Demographics of Pakistan
Demographics of Pakistani | |
---|---|
Major ethnic | See Ethnic groups of Pakistan |
Language | |
Spoken | See Languages of Pakistan |
Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7 million to 207.7 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.
Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two
Due to a high
The
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1951 | 33,740,167 | — |
1961 | 42,880,378 | +2.43% |
1972 | 65,309,340 | +3.90% |
1981 | 84,253,644 | +2.87% |
1998 | 132,352,279 | +2.69% |
2017 | 207,684,626 | +2.40% |
2023 | 241,492,917 | +2.55% |
Source: [3][11] |
The
The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,[6] and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.[12]
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Estimates from the United Nations
In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.[6] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.
Year | Population | % Population aged 0 to 14 |
% Population aged 15 to 64 |
% Population aged 65 or more |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 37,696,264 | 40.5% | 54.0% | 5.5% |
1955 | 40.3% | 55.3% | 4.4% | |
1960 | 45,954,226 | 40.6% | 55.6% | 3.7% |
1965 | 51,841,626 | 42.3% | 54.4% | 3.4% |
1970 | 59,290,872 | 43.7% | 53.0% | 3.3% |
1975 | 68,126,999 | 43.9% | 52.8% | 3.4% |
1980 | 80,624,057 | 43.0% | 53.5% | 3.4% |
1985 | 97,121,552 | 43.0% | 53.5% | 3.5% |
1990 | 115,414,069 | 43.7% | 52.8% | 3.5% |
1995 | 133,117,476 | 44.4% | 52.1% | 3.5% |
2000 | 154,369,924 | 42.9% | 53.6% | 3.5% |
2005 | 174,372,098 | 41.1% | 55.4% | 3.5% |
2010 | 194,454,498 | 39.2% | 57.0% | 3.7% |
2015 | 210,969,298 | 38.4% | 57.7% | 3.9% |
2020 | 227,196,741 | 37.3% | 58.6% | 4.2% |
2025 | 249,948,885 | 35.3% | 60.2% | 4.5% |
2030 | 274,029,836 | 33.2% | 61.9% | 4.9% |
2035 | 298,432,780 | 31.7% | 63.1% | 5.2% |
2040 | 322,595,767 | 29.5% | 64.8% | 5.7% |
2045 | 345,818,945 | 28.1% | 65.8% | 6.2% |
2050 | 367,808,468 | 26.6% | 66.5% | 6.9% |
Structure of population
The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2017 census.[2] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females,[3] which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.
The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | Sex ratio | Percent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 106,318,22 | 101,344,632 | 207,684,626 | 104.9 | 100.0% |
0 – 4 | 14,944,124 | 14,218,866 | 29,162,990 | 105.1 | 14.0% |
5 – 9 | 15,642,725 | 14,383,593 | 30,026,318 | 108.8 | 14.5% |
10 – 14 | 12,946,871 | 11,580,317 | 24,527,188 | 111.8 | 11.8% |
15 – 19 | 11,095,138 | 10,269,213 | 21,366,618 | 108.0 | 10.3% |
20 – 24 | 9,245,010 | 9,247,936 | 18,495,895 | 100.0 | 8.9% |
25 – 29 | 7,936,382 | 8,461,628 | 16,401,132 | 93.8 | 7.9% |
30 – 34 | 6,945,532 | 7,203,496 | 14,151,748 | 96.4 | 6.8% |
35 – 39 | 6,088,144 | 5,958,164 | 12,048,811 | 102.2 | 5.8% |
40 – 44 | 4,847,522 | 4,777,667 | 9,627,067 | 101.5 | 4.6% |
45 – 49 | 4,060,698 | 3,869,277 | 7,931,616 | 104.9 | 3.8% |
50 – 54 | 3,643,706 | 3,300,645 | 6,945,580 | 110.4 | 3.3% |
55 – 59 | 2,647,127 | 2,326,991 | 4,974,986 | 113.8 | 2.4% |
60 – 64 | 2,247,341 | 2,063,695 | 4,311,861 | 108.9 | 2.1% |
65 – 69 | 1,557,733 | 1,393,718 | 2,952,013 | 111.8 | 1.4% |
70 – 74 | 1,131,916 | 1,001,805 | 2,134,220 | 113.0 | 1.0% |
75 or more | 1,338,251 | 1,287,621 | 2,626,523 | 103.9 | 1.26% |
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | Sex ratio | Percent |
0 – 14 | 43,533,720 | 40,182,776 | 83 716 496 | 108.3 | 40.3% |
15 – 64 | 58,778,374 | 57,478,712 | 116,257,086 | 102.3 | 56.0% |
65+ | 4,027,900 | 3,683,144 | 7,711,044 | 109.4 | 3.7% |
Population distribution
Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.
