February 4
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February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 330 days remain until the end of the year (331 in leap years).
Events
Pre–1600
- 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling sons, Caracalla and Geta, whom he had instructed to make peace.[1]
- Zhao Kuangyin declares himself Emperor Taizu of Song, ending the Later Zhou and beginning the Song dynasty.[2]
- 1169 – A strong earthquake strikes the Ionian coast of Sicily, causing tens of thousands of injuries and deaths, especially in Catania.[3]
- Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, sparking the Thirteen Years' War.[4]
1601–1900
- 1758 – The city of Macapá in Brazil is founded by Sebastião Veiga Cabral.
- U.S. Electoral College.[7]
- 1794 – The French legislature abolishes slavery throughout all territories of the French First Republic.[8] It would be reestablished in the French West Indies in 1802.
- 1797 – The Riobamba earthquake strikes Ecuador, causing up to 40,000 casualties.[9]
- 1801 – John Marshall is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States.
- 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: Britain seizes Guadeloupe.
- 1820 – The Chilean Navy under the command of Lord Cochrane completes the two-day long Capture of Valdivia with just 300 men and two ships.
- Ohio Legislature authorizes the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal.[10]
- 1846 – The first Mormon pioneers make their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, westward towards Salt Lake Valley.
- 1859 – The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.[11]
- 1861 – American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six breakaway U.S. states meet and initiate the process that would form the Confederate States of America on February 8.
- 1899 – The Philippine–American War begins when four Filipino soldiers enter the "American Zone" in Manila, igniting the Battle of Manila.[12]
1901–present
- 1932 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Harbin, Manchuria, falls to Japan.
- 1938 – Adolf Hitler appoints himself as head of the Armed Forces High Command.
- United Service Organization(USO) is created to entertain American troops.
- 1945 – World War II: Santo Tomas Internment Camp is liberated from Japanese authority.
- 1945 – World War II: The Yalta Conference between the "Big Three" (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) opens at the Livadia Palace in the Crimea.
- 1945 – World War II: The British Indian Army and Imperial Japanese Army begin a series of battles known as the Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations.
- 1948 – Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.
- 1961 – The Angolan War of Independence and the greater Portuguese Colonial War begin.
- 1966 – All Nippon Airways Flight 60 plunges into Tokyo Bay, killing 133.
- spacecraft.
- 1974 – The Symbionese Liberation Army kidnaps Patty Hearst in Berkeley, California.
- 1974 – M62 coach bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) explodes a bomb on a bus carrying off-duty British Armed Forces personnel in Yorkshire, England. Nine soldiers and three civilians are killed.
- Richter scale) occurs in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.
- 1976 – In Guatemala and Honduras an earthquake kills more than 22,000.
- elevated train rear-ends another and derails, killing 11 and injuring 180, the worst accident in the agency's history.
- .
- 1997 – En route to Lebanon, two Israeli Sikorsky CH-53 troop-transport helicopters collide in mid-air over northern Galilee, Israel, killing 73.
- 1997 – The Bojnurd earthquake measuring Mw 6.5 strikes Iran. With a Mercalli intensity of VIII, it kills at least 88 and damages 173 villages.[13]
- Mercalli intensityof VII (Very strong). With 2,323 killed, and 818 injured, damage is considered extreme.
- Amadou Diallo is shot 41 timesby four plainclothes New York City police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race relations in the city.
- Federal Republic of Yugoslaviaadopts a new constitution, becoming a loose confederacy between Montenegro and Serbia.
- 2008 – Civic mobilizations in Colombia against FARC, under the name A million voices against the FARC.[18]
- 2015 – TransAsia Airways Flight 235, with 58 people on board, en route from the Taiwanese capital Taipei to Kinmen, crashes into the Keelung River just after takeoff, killing 43 people.
