford, 1948.
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1912). Methods of Legislation (1 ed.). University of London Press.
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1914). The Mechanics of Law Making. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Ilbert, Courtenay (1922). The Government of India. Oxford University Press.
- Ilbert, Courtenay; Meston, James (1923). The New Constitution of India. University of London Press.
References
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34090. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "No. 27408". The London Gazette. 18 February 1902. p. 1037.
- ^ Maitland, Frederic William (1906). The life and letters of Leslie Stephen. London: Duckworth & Co. p. 94.
- ^ Carlyle, E.I. (1937). "Bryce, James". Dictionary of National Biography (1922-1930). Oxford University Press. pp. 127–135.
- ^ Buck, Edward J. (1904). Past and Present. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. pp. 33, 195.