By province
The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.
Province or Territory | 1951[11] | 1961[11] | 1972[11] | 1981[11] | 1998[11]
|
2017[3]
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Punjab | 20,540,762 | 25,463,974 | 37,607,423 | 47,292,441 | 73,691,290 | 109,989,655 |
Sindh | 6,047,748 | 8,367,065 | 14,155,909 | 19,028,666 | 30,439,893 | 47,854,510 |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 5,888,550 | 7,578,186 | 10,879,781 | 13,259,875 | 20,919,976 | 35,501,964 |
Balochistan | 1,167,167 | 1,353,484 | 2,428,678 | 4,332,376 | 6,565,885 | 12,335,129 |
ICT | — | 117,669 | 237,549 | 340,286 | 805,235 | 2,003,368 |
Four Provinces and ICT | 33,740,167 | 42,880,378 | 65,309,340 | 84,253,644 | 132,352,279 | 207,684,626 |
Azad Kashmir[4] | 886,000 | 1,065,000 | 1,573,000 | 1,983,465 | 2,972,501 | 4,045,367 |
Gilgit-Baltistan[5] | — | — | — | — | 884,000 | 1,492,924 |
Total Pakistan | — | — | — | — | 136,208,780 | 213,222,917 |
Urbanization
The following table shows how Pakistan has
Province or Territory | 1951[11] | 1961[11] | 1972[11] | 1981[11] | 1998[11]
|
2017[3]
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Punjab | 17.3% | 21.5% | 24.4% | 27.6% | 31.3% | 36.9% |
Sindh | 29.2% | 37.9% | 40.4% | 43.3% | 48.8% | 51.9% |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 8.6% | 10.3% | 11.1% | 12.6% | 14.3% | 16.5% |
Balochistan | 12.4% | 16.9% | 16.5% | 15.6% | 23.9% | 27.6% |
ICT | 0.0% | 0.0% | 32.3% | 60.1% | 65.7% | 50.4% |
Four Provinces and ICT | 17.7% | 22.5% | 25.4% | 28.3% | 32.5% | 36.4% |
Azad Kashmir[4] | — | — | — | 8.1% | 12.5% | 17.4% |
Gilgit-Baltistan[5] | — | — | — | — | 16.8% | 16.5% |
ICT | 0.0% | 0.0% | 32.3% | 60.1% | 65.7% | 50.4% |
Largest cities
As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 14.9 million and 11.1 million respectively (in 2017), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has seven more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Peshawar, Multan, Hyderabad, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 14 million people altogether. Aside from these, there are 103 more cities in the country with populations of at least 100,000.
Below a list showing Pakistan's twenty largest cities as of the 2017 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.
All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.
