Herrera Period
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The Herrera Period is a phase in the
Ample evidence of the Herrera Period has been uncovered on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The main archaeologists contributing to the present knowledge about the Herrera Period are the
Etymology
The Herrera Period is named after
Background
The region of the Herrea Period and later Muisca Confederation, the Altiplano Cundiboyacense; high plateau of the central Colombian Andes has been inhabited since 12,400 years BP. The earliest evidence for inhabitation (lithic tools) are found in El Abra and Tequendama.[6] This lithic period is roughly defined as from 12,400 to 1000 BCE.[7] Later sites are Aguazuque and Checua.
The people from the Herrera Period performed agriculture, as evidenced in among others the
The Late Herrera Period coincides with the Nahuange Period (200-900) of the Tairona.[12]
Archaeological sites
Archaeological evidence of the Herrera Period has been found in numerous places on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, among others in
The site in Soacha is one of the most important finds from the Herrera Period, dating from 400 BCE onwards, into the age of the Muisca.
Timeline
Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia | |
Classifications
Over the years and based on new findings, various authors have defined periods of Herrera and Muisca. Regional variations also exist, listed below.
Author | Name | Start age | End age | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Romano, 2003 | Early Herrera | 900 BCE | 0 | [1][22] |
Late Herrera | 0 | 700 | ||
Early Muisca | 700 | 1100 | ||
Late Muisca | 1100 | 1600 | ||
Kruschek, 2003 | Herrera | 800 BCE | 800 | [1][23] |
Early Muisca | 800 | 1200 | ||
Late Muisca | 1200 | 1600 | ||
Boada, 2003 | Herrera | 300 BCE | 200 | [1] |
Early Muisca | 200 | 1000 | ||
Late Muisca | 1000 | 1600 | ||
Cárdenas & Kleef, 1996 | Herrera | 1500 BCE | 800 | [24] |
Muisca | 800 | 1600 | ||
Peña, 1991 | Early Herrera | 14th century BCE | 4th century BCE | [1] |
Middle Herrera | 4th century BCE | 1st century CE | ||
Late Herrera | 6th century CE | 10th century CE | ||
Early Muisca | ||||
Late Muisca | ||||
Langebaek, 1986 | Herrera | [1] | ||
Muisca | ||||
Modern | ||||
Schrimpff, 1981 | Herrera | 400 BCE | 200 | [1] |
Muisca | 1400 | 1500 |
Regional variations
Western slopes of the Eastern Ranges
Author | Name | Start age | End age | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argüello, 2004 | Herrera | 800 BCE | 800 | [1] |
Pubenza | 800 | 1000 | ||
Late Period | 1000 | 1550 | ||
Modern | >1550 | |||
Schrimpff, 1976 | Period I | 750 | 1200 | [1] |
Period II | 1200 | 1550 |
Boyacá
Author | Name | Start age | End age | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Langebaek, 2001 | Herrera | 400 BCE | 700 | [1] |
Late Herrera | 700 | 1000 | ||
Early Muisca | 1000 | 1200 | ||
Late Muisca | 1200 | 1600 | ||
Modern | >1600 | |||
Boada, 2007 | Late Herrera | 700 | 1000 | [1] |
Early Muisca | 1000 | 1300 | ||
Late Muisca | 1300 | 1600 |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (in Spanish) Chronology of pre-Columbian periods: Herrera and Muisca
- ^ Kruschek, 2003
- ^ Langebaek, 1995, Ch. 4, p. 70
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Lake
- ^ Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 87
- ^ Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 29
- ^ (in Spanish) Lithic Period in Engativá
- ^ Nieto Escalante et al., 2010, p. 96
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period evidence in Boyacá
- ^ Argüello García, 2015, p. 56
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period agriculture at the Thomas van der Hammen Reserve Archived 2016-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Tairona at the Museo del Oro, Bogotá
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period evidence in Sopó
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period evidence in Soacha – El Espectador
- ^ (in Spanish) Largest Herrera Period village in Soacha Archived 2016-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period evidence in Usme – El Tiempo
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period evidence in Iza and Gámeza
- ^ Cardale Schrimpff, 1985, p. 104
- ^ Cárdenas & Kleef in Reyes Zambrano, 1995, Ch. 2.1.3
- ^ Adriaan Alsema, Archaeologists uncover remains of pre-Columbian village in central Colombia. November 1, 2014
- ^ a b (in Spanish) Dating of the Soacha Herrera Period site Archived 2016-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Argüello García, 2015, p. 38
- ^ (in Spanish) Herrera Period – Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Banco de la República
Bibliography
- Argüello García, Pedro María. 2015. Subsistence economy and chiefdom emergence in the Muisca area. A study of the Valle de Tena (PhD), 1–193. University of Pittsburgh. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Cardale de Schrimpff, Marianne. 1985. En busca de los primeros agricultores del Altiplano Cundiboyacense - Searching for the first farmers of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, 99–125. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Correal Urrego, Gonzalo. 1990. Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges, 1-316. Banco de la República: Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Kruschek, Michael H.. 2003. The evolution of the Bogotá chiefdom: A household view (PhD), 1-271. University of Pittsburgh. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Langebaek Rueda, Carl Henrik. 1995. Arqueología Regional en el Territorio Muisca: Juego de Datos del Proyecto Valle de Fúquene - Regional Archaeology in the Muisca Territory: A Study of the Fúquene and Susa Valleys, 1-215. Center for Comparative Arch, University of Pittsburgh. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Nieto Escalante, Juan Antonio; Claudia Inés Sepulveda Fajardo; Luis Fernando Sandoval Sáenz; Ricardo Fabian Siachoque Bernal; Jair Olando Fajardo Fajardo; William Alberto Martínez Díaz; Orlando Bustamante Méndez, and Diana Rocio Oviedo Calderón. 2010. Geografía de Colombia - Geography of Colombia, 1-367. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi.
- Reyes Zambrano, Pedro; Tamara Cárdenas, and Antoine M. Kleef. 1995. El páramo: un ecosistema de alta montaña - The páramo: an ecosystem of the high mountains, 1-168. Accessed 2016-07-08.
Further reading
- Boada Rivas, Ana María. 2006. Patrones de asentamiento regional y sistemas de agricultura intensiva en Cota y Suba, Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia) - Regional settlement patterns and intensive agricultural systems in Cota and Suba, Bogotá savanna (Colombia), 1–181. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Lleras Pérez, Roberto. 1989. Arqueología del alto Valle de Tenza - Archaeology of the upper Tenza Valley, 1–148. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Peña León, Germán Alberto. 1991. Exploraciones arqueológicas en la cuenca media del Río Bogotá - Archaeological explorations in the Bogotá River basin, 1–138. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.