- 2020 – The COVID-19 pandemic causes all casinos in Macau to be closed down for 15 days.[19][20]
Births
Pre–1600
- 1447 – Lodovico Lazzarelli, Italian poet (d. 1500)[21]
- 1495 – Francesco II Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1535)[22]
- 1495 – Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1568)
- 1505 – Mikołaj Rej, Polish poet and author (d. 1580)[23]
- 1575 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and theologian, founded the French school of spirituality (d. 1629)
1601–1900
- 1646 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, German poet and politician (d. 1699)[24]
- 1677 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German violinist and composer (d. 1731)
- 1688 – Pierre de Marivaux, French author and playwright (d. 1763)[25]
- 1725 – Dru Drury, English entomologist and author (d. 1804)[26]
- 1740 – Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and composer (d. 1795)[27]
- 1778 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist, mycologist, and academic (d. 1841)
- 1799 – Almeida Garrett, Portuguese journalist and author (d. 1854)
- 1818 – Emperor Norton, San Francisco eccentric and visionary (d. 1880)[28]
- 1831 – Oliver Ames, American financier and politician, 35th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1895)
- 1848 – Jean Aicard, French poet, author, and playwright (d. 1921)
- 1849 – Jean Richepin, French poet, author, and playwright (d. 1926)
- 1862 – Édouard Estaunié, French novelist (d. 1942)
- 1865 – Abe Isoo, Japanese minister and politician (d. 1949)
- 1868 – Constance Markievicz, Irish revolutionary and first woman elected to the UK House of Commons (d. 1927)
- 1869 – Bill Haywood, American labor organizer (d. 1928)[29]
- 1871 – Friedrich Ebert, German lawyer and politician, first President of Germany (d. 1925)
- 1872 – Gotse Delchev, Bulgarian and Macedonian revolutionary activist (d. 1903)
- 1873 – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1905)
- 1875 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist and engineer (d. 1953)
- 1877 – Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (d. 1953)
- 1881 – Eulalio Gutiérrez, Mexican general and politician, President of Mexico (d. 1939)
- 1881 – Fernand Léger, French painter and sculptor (d. 1955)
- 1881 – Kliment Voroshilov, Soviet politician and Marshal of the Soviet Union, People's Commissar for Defence (d. 1969)[30]
- electron microscopy(d. 1961)
- 1891 – M. A. Ayyangar, Indian lawyer and politician, second Speaker of the Lok Sabha (d. 1978)
- 1892 – E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet and academic (d. 1964)
- 1893 – Raymond Dart, Australian paleoanthropologist (d. 1988)[31]
- 1895 – Nigel Bruce, English actor (d. 1953)
- 1896 – Friedrich Glauser, Austrian-Swiss author (d. 1938)
- 1896 – Friedrich Hund, German physicist and academic (d. 1997)
- Chancellor of West Germany(d. 1977)
- 1899 – Virginia M. Alexander, American physician and founder of the Aspiranto Health Home (d. 1949)
- 1900 – Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (d. 1977)[32]
1901–present
- 1902 – Charles Lindbergh, American pilot and explorer (d. 1974)[33]
- 1902 – Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross, German-English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales(d. 2003)
- 1903 – Alexander Imich, Polish-American chemist, parapsychologist, and academic (d. 2014)
- 1904 – MacKinlay Kantor, American author and screenwriter (d. 1977)[34]
- 1904 – Deng Yingchao, Chinese politician, Chairwoman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (d. 1968)[35]
- 1905 – Hylda Baker, English comedian, actress and music hall performer (d. 1986)
- 1906 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German pastor and theologian (d. 1945)[36]
- 1906 – Letitia Dunbar-Harrison, Irish librarian (d. 1994)[37]
- 1906 – Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer and academic, discovered Pluto (d. 1997)
- 1908 – Julian Bell, English poet and academic (d. 1937)
- 1912 – Ola Skjåk Bræk, Norwegian banker and politician, Norwegian Minister of Industry (d. 1999)
- 1912 – Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian-American conductor (d. 1993)
- 1912 – Byron Nelson, American golfer and sportscaster (d. 2006)[38]
- 1913 – Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)[39]
- 1914 – Alfred Andersch, German-Swiss author and publisher (d. 1980)
