Isa Khan
Isa Khan ঈশা খাঁ | |
---|---|
Masnad-i-Ala | |
Died | September 1599 (age 70) Baktarpur, Bhati region, Mughal Empire |
Burial | Baktarpur, Kaliganj Upazila, Gazipur, Bangladesh |
Spouse | Fatema Khatun Sona Bibi |
Issue | Musa Dawud Mahmud Abdullah Ilyas |
House | Sarail Fort |
Father | Sulaiman Khan |
Mother | Syeda Momena Khatun |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Isa Khan (
Early life and background
Isa Khan was born in the 16th-century into a
Following the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah, Isa's father declared himself as the legal successor and revolted against the Sur Empire. He was later killed in battle.[1]
Rise to power
With the help of Taj Khan, a
From the inscription on a cannon, it is known that by 1593-1594 Isa Khan was using the title Masnad-i-Ala. Various theories have been put forward regarding who might have been granted him the title.[6] Historian Abdul Karim believes he assumed the title himself sometime after 1581–1582.[7]
Military campaigns
The ruling of Karrani dynasty ended when Daud Khan was defeated in the
Battle against Khan Jahan
In 1578, Mughal Subahdar of Bengal,
However, before Isa returned to
According to descriptions by Rajmala, Khan, who became the Zamindar of Sarail, sent one thousand labourers for Amar Manikya along with other Zamindars of Bengal in response to the request made by Manikya to excavate the Amar Sagar Dighi at around 1580 AD. Besides, as the naval commander of Manikya, Khan fought against the Zamindars of
Battle against Shahbaz Khan
In 1583, Mughal General Shahbaz Khan destroyed Isa's palace in Baktiarpur.[15] In September 1584,[16] the then-subahdar Shahbaz crossed Ganges near Khizirpur and attacked Sonargaon, Katrabo and Egarasindhur[1] and pursued the defeated Pathan forces under Masum Kabuli up to Bikrampur in Dhaka, the cunning Isa then deluded negotiation of surrender and delayed the attack of Mughal general for several months. However, in 1584, Isa and Masum Khan Kabuli, deploying musket and gunpowder artilleries, launched a counterattack which finally defeated Shahbaz Khan in the naval and land battles of Egarasindur and Bhawal,[17] and even killing one of Mughal general,[8]then Shahbaz Khan retreated to Tandah.[18]
Battle against Laksmana Singh Hajra
In 1585, he attacked two Koch rulers, Ram Hazra and Lakshman Hazra, and occupied their Jangalbari Fort (in present-day Karimganj Upazila, Kishoreganj).[19]
Another source from local tradition was recorded that this happened in 1586 after Man Singh had defeated him in the battle of Egarasindhur. In the same year, Mughal Subahdar Shahbaz Khan again sent his forces against Isa to the south.[20]
Second battle against Shahbaz Khan
With the help of reinforcements by Emperor
He even promised the Mughals he would dispatch Ma'sum Khan Kabuli, the renegade to a compulsory Pilgrimage to Mecca, something that viewed as an act of banishment.
In late 1586, Ralph Fitch, an English traveler and merchant, came to Sonargaon, Bengal's eastern districts and stated,
They be all hereabout Rebels against the King Zebaldin Echebar (Jalaluddin Akbar) for here are so many Rivers and Iands, that they flee from one to another, whereby his Horsemen cannot prevaile against them. The chief King of all these Countries is called Isacan (Isa Khan), and he is chief of all the other Kings, and is a great friend to all Christians.[21]
Later on in 1588, he was involved in conflicts against Chand Rai and Kedar Rai.[1]
Battle against Raghudev
Isa continued his campaign against the
Battle against Durjan Singh
On 17 March 1594,
It is recorded that in this clash, Isa personally fought Man Singh in a duel.[27] However, the duel ended inconclusively when Isa Khan stopped fighting after Man Singh's sword broke. The noble gesture touched Man Singh and both men developed respect for each other which culminated into a friendship. Man Singh's respect for his rival was later made evident; when Isa sought to submit to the Mughal under a guarantee that it was wiser for Mughals not to incite a full invasion, Man Singh accompanied him to the Mughal court.[citation needed]
Administration
Due to his submission, Akbar assigned 22 parganas or administrative units under the ruling of Isa.[28]
- Atia
- Kagmari
- Barabaju
- Sherpur (now Sherpur District)
- Jayan Shahi
- Alapsing
- Mymensingh
- Jafarshah
- Nasirujiral
- Khaliajury
- Gangamandal
- Paitkura
- Bardakhat
- Swarnagram (Now Sonargaon Upazila)
- Baradakhat Mandra
- Husainsahi
- Bhawal
- Maheswardi
- Katrar
- Kurikhai
- Jour Husainpur
- Singdha
- Darjibaju
- Hajradi
Marriage
Khan first married his maternal cousin Fatima Bibi, a daughter of his aunt
Descendants
Khan's son,
As of 2005, Dewan Amin Dau Khan, the 14th descendant of Isa has been living in Jangalbari Fort in Egarasindur village. The fort seemed to have a circular front and had 40 rooms. The fort was mostly destroyed during an earthquake in 1893.[37]
Death and legacy
So called alliance between Kedar Ray and Isa Khan turned into animosity as Isa Khan abducted Kedar's widow niece Swornomoyee. Rattled by this, Kedar Ray invaded Isha khan's capital, tearing down the Kalagachhia and other forts one after another up until his death in 1599. Frightened by Kedar Ray's attack, Isa soon fled to Medinipur.[38] Kedar Ray continued to occupy the zamindari of Isa Khan.