City Name | Province or Territory | 2017 Population[13] | 1998 Population[11] | Avg. Annual Growth Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Karachi | Sindh | 14,884,402 | 9,339,023 | 2.48% |
Lahore | Punjab | 11,119,985 | 5,209,088 | 4.06% |
Faisalabad | Punjab | 3,210,158 | 2,008,861 | 2.49% |
Rawalpindi | Punjab | 2,097,824 | 1,409,768 | 2.11% |
Gujranwala | Punjab | 2,028,421 | 1,132,509 | 3.11% |
Peshawar | KPK | 1,969,823 | 982,816 | 3.72% |
Multan | Punjab | 1,872,641 | 1,197,384 | 2.38% |
Hyderabad | Sindh | 1,733,622 | 1,166,894 | 2.10% |
Islamabad | ICT | 1,009,003 | 529,180 | 3.45% |
Quetta | Balochistan | 999,385 | 565,137 | 3.04% |
Bahawalpur | Punjab | 762,774 | 408,395 | 3.34% |
Sargodha | Punjab | 658,208 | 458,440 | 1.92% |
Sialkot | Punjab | 656,730 | 421,502 | 2.36% |
Sukkur | Sindh | 500,401 | 335,551 | 2.12% |
Larkana | Sindh | 488,006 | 270,283 | 3.15% |
Sheikhupura | Punjab | 472,269 | 280,263 | 2.79% |
Rahim Yar Khan | Punjab | 420,963 | 233,537 | 3.14% |
Jhang | Punjab | 414,309 | 293,366 | 1.83% |
Dera Ghazi Khan | Punjab | 397,362 | 190,542 | 3.94% |
Gujrat | Punjab | 390,758 | 251,792 | 2.34% |
Vital statistics
As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered.[14] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.[14]
Estimates based on surveys
Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.[15]
Survey | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate
|
Infant mortality rate
|
Total fertility rate | Life expectancy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | Rural | Total | Male | Female | ||||
DHS 2006–07[16] | 30.7 | — | 78 | 3.30 | 4.49 | 4.08 | — | — |
PSLM 2007–08[17] | — | — | 69 | 3.13 | 4.41 | 3.95 | — | — |
PSLM 2011–12[18] | — | — | 63 | 3.26 | 4.35 | 3.95 | — | — |
DHS 2012–13[19] | — | — | 74 | 3.16 | 4.20 | 3.84 | — | — |
PSLM 2013–14[20] | — | — | 65 | 3.24 | 4.35 | 3.95 | — | — |
DHS 2017–18[21] | 29 | — | 62 | 2.93 | 3.94 | 3.56 | — | — |
PSLM 2018–19[22] | — | — | 60 | 3.01 | 4.21 | 3.75 | — | — |
PMMS 2019[23] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 64.3 | 66.5 |
PDS 2020[24] | 27 | 6.7 | 56 | 3.07 | 4.11 | 3.72 | 64.5 | 65.5 |
Regional fertility rates
Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.
Survey | Punjab | Sindh | KPK | Balochistan | ICT | AJK | G-B | Pakistan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHS 2006–07[16] | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | — | — | — | 4.08 |
MICS Punjab 2011[25] | 3.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
DHS 2012–13[19] | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.0 | — | 3.8 | 3.84 |
MICS Punjab 2014[26] | 3.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS Sindh 2014[27] | — | 4.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS KPK 2016–17[28] | — | — | 4.0 | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS G-B 2016–17[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.6 | — |
DHS 2017–18[21] | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 3.56 |
MICS Punjab 2017–18[30] | 3.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS Sindh 2018–19[31] | — | 3.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS KPK 2019[32] | — | — | 4.0 | — | — | — | — | — |
MICS Balochistan 2019-20[33] | — | — | — | 4.0 | — | — | — | — |
MICS AJK 2020–21[34] | — | — | — | — | — | 3.4 | — | — |
The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.
