Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
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| Louis I | |
|---|---|
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt | |
| Reign | 6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806 |
| Predecessor | Louis IX |
| Born | 14 June 1753 Prenzlau, Brandenburg |
| Died | 6 April 1830 (aged 76) Darmstadt, Hesse |
| Spouse | |
Hesse-Darmstadt | |
| Father | Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| Mother | Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken |
| Grand Ducal Family of Hesse and by Rhine |
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| Louis I |
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Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
Louis was the son of