- 1915 – William Talman, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1968)
- 1915 – Norman Wisdom, English comedian, actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2010)[40]
- 1917 – Yahya Khan, Pakistan general and politician, third President of Pakistan (d. 1980)
- 1918 – Ida Lupino, English-American actress and director (d. 1995)[38]
- 1918 – Luigi Pareyson, Italian philosopher and author (d. 1991)
- 1920 – Janet Waldo, American actress and voice artist (d. 2016)
- 1921 – Betty Friedan, American author and feminist (d. 2006)[41]
- 1921 – Lotfi Zadeh, Iranian-American mathematician and computer scientist and founder of fuzzy logic(d. 2017)
- 1922 – Bhimsen Joshi, Indian vocalist of the Hindustani classical music tradition (d. 2011)[42]
- 1923 – Conrad Bain, Canadian-American actor (d. 2013)
- 1925 – Russell Hoban, American author and illustrator (d. 2011)[43]
- 1925 – Stanley Karnow, American journalist and historian (d. 2013)
- 1925 – Christopher Zeeman, English mathematician and academic (d. 2016)
- 1926 – Gyula Grosics, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
- 1927 – Rolf Landauer, German-American physicist and academic (d. 1999)
- 1928 – Oscar Cabalén, Argentinian racing driver (d. 1967)
- 1928 – Osmo Antero Wiio, Finnish journalist, academic, and politician (d. 2013)
- 1929 – Jerry Adler, American actor, director, and producer[44]
- 1929 – Paul Burlison, American musician (d. 2003)
- 1929 – Neil Johnston, American basketball player (d. 1978)[45]
- Hungarian Ambassador to the United Kingdom(d. 2012)
- 1930 – Arthur E. Chase, American businessman and politician (d. 2015)
- 1930 – Jim Loscutoff, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
- 1931 – Isabel Perón, Argentinian dancer and politician, 41st President of Argentina[38]
- 1935 – Wallis Mathias, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1994)
- 1935 – Martti Talvela, Finnish opera singer (d. 1989)
- 1935 – Collin Wilcox, American actress (d. 2009)
- 1936 – David Brenner, American comedian, actor, and author (d. 2014)[38]
- 1936 – Gary Conway, American actor[44]
- 1936 – Claude Nobs, Swiss businessman, founded the Montreux Jazz Festival (d. 2013)
- 1937 – Birju Maharaj, Indian dancer, composer, singer and exponent of the Lucknow "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana of Kathak dance (d. 2022)[46]
- 1937 – David Newman, American director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
- 1938 – Frank J. Dodd, American businessman and politician, president of the New Jersey Senate (d. 2010)
- 1939 – Stan Lundine, American lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of New York[47]
- 1940 – George A. Romero, American director and producer (d. 2017)[38]
- 1940 – John Schuck, American actor[38]
- 1941 – Russell Cooper, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of Queensland
- 1941 – Ron Rangi, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1988)
- 1941 – Jiří Raška, Czech skier and coach (d. 2012)
- 1941 – John Steel, English musician and songwriter[44]
- 1943 – Alberto João Jardim, Portuguese journalist and politician, second President of the Regional Government of Madeira
- 1943 – Wanda Rutkiewicz, Lithuanian-Polish mountaineer (d. 1992)
- 1943 – Ken Thompson, American computer scientist and programmer, co-developed the B programming language
- 1944 – Florence LaRue, American singer and actress
- 1944 – Alan Shields, American artist and ship captain (d. 2005)[48]
- 1947 – Dennis C. Blair, American admiral and politician, third Director of National Intelligence
- 1947 – Dan Quayle, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 44th Vice President of the United States[38]
- 1948 – Alice Cooper, American singer-songwriter[44]
- 1948 – Mienoumi Tsuyoshi, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1949 – Michael Beck, American actor[44]
- 1949 – Rasim Delić, Bosnian general (d. 2010)
- 1951 – Patrick Bergin, Irish actor
- 1952 – Lisa Eichhorn, American actress, writer, and producer[44]
- 1952 – Jenny Shipley, New Zealand politician, Prime Minister of New Zealand[49]
- 1952 – Thomas Silverstein, American criminal and prisoner (d. 2019)
- 1955 – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Slovak politician, Prime Minister of Slovakia
- 1957 – Matthew Cobb, British zoologist and author[50]
- 1958 – Tomasz Pacyński, Polish journalist and author (d. 2005)