District | Province | Total fertility rate | Margin of error | Year of survey | 2017 Population
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lahore | Punjab | 3.1 | ±0.2 | 2017–18[30] | 11,119,985 |
Faisalabad | Punjab | 3.3 | ±0.2 | 2017–18[30] | 7,882,444 |
Rawalpindi | Punjab | 3.2 | ±0.2 | 2017–18[30] | 5,402,380 |
Gujranwala | Punjab | 3.4 | ±0.2 | 2017–18[30] | 5,011,066 |
Rahim Yar Khan | Punjab | 4.6 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 4,807,762 |
Multan | Punjab | 3.6 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 4,746,166 |
Peshawar | KPK | 4.0 | ±0.5 | 2019[32] | 4,331,959 |
Muzaffargarh | Punjab | 4.7 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 4,328,549 |
Karachi West
|
Sindh | 2.2 | ±0.3 | 2018–19[31] | 3,907,065 |
Sialkot | Punjab | 3.5 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 3,894,938 |
Sargodha | Punjab | 3.6 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 3,696,212 |
Bahawalpur | Punjab | 3.9 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 3,669,176 |
Sheikhupura | Punjab | 3.7 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 3,460,004 |
Qasur
|
Punjab | 4.3 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 3,454,881 |
Okara | Punjab | 4.3 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 3,040,826 |
Bahawalnagar | Punjab | 3.7 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 2,975,656 |
Karachi Central
|
Sindh | 2.2 | ±0.3 | 2018–19[31] | 2,971,382 |
Khanewal | Punjab | 4.0 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 2,920,233 |
Vehari | Punjab | 3.8 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 2,902,081 |
Karachi East
|
Sindh | 3.2 | ±0.4 | 2018–19[31] | 2,875,315 |
Dera Ghazi Khan | Punjab | 5.4 | ±0.5 | 2017–18[30] | 2,872,631 |
Gujrat | Punjab | 3.1 | ±0.2 | 2017–18[30] | 2,756,289 |
Jhang | Punjab | 4.3 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 2,742,633 |
Korangi | Sindh | 2.5 | ±0.3 | 2018–19[31] | 2,577,556 |
Sahiwal | Punjab | 3.6 | ±0.4 | 2017–18[30] | 2,513,011 |
Khairpur | Sindh | 4.8 | ±0.8 | 2018–19[31] | 2,405,190 |
Mardan | KPK | 4.0 | ±0.3 | 2019[32] | 2,373,399 |
Swat | KPK | 4.5 | ±0.5 | 2019[32] | 2,308,624 |
Quetta | Balochistan | 4.7 | ±0.3 | 2019-20[33] | 2,269,473 |
Hyderabad | Sindh | 3.0 | ±0.4 | 2018–19[31] | 2,199,928 |
Toba Tek Singh | Punjab | 3.5 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[30] | 2,191,495 |
Sanghar | Sindh | 4.2 | ±0.4 | 2018–19[31] | 2,049,873 |
Islamabad | ICT | 3.0 | ±0.3 | 2017–18[21] | 2,003,368 |
Estimates from the United Nations
In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.[6] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Year | Mid-year population |
Annual live births |
Annual deaths |
