Krishnasami Venkataraman

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Krishnaswami Venkataraman
Born(1901-06-07)7 June 1901
Baker-Venkataraman transformation
RelativesK. Swaminathan (brother)
Krishnaswami Srinivas Sanjivi (brother)
Madhav Sharma (nephew)
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
  • University Department of Chemical Technology
  • Robert Robinson
    • Doctoral students

    Krishnaswami Venkataraman

    USSR Academy of Sciences, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Indian National Science Academy. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the third highest Indian civilian award, in 1961.[1]

    Biography

    Chennai Presidency College
    Jackfruit
    Morus alba

    Krishnaswami Venkataraman was born on 7 June 1901 in Madras (present-day

    Voluntary Health Services and is considered by many to be the father of the primary health care movement in India.[3] Madhav Sharma
    , an actor of films and television, is his nephew.

    He studied chemistry at

    Robert Robinson which earned him a PhD and later a DSc from the University of Manchester.[2]

    On his return to India in 1927, he worked at the

    University of Bombay as a reader and became a full Professor of Chemical Engineering in 1936. In 1938, he was appointed as the head of the department and as the director in 1943, thus becoming the first Indian director of the Institute.[5] After retiring from UDCT in 1957, he became the third director of the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, the first Indian director to hold the post.[6] He served as the director of NCL until 1966, but continued his association with the laboratory eve after his retirement.[2]

    Venkataraman married Shakunthala at the age of nineteen when his bride was only fourteen.

    economic historian.[7] Lovraj Kumar, an Indian civil servant and a former secretary of the ministries of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Steel, was his son-in-law and Radha Kumar, a noted author, historian, feminist and academic was his granddaughter.[8] Venkataraman died on 12 May 1981 at New Delhi, survived by his wife and daughter.[2]

    Scientific and professional contributions

    One of the major scientific achievements of Venkataraman was his experiments with

    taxonomical relationship between the two species.[2][note 1]

    Shortly after the

    dyestuff manufacturing company, and this gave him an opportunity to study the international dyestuff industry.[2][note 2] He collected data which was later copied and published as an 8-volume book, The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, which is considered by many as a seminal work on dye chemistry.[11][12] He also submitted a report to the Government of India for the development of dyestuff and intermediaries industry in India, known as the Pai/Venkataraman report which paved way for the development of the industry in the country, earning him the moniker, the father of the Indian dyestuff industry.[13]

    Another of Venkataraman's contributions was his work on

    anthraquinonoid insect pigments. With the help of his findings, he proposed revised structures for kermesic acid and ceroalbolinic acid.[note 3] He was the first scientist in India to use X-ray crystallographers for finding solutions to problems of organic structure.[4]

    During his tenure at UDCT, Venkataraman was instrumental in starting several courses chemical technology, combining pure science and technology.[4] He guided around 85 students in their doctoral research which included such notable chemists as B. D. Tilak,[14][15] B. S. Joshi,[16] Nitya Anand and A. V. Rama Rao.[2][note 4] His contributions are reported in the development of National Chemical Laboratory into one of World's leading research centre in dyestuff chemistry.[9] He sat in the editorial boards of many journals, which included Tetrahedron, Tetrahedron Letters and Indian Journal of Chemistry. Besides The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, he also edited another 612-page book, The Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes[17] and these nine books remain reference texts in the discipline.[18] Besides, he also published 271 scientific articles.[19]

    Venkataraman served as the president of the Indian Academy of Sciences for three terms (1943–46, 1949–55, 1965–67) and as the vice president from 1952 to 1955.[20] He also served as the vice president of the Indian National Science Academy.[9]

    Awards

    Venkataraman was elected a fellow of the

    USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Academy of Sciences.[9]

    The Government of India awarded Venkataraman the third highest civilian award of the

    Acharya P.C. Ray Medal of the Indian Chemical Society.[9]

    Bibliography

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Page 152
    2. ^ Page 154
    3. ^ Quoted directly from source
    4. ^ Page 155
    1. ^ Prior to 1970, the Indian National Science Academy was named the "National Institute of Sciences of India", and its fellows bore the post-nominal "FNI". The post-nominal became "FNA" in 1970 when the association adopted its present name.

    References

    1. ^ a b "Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard". www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Anand, Nitya (22 May 2018). "Krishnaswami Venkataraman (1901–1981)" (PDF). Indian National Science Academy. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    3. ^ "Visionary doctor's legacy". The Hindu. 28 March 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2018.[dead link]
    4. ^ a b c "Father of dyestuff research". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2003. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
    5. ^ "ICT Mumbai". www.ictmumbai.edu.in. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
    6. ^ "CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory". www.ncl-india.org. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
    7. ^ "The last liberal". The Hindu. 4 November 2001. Archived from the original on 25 August 2002. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    8. ^ "Obituary: Lovraj Kumar". The Independent. 1 April 1994. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    9. ^ a b c d e f "INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail". www.insaindia.res.in. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    10. ISSN 0368-1769
      .
    11. ISSN 0021-9584
      .
    12. ISSN 0036-8075
      .
    13. ^ "Chemistry Tree - Krishnaswami Venkataraman". academictree.org. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    14. ^ Panse, G.T. "Bal Dattatreya Tilak Obituary". Archived from the original on 25 February 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
    15. ISBN 978-0-470-18816-3
      .
    16. ^ "B.S. Joshi's scientific contributions". ResearchGate. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    17. OCLC 2542360
      .
    18. ISSN 0570-0833
      .
    19. ^ "Krishnaswami Venkataraman - NeglectedScience". www.neglectedscience.com. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    20. ^ "Fellow profile - Indian Academy of Sciences". www.ias.ac.in. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    21. doi:10.1039/JR93200BA001
      .
    22. ^ "Fellowship - Indian Academy of Sciences". www.ias.ac.in. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
    23. ^ a b "INSA :: Biographical Memoirs". insaindia.res.in. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
    24. ^ "Mitgliederverzeichnis". www.leopoldina.org (in German). Retrieved 26 May 2017.
    25. ^ "INSA :: Awards Recipients". www.insaindia.res.in. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

    Further reading

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnasami_Venkataraman&oldid=1220429442"