- 1959 – Christian Schreier, German footballer and manager
- 1959 – Lawrence Taylor, American football player[51]
- 1960 – Siobhan Dowd, English author and activist (d. 2007)[52]
- 1960 – Jonathan Larson, American lyricist, composer, and playwright (d. 1996)[53]
- 1961 – Denis Savard, Canadian ice hockey player and coach[54]
- 1962 – Clint Black, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[44]
- 1962 – Vern Fleming, American basketball player[55]
- 1963 – Noodles, American musician and songwriter[44]
- 1963 – Pirmin Zurbriggen, Swiss skier
- 1964 – Elke Philipp, German Paralympic equestrian[56]
- 1965 – Jerome Brown, American football player (d. 1992)
- 1966 – Viatcheslav Ekimov, Russian cyclist
- 1967 – Sergei Grinkov, Russian figure skater (d. 1995)
- 1970 – Gabrielle Anwar, English-American actress[44]
- 1970 – Hunter Biden, American attorney and lobbyist[57]
- 1971 – Rob Corddry, American actor, producer, and screenwriter[44]
- 1971 – Michael A. Goorjian, American actor, director, and writer[44]
- 1972 – Giovanni, Brazilian footballer and manager
- 1972 – Dara Ó Briain, Irish comedian and television host
- 1973 – Oscar De La Hoya, American boxer[44]
- 1975 – Natalie Imbruglia, Australian singer-songwriter and actress[44]
- 1976 – Cam'ron, American rapper and actor[58]
- 1977 – Gavin DeGraw, American singer-songwriter[44]
- 1979 – Giorgio Pantano, Italian racing driver
- 1980 – Raimonds Vaikulis, Latvian basketball player
- 1981 – Jason Kapono, American basketball player[59]
- 1981 – Johan Vansummeren, Belgian cyclist
- 1982 – Ivars Timermanis, Latvian basketball player
- 1983 – Hannibal Buress, American comedian and actor[38]
- 1983 – Rebecca White, Australian politician[60]
- 1984 – Doug Fister, American baseball player[61]
- 1984 – Mauricio Pinilla, Chilean footballer
- 1986 – Maximilian Götz, German racing driver
- 1986 – Mahmudullah Riyad, Bangladeshi cricketer[62]
- 1987 – Darren O'Dea, Irish footballer[63]
- 1987 – Lucie Šafářová, Czech tennis player
- 1988 – Charlie Barnett, American actor[44]
- 1988 – Carly Patterson, American gymnast and singer[64]
- 1989 – Lavoy Allen, American basketball player[65]
- 1996 – Mohamed Sherif, Egyptian footballer[66]
- 1998 – Malik Monk, American basketball player[67]
- 1998 – Maximilian Wöber, Austrian footballer
- 2003 – Kyla Kenedy, American actress[44]
- 2003 – Rasmus Højlund, Danish footballer[68]
Deaths
Pre–1600
- 211 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (b. 145)[69]
- 708 – Pope Sisinnius (b. 650)
- 856 – Rabanus Maurus, Frankish archbishop and theologian (b. 780)
- 870 – Ceolnoth, archbishop of Canterbury
- 1169 – John of Ajello, Bishop of Catania
- 1498 – Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Italian artist (b. 1429/1433)
- 1505 – Jeanne de Valois, daughter of Louis XI of France (b. 1464)
- 1508 – Conrad Celtes, German poet and scholar (b. 1459)
- 1555 – John Rogers, English clergyman and translator (b. 1505)
- 1590 – Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1517)
1601–1900
- 1615 – Giambattista della Porta, Italian playwright and scholar (b. 1535)
- 1617 – Lodewijk Elzevir, Dutch publisher, co-founded the House of Elzevir (b. 1546)
- 1713 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English philosopher and politician (b. 1671)
- 1774 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (b. 1701)
- 1781 – Josef Mysliveček, Czech composer (b. 1737)[70]
- 1799 – Étienne-Louis Boullée, French architect and educator (b. 1728)
- 1843 – Theodoros Kolokotronis, Greek general (b. 1770)
- 1891 – Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos, Roman Catholic archbishop and Mexican politician who served as regent during the Second Mexican Empire (b. 1816)[71]
1901–present
- 1905 – Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor and academic (b. 1841)
- 1912 – Franz Reichelt, French tailor and inventor (b. 1878)[72]
- İskilipli Âtıf Hodja, Turkish author and scholar (b. 1875)
- 1928 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)
- 1933 – Archibald Sayce, English linguist and educator (b. 1846)
- NSDAP/AO (b. 1895)[73]
- 1940 – Nikolai Yezhov, Russian police officer and politician (b. 1895)
- 1943 – Frank Calder, English-Canadian ice hockey player and journalist (b. 1877)
- 1944 – Arsen Kotsoyev, Russian author and translator (b. 1872)
- 1956 – Savielly Tartakower, Russian-French chess player, journalist, and author (b. 1887)