Annual natural increase |
CBR | CDR
|
RNC | IMR
|
TFR | Life expectancy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | ||||||||||
1950 | 37,696,264 | 1,647,739 | 1,173,219 | 474,520 | 43.7 | 31.1 | 12.6 | 263.4 | 6.80 | 36.2 | 33.4 |
1951 | 38,215,785 | 1,686,378 | 1,121,858 | 564,520 | 44.1 | 29.4 | 14.8 | 252.9 | 6.80 | 37.5 | 34.6 |
1952 | 38,816,777 | 1,727,288 | 1,089,817 | 637,471 | 44.5 | 28.1 | 16.4 | 243.3 | 6.80 | 38.6 | 35.8 |
1953 | 39,488,228 | 1,768,524 | 1,063,098 | 705,426 | 44.8 | 26.9 | 17.9 | 234.1 | 6.80 | 39.8 | 36.9 |
1954 | 40,224,090 | 1,810,574 | 1,044,277 | 766,297 | 45.0 | 26.0 | 19.0 | 225.6 | 6.80 | 40.7 | 37.9 |
1955 | 41,023,128 | 1,853,944 | 1,022,153 | 831,791 | 45.2 | 24.9 | 20.3 | 217.4 | 6.80 | 41.8 | 39.0 |
1956 | 41,884,995 | 1,900,510 | 1,008,574 | 891,936 | 45.4 | 24.1 | 21.3 | 209.6 | 6.80 | 42.7 | 39.8 |
1957 | 42,808,511 | 1,948,801 | 993,703 | 955,098 | 45.5 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 202.2 | 6.80 | 43.7 | 40.7 |
1958 | 43,794,993 | 1,999,584 | 981,704 | 1,017,880 | 45.6 | 22.4 | 23.2 | 195.2 | 6.80 | 44.6 | 41.6 |
1959 | 44,843,639 | 2,049,555 | 970,149 | 1,079,406 | 45.7 | 21.6 | 24.1 | 188.7 | 6.80 | 45.5 | 42.5 |
1960 | 45,954,226 | 2,102,786 | 961,020 | 1,141,766 | 45.7 | 20.9 | 24.8 | 182.6 | 6.80 | 46.3 | 43.4 |
1961 | 47,060,915 | 2,157,005 | 951,411 | 1,205,594 | 45.8 | 20.2 | 25.6 | 176.7 | 6.80 | 47.2 | 44.2 |
1962 | 48,161,841 | 2,201,790 | 939,942 | 1,261,848 | 45.6 | 19.5 | 26.2 | 171.2 | 6.80 | 48.0 | 45.0 |
1963 | 49,325,050 | 2,247,761 | 922,383 | 1,325,378 | 45.5 | 18.7 | 26.8 | 166.0 | 6.80 | 48.8 | 46.3 |
1964 | 50,552,592 | 2,293,167 | 907,551 | 1,385,616 | 45.3 | 17.9 | 27.4 | 161.2 | 6.80 | 49.7 | 47.4 |
1965 | 51,841,626 | 2,340,733 | 897,333 | 1,443,400 | 45.1 | 17.3 | 27.8 | 157.5 | 6.80 | 50.3 | 48.5 |
1966 | 53,199,414 | 2,388,085 | 869,523 | 1,518,562 | 44.8 | 16.3 | 28.5 | 153.2 | 6.80 | 51.6 | 50.0 |
1967 | 54,629,793 | 2,438,389 | 854,112 | 1,584,277 | 44.6 | 15.6 | 29.0 | 149.9 | 6.80 | 52.6 | 51.2 |
1968 | 56,124,743 | 2,483,692 | 840,624 | 1,643,068 | 44.2 | 15.0 | 29.2 | 147.0 | 6.80 | 53.5 | 52.3 |
1969 | 57,676,805 | 2,524,648 | 831,202 | 1,693,446 | 43.7 | 14.4 | 29.3 | 144.5 | 6.80 | 54.2 | 53.3 |
1970 | 59,290,872 | 2,584,996 | 818,806 | 1,766,190 | 43.5 | 13.8 | 29.8 | 142.1 | 6.80 | 55.0 | 54.6 |
1971 | 60,878,781 | 2,648,206 | 985,142 | 1,663,064 | 43.4 | 16.2 | 27.3 | 145.5 | 6.80 | 49.0 | 52.2 |
1972 | 62,509,565 | 2,712,779 | 838,978 | 1,873,801 | 43.3 | 13.4 | 29.9 | 137.9 | 6.81 | 55.4 | 55.1 |
1973 | 64,285,624 | 2,785,335 | 852,459 | 1,932,876 | 43.3 | 13.2 | 30.0 | 136.0 | 6.81 | 55.5 | 55.5 |
1974 | 66,149,169 | 2,853,960 | 874,080 | 1,979,880 | 43.1 | 13.2 | 29.9 | 134.3 | 6.81 | 55.4 | 55.6 |
