Panche people
The Panche or Tolima is an
Panche territory
The Panche were inhabiting the lower altitude southwestern areas of the Cundinamarca department, close to the Magdalena River. Their northern neighbours were the
The Panche people were organized in a loose confederation with different subgroups whose names still remain as municipalities of Cundinamarca.
Municipalities belonging to Panche territories
Name | Department | Altitude (m) urban centre |
Map |
---|---|---|---|
Albán | Cundinamarca | 2245 | |
Anapoima | Cundinamarca | 710 | |
Anolaima | Cundinamarca | 1657 | |
Apulo | Cundinamarca | 420 | |
Beltrán | Cundinamarca | 235 | |
Bituima | Cundinamarca | 1627 | |
Cachipay
|
Cundinamarca | 1600 | |
Chaguaní | Cundinamarca | 1200 | |
El Colegio | Cundinamarca | 990 | |
Girardot | Cundinamarca | 326 | |
Guaduas | Cundinamarca | 992 | |
Guataquí | Cundinamarca | 227 | |
Guayabal de Síquima | Cundinamarca | 1630 | |
La Mesa | Cundinamarca | 1200 | |
Nilo | Cundinamarca | 336 | |
Nimaima | Cundinamarca | 1085 | |
Nocaima | Cundinamarca | 1105 | |
Pulí | Cundinamarca | 1270 | |
Quipile | Cundinamarca | 2012 | |
Ricaurte | Cundinamarca | 284 | |
San Juan de Rioseco | Cundinamarca | 1303 | |
Sasaima | Cundinamarca | 1203 | |
Muisca )
|
Cundinamarca | 1647 | |
Tocaima | Cundinamarca | 400 | |
Vianí | Cundinamarca | 1498 | |
Viotá | Cundinamarca | 567 | |
Ambalema | Tolima | 241 | |
Honda | Tolima | 229 | |
Mariquita | Tolima | 495 |
Description
The Panche were a strong group of warriors who fought numerous battles with the neighbouring Muisca. They walked partially naked and were ornamented with earrings, feathers and golden pieces.[5]
The Panche hunted and fought wars with their enemies using sticks and clubs and poisoned arrows. They used poison of spiders and snakes for their arrows.[5]
Like other indigenous peoples of the Americas, such as the
According to Pedro Simón, the Panche performed cannibalism on parts of their conquered enemies.[7] Some sources state they ate everything except for the heads, which they hung in their bohíos.[8] However, later research by various researchers has found no evidence for cannibalism and attribute the cannibalistic ideas to the Spanish conquistadores.[9]
In terms of their burial practices the Panches differed from their neighbours that the dead were not oriented in a fixed position, like the Muisca with their heads to the east and the Muzo with their heads to the west.[10]
History
The Panche civilization has been described from 300 AD onwards.[1] Around the year 1000 migrations from the Caribbean coast of Colombia happened inward.[11]
After the Spanish conquest and the installation of the New Kingdom of Granada, the Panche quickly diminished due to their resistance against the Spanish conquistadores.[12] The first Spanish conquerors who invaded the Panche territories were Juan de Céspedes and Alonso de San Martín.[7] Later conquest was performed by Hernán Venegas Carrillo.
More than 2000 artefacts from the Panche are stored in the Museo del Oro in Bogotá.[5]
1543–44 - Expedition Hernán Venegas Carrillo
Name | Department | Date | Year | Note(s) | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bituima | Cundinamarca | 15 August | 1543 | [13] | |
Chaguaní | Cundinamarca | 1543 | [14] | ||
Apulo | Cundinamarca | 5 January | 1544 | [15] | |
Tocaima | Cundinamarca | 20 March | 1544 | [16] |
See also
- Muisca
- Muzo
- Pijao, Sutagao
- Colombian mythology
- Indigenous peoples in Colombia
References
- ^ a b c The lost Panches
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Panche". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ (in Spanish) Meaning Panche according to Pedro Simón
- ^ De Perdomo, 1975, p.249-250
- ^ a b c d Martínez, 2005
- ^ (in Spanish) Petroglyphs of the Panche people
- ^ a b De Perdomo, 1975, p.253
- ^ (in Spanish) Cannibalism of the Panche - El Espectador
- ^ Francis, 1993, pp.14-15
- ^ De Perdomo, 1975, p.275
- ^ (in Spanish) Panche culture and migrations
- ^ Chair of the Panche chief, resistance against the Spanish
- ^ (in Spanish) Official website Bituima[permanent dead link]
- ^ (in Spanish) Official website Chaguaní Archived 2015-05-16 at archive.today
- ^ (in Spanish) Official website Apulo[permanent dead link]
- ^ (in Spanish) Official website Tocaima Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today
Bibliography
- Francis, John Michael. 1993. "Muchas hipas, no minas" The Muiscas, a merchant society: Spanish misconceptions and demographic change (M.A.), 1-118. University of Alberta.
- Martínez, Ángel. 2005. Los Panches - Los inconquistables Panches del Magdalena - The Panche - the unconquerable Panches of the Magdalena River, 1-207. Liliana Pérez Illera, Ángel Martínez T & MJ Editores. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- De Perdomo, Lucia R.. 1975. Excavacaciones arqueológicas en zona Panche - Guaduas, Cundinamarca - Archaeological excavations in the Panche area - Guaduas, Cundinamarca, 247-289. Accessed 2016-07-08.