Khan died there[21] in September 1599.[39] His tomb remains in the village of Baktarpur in Kaliganj Upazila, Gazipur District of Bangladesh.[40]
On 12 February 1909, a farmer unearthed seven cannons in Monwarbagh in
Bangladesh Navy has named a base, BNS Issa Khan in his honour. The base, BNS Issa Khan, was the first Bangladesh Navy base to receive the national standard in 1974.[42]
Popular culture
On 15 September 1992, Bangladesh issued a commemorative stamp in honour of Isa.[39]
A
DA Tayeb made a movie named Isa Khan.
See also
Original sources
Primary
- Akbar-nama/Book of Akbar Volume 3:Ain-i-Akbari
- Memoirs of Bengal by Ralph Fitch
- Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi
- Chronicle of Bhara Buiyans by Baharistan-i-Ghaibi
Secondary
- NK Bhattasali, Bengal Chiefs' Struggle for Independence in the Reign of Akbar and Jahangir, Bengal Past and Present, 38, 1929;
- MA Rahim, The History of the Afghans in India, Karachi, 1961;
- Abdul Karim, History of Bengal (Mughal Period), I, Rajshahi, 1992.
References
- ^ OL 30677644M. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Roy, Atul Chandra (1968). History of Bengal: Mughal Period (1526-1765). Kolkata: Nababharat Publishers. p. 50.
- ^ Abdur Rahim, Mohammad, ed. (1995). Islam in Bangladesh Through Ages. Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. p. 30.
Isamil and Isa were his sons by this wife
- ^ Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 164.
- Rajshahi University: Institute of Bangladesh Studies.
- OCLC 28183749.
- OCLC 28183749.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8108-8024-5.
- ISBN 978-0-520-20507-9.
- ^ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Egarasindhur". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ Akbarnama, Volume III, Page 377
- OCLC 605538661.
The Queen then asked the king to provide Icha khan with an army ... An army fifty two thousand strong was ordered to accompany Icha khan
- ^ Chowdhury, Kamal. Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaja Pratapidtya. p. 170.
- OCLC 924890.
After this Khān-i-Jahān returned to Sihhatpur, in the suburbs of Tāndā ... and there he died after a long illness, on 19th December, 1578.
- ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 322.
- ISBN 978-81-7648-469-5. Archivedfrom the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-14-341678-4.
- ISBN 978-0-14-341678-4.
- ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 315.
- ^ a b c Shahnaj Husne Jahan. "Jangalbari Fort". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Eaton, Richard (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ Called Koch Hajo in Persian chronicles, Kamrup in local sources (Nath 1989:86).
- ^ ISBN 978-81-250-0333-5.
- ISBN 978-81-7099-109-0.
- ^ "The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ Shahnaj Husne Jahan. "Katrabo". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ISBN 978-81-7268-194-4.
- ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 328.
- ^ Syed Muhammed Taifoor, Glimpses of Old Dhaka: a short historical narration of East Bengal and Aassam (1965), p. 94
- ^ Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 143.
- ^ Muazzam Hussain Khan. "Musa Khan". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ a b Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 398.
- ^ a b Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Dewan Munawar Khan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ISBN 9781780938004. Archivedfrom the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-81-206-1265-5.
- ^ Wise, James (1874). "Notes on Sunargaon, Eastern Bengal". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 43: 82–96.
- ^ Khodeja Sultana Lopa (16 April 2005). "The Rich Tradition of Kishoreganj". Star Weekend Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ^ Medinipurer Itihas, Jogendranath Basu
- ^ a b "Bangladesh Commemorative Stamps −1992". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008.
- ^ Sharif Ahmad Shamim (19 November 2017). ঈশা খাঁর কবর গাজীপুরে! [Isa Khar Qobor Gazipure]. Kaler Kantho (in Bengali). Gazipur. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ Naher, Sabikun; Lahiri, Surajit; Chattopadhyay, Pranab K. (2014). "Pre-Mughal Cannons of Bengal: A Re-evaluation". Pratna Samiksha. New Series 5: 53–71. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ "PM confers National Standard to BNS Osman". Dhaka Tribune. 11 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Jatra pala Isa Khan staged". New Age. 21 October 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- Hussainy Chisti, Syed Hasan Imam (1999), Sharif Uddin Ahmed (ed.), "Arabic and Persian in Sylhet", Sylhet: History and Heritage, Bangladesh Itihas Samiti, ISBN 978-984-31-0478-6