1975 | 68,126,999 | 2,931,237 | 882,423 | 2,048,814 | 43.0 | 13.0 | 30.1 | 132.5 | 6.81 | 55.8 | 56.2 |
1976 | 70,230,923 | 3,015,342 | 900,018 | 2,115,324 | 42.9 | 12.8 | 30.1 | 131.0 | 6.81 | 55.9 | 56.5 |
1977 | 72,451,105 | 3,116,181 | 922,294 | 2,193,887 | 43.0 | 12.7 | 30.3 | 129.6 | 6.80 | 55.8 | 56.9 |
1978 | 74,789,330 | 3,223,019 | 934,553 | 2,288,466 | 43.1 | 12.5 | 30.6 | 128.1 | 6.78 | 56.3 | 57.4 |
1979 | 77,407,341 | 3,337,688 | 950,235 | 2,387,453 | 43.2 | 12.3 | 30.9 | 126.6 | 6.76 | 56.5 | 58.1 |
1980 | 80,624,057 | 3,487,787 | 970,044 | 2,517,743 | 43.5 | 12.1 | 31.4 | 125.1 | 6.73 | 56.8 | 58.6 |
1981 | 84,270,202 | 3,700,274 | 1,001,060 | 2,699,214 | 44.2 | 11.9 | 32.2 | 123.6 | 6.70 | 57.1 | 59.3 |
1982 | 87,828,198 | 3,903,191 | 1,035,663 | 2,867,528 | 44.6 | 11.8 | 32.7 | 122.1 | 6.67 | 57.4 | 59.8 |
1983 | 91,080,372 | 4,067,866 | 1,057,064 | 3,010,802 | 44.7 | 11.6 | 33.1 | 120.5 | 6.64 | 57.7 | 60.5 |
1984 | 94,003,867 | 4,188,905 | 1,075,240 | 3,113,665 | 44.5 | 11.4 | 33.1 | 118.8 | 6.62 | 58.0 | 61.0 |
1985 | 97,121,552 | 4,291,612 | 1,100,992 | 3,190,620 | 44.2 | 11.4 | 32.9 | 117.0 | 6.59 | 58.5 | 60.4 |
1986 | 100,618,523 | 4,453,073 | 1,131,849 | 3,321,224 | 44.3 | 11.3 | 33.0 | 115.2 | 6.55 | 58.8 | 60.3 |
1987 | 104,251,093 | 4,602,418 | 1,185,062 | 3,417,356 | 44.2 | 11.4 | 32.8 | 113.3 | 6.52 | 58.5 | 59.8 |
1988 | 107,967,838 | 4,749,506 | 1,208,574 | 3,540,932 | 44.0 | 11.2 | 32.8 | 111.5 | 6.48 | 58.5 | 60.4 |
1989 | 111,670,386 | 4,877,528 | 1,229,672 | 3,647,856 | 43.7 | 11.0 | 32.7 | 109.6 | 6.43 | 58.7 | 60.7 |
1990 | 115,414,069 | 4,979,805 | 1,238,482 | 3,741,323 | 43.1 | 10.7 | 32.4 | 107.8 | 6.36 | 59.0 | 61.4 |
1991 | 119,203,569 | 5,070,548 | 1,256,930 | 3,813,618 | 42.5 | 10.5 | 32.0 | 105.9 | 6.29 | 59.4 | 61.3 |
1992 | 122,375,179 | 5,146,942 | 1,290,628 | 3,856,314 | 41.8 | 10.5 | 31.3 | 103.9 | 6.21 | 59.6 | 60.7 |
1993 | 125,546,615 | 5,116,844 | 1,309,418 | 3,807,426 | 40.8 | 10.4 | 30.3 | 101.7 | 6.11 | 59.6 | 60.4 |
1994 | 129,245,139 | 5,188,381 | 1,321,834 | 3,866,547 | 40.1 | 10.2 | 29.9 | 99.5 | 6.01 | 59.7 | 60.6 |
1995 | 133,117,476 | 5,214,150 | 1,355,586 | 3,858,564 | 39.2 | 10.2 | 29.0 | 97.2 | 5.89 | 59.5 | 60.4 |
1996 | 137,234,810 | 5,283,367 | 1,351,457 | 3,931,910 | 38.5 | 9.9 | 28.7 | 94.7 | 5.77 | 59.9 | 61.1 |
1997 | 141,330,267 | 5,323,160 | 1,363,688 | 3,959,472 | 37.7 | 9.7 | 28.0 | 92.3 | 5.64 | 59.9 | 61.5 |
1998 | 145,476,106 | 5,391,873 | 1,360,060 | 4,031,813 | 37.1 | 9.4 | 27.7 | 89.9 | 5.51 | 60.2 | 62.1 |
1999 | 149,694,462 | 5,457,820 | 1,350,165 | 4,107,655 | 36.5 | 9.0 | 27.5 | 87.5 | 5.39 | 60.8 | 62.8 |
2000 | 154,369,924 | 5,503,880 | 1,349,760 | 4,154,120 | 35.8 | 8.8 | 27.0 | 85.3 | 5.26 | 61.2 | 63.1 |