- 1958 – Henry Kuttner, American author and screenwriter (b. 1915)
- 1959 – Una O'Connor, Irish-American actress (b. 1880)
- 1968 – Neal Cassady, American novelist and poet (b. 1926)
- 1970 – Louise Bogan, American poet and critic (b. 1897)
- 1974 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist, mathematician, and academic (b. 1894)
- 1975 – Louis Jordan, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (b. 1908)
- 1982 – Alex Harvey, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1935)
- 1982 – Georg Konrad Morgen, German lawyer and judge (b. 1909)
- 1983 – Karen Carpenter, American singer (b. 1950)
- 1987 – Liberace, American singer-songwriter and pianist, (b. 1919)
- 1987 – Meena Keshwar Kamal, Afghan activist, founded the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (b. 1956)[74]
- 1987 – Carl Rogers, American psychologist and academic (b. 1902)
- 1990 – Whipper Billy Watson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1915)
- 1992 – John Dehner, American actor (b. 1915)
- 1995 – Patricia Highsmith, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1921)
- 2000 – Carl Albert, American lawyer and politician, 54th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1908)
- Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg(b. 1907)
- 2003 – Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algerian pharmacist and politician (b. 1920)
- 2004 – Hilda Hilst, Brazilian poet, novelist, and playwright (b. 1930)[75]
- 2005 – Ossie Davis, American actor, director, and playwright (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Betty Friedan, American author and activist (b. 1921)
- José Carlos Bauer, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1925)
- 2007 – Ilya Kormiltsev, Russian-English poet and translator (b. 1959)
- 2007 – Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (b. 1934)
- 2007 – Jules Olitski, Ukrainian-American painter and sculptor (b. 1922)
- 2007 – Alfred Worm, Austrian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1945)[76]
- 2008 – Augusta Dabney, American actress (b. 1918)
- 2008 – Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland(b. 1942)
- 2010 – Kostas Axelos, Greek-French philosopher and author (b. 1924)
- 2010 – Helen Tobias-Duesberg, Estonian-American composer (b. 1919)
- 2011 – Martial Célestin, Haitian lawyer and politician, first Prime Minister of Haiti (b. 1913)
- 2012 – István Csurka, Hungarian journalist and politician (b. 1934)
- 2012 – Florence Green, English soldier (b. 1901)
- 2012 – Robert Daniel, American farmer, soldier, and politician (b. 1936)
- 2012 – Mike deGruy, American director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1951)
- 2012 – Susanne Suba, Hungarian-born watercolorist and illustrator, active in the United States (b. 1913)[77]
- 2013 – Donald Byrd, American trumpet player (b. 1932)
- 2013 – Reg Presley, English singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
- 2014 – Keith Allen, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1923)
- 2014 – Eugenio Corti, Italian soldier, author, and playwright (b. 1921)
- 2014 – Dennis Lota, Zambian footballer (b. 1973)
- 2015 – Fitzhugh L. Fulton, American colonel and pilot (b. 1925)
- 2016 – Edgar Mitchell, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930)
- 2017 – Steve Lang, Canadian bass player (b. 1949)
- 2017 – Bano Qudsia, Pakistani writer (b. 1928)
- 2018 – John Mahoney, English-American actor, voice artist, and comedian (b. 1940)[78]
- 2019 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish Olympic-winning ski jumper and singer (b. 1963)[79]
- 2020 – Daniel arap Moi, Former President of Kenya (b. 1924)[80]
- 2021 – Millie Hughes-Fulford, American astronaut, molecular biologist and NASA payload specialist (b. 1945)[81]
- 2023 – Vani Jairam, Indian playback singer (b. 1945)[82]
- 2023 – Sherif Ismail, 53rd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1955)[83]
- 2024 – Barry John, Welsh rugby player (b. 1945) [84]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Earliest day on which Ash Wednesday can fall, while March 10 is the latest; celebrated on the first day of Lent (Western Christianity)
- Independence Day (Sri Lanka)[88]
- Rosa Parks Day (California and Missouri, United States)
- World Cancer Day
- International Day of Human Fraternity
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