2001 | 159,217,727 | 5,621,718 | 1,365,265 | 4,256,453 | 35.3 | 8.6 | 26.8 | 83.3 | 5.12 | 61.4 | 63.6 |
2002 | 163,262,807 | 5,707,878 | 1,383,913 | 4,323,965 | 34.9 | 8.5 | 26.4 | 81.5 | 5.01 | 61.7 | 63.7 |
2003 | 166,876,680 | 5,705,869 | 1,389,323 | 4,316,546 | 34.1 | 8.3 | 25.8 | 79.8 | 4.88 | 61.9 | 64.0 |
2004 | 170,648,620 | 5,728,041 | 1,397,637 | 4,330,404 | 33.5 | 8.2 | 25.3 | 78.4 | 4.75 | 61.9 | 64.4 |
2005 | 174,372,098 | 5,741,665 | 1,467,794 | 4,273,871 | 32.9 | 8.4 | 24.5 | 77.9 | 4.64 | 61.2 | 64.0 |
2006 | 178,069,984 | 5,780,328 | 1,397,071 | 4,383,257 | 32.4 | 7.8 | 24.6 | 75.7 | 4.53 | 62.1 | 65.7 |
2007 | 181,924,521 | 5,939,254 | 1,421,100 | 4,518,154 | 32.6 | 7.8 | 24.8 | 74.5 | 4.51 | 61.9 | 66.1 |
2008 | 185,931,955 | 6,026,112 | 1,440,035 | 4,586,077 | 32.4 | 7.7 | 24.6 | 73.1 | 4.43 | 61.9 | 66.5 |
2009 | 190,123,222 | 6,126,953 | 1,466,094 | 4,660,859 | 32.2 | 7.7 | 24.5 | 71.8 | 4.36 | 62.1 | 66.5 |
2010 | 194,454,498 | 6,251,649 | 1,479,575 | 4,772,074 | 32.1 | 7.6 | 24.5 | 70.5 | 4.30 | 62.3 | 66.9 |
2011 | 198,602,738 | 6,344,791 | 1,497,860 | 4,846,931 | 31.9 | 7.5 | 24.3 | 68.8 | 4.23 | 62.5 | 67.1 |
2012 | 202,205,861 | 6,416,601 | 1,518,663 | 4,897,938 | 31.6 | 7.5 | 24.1 | 67.1 | 4.17 | 62.7 | 67.2 |
2013 | 205,337,562 | 6,432,644 | 1,512,911 | 4,919,733 | 31.2 | 7.3 | 23.8 | 65.5 | 4.11 | 63.0 | 67.6 |
2014 | 208,251,628 | 6,374,716 | 1,522,217 | 4,852,499 | 30.5 | 7.3 | 23.2 | 63.8 | 4.01 | 63.1 | 67.7 |
2015 | 210,969,298 | 6,297,466 | 1,504,820 | 4,792,646 | 29.7 | 7.1 | 22.6 | 62.1 | 3.90 | 63.5 | 68.2 |
2016 | 213,524,840 | 6,291,208 | 1,510,500 | 4,780,708 | 29.3 | 7.0 | 22.3 | 60.4 | 3.83 | 63.7 | 68.3 |
2017 | 216,379,655 | 6,289,965 | 1,496,276 | 4,793,689 | 29.0 | 6.9 | 22.1 | 58.8 | 3.76 | 64.0 | 68.8 |
2018 | 219,731,479 | 6,302,081 | 1,508,129 | 4,793,952 | 28.6 | 6.8 | 21.8 | 57.1 | 3.69 | 64.2 | 69.0 |
2019 | 223,293,280 | 6,330,933 | 1,514,600 | 4,816,333 | 28.3 | 6.8 | 21.5 | 55.5 | 3.62 | 64.6 | 69.1 |
2020 | 227,196,741 | 6,362,705 | 1,606,293 | 4,756,412 | 28.0 | 7.1 | 20.9 | 53.9 | 3.56 | 63.9 | 68.8 |
2021 | 231,402,117 | 6,374,741 | 1,660,400 | 4,714,341 | 27.5 | 7.2 | 20.4 | 52.3 | 3.47 | 63.8 | 68.6 |
Human development
Human Development Index
Pakistan's
2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:[37]
Rank | Region | HDI (2018)[37] |
---|---|---|
Medium human development | ||
1 | Islamabad Capital Territory | 0.875 |
2 | Azad Jammu & Kashmir
|
0.611 |
3 | Gilgit-Baltistan | 0.593 |
4 | Punjab | 0.567 |
– | Pakistan (average) | 0.561 |
Low human development | ||
5 | Sindh | 0.533 |
6 | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 0.529 |
7 | Balochistan | 0.477 |
8 | FATA
|
0.466 |
Literacy
definition: aged 10 and over with the "Ability to read and understand simple text in any language from a newspaper or magazine, write a simple letter and perform basic mathematical calculation (ie, counting and addition/subtraction)." as of 2018[38]
Total population | 62.3% |
Male | 72.5% |
Female | 51.8% |
Educational institutions by kind
- Primary schools: 156,592
- Middle schools: 320,611
- High schools: 23,964
- College of Arts and Sciences: 3,213
- Degree colleges: 1,202
- Technical and vocational institutions: 3,125
- Universities: 197[39]
Nationality, ethnicity, and language
Ethnic groups
The major
Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4 million citizens of Afghanistan who are temporarily residing in Pakistan.[47][48][49] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others.[50]
Foreign-born population in Pakistan
After the
]
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source:[52] | Mostly those born before 1947 |
Languages
Rank | Language | 2017 census | 1998 census | 1981 census | 1961 census | 1951 census |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Punjabi* | 38.78% | 44.15% | 48.17% | 56.39% | 57.08% |
2 | Pashto
|
18.24% | 14.42% | 13.35% | 8.47% | 8.16% |
3 | Sindhi | 14.57% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 12.59% | 12.85% |
4 | Saraiki* | 12.19% | 10.53% | 9.54% | ||
5 | Urdu
|
7.08% | 7.57% | 7.60% | 7.57% | 7.05% |
6 | Balochi | 3.02% | 3.57% | 3.02% | 2.49% | 3.04% |
7 | Others | 6.12% | 4.66% | 5.62% | 12.49% | 11.82% |
- Hindko was included with Punjabiin the 1951 and 1961 censuses.
Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages.[54][55] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.[56][57]
Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups.[54][55] Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[note 2] and Brahui.[9]
Ethnologue lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.[58]
Urdu (national language)
Urdu (اردو) is the national language (قومی زبان) and lingua franca of Pakistan.[59] Although only about 7% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language, it is widely spoken and understood as a second language by the vast majority of Pakistanis.[60][61]
No region in Pakistan uses Urdu as its mother tongue, though it is spoken as the first language of Muslim migrants (known as
Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary school in both English and Urdu medium school systems, which has produced millions of second-language Urdu speakers among people whose native language is one of the other languages of Pakistan – which in turn has led to the absorption of vocabulary from various regional Pakistani languages,[66] while some Urdu vocabularies has also been assimilated by Pakistan's regional languages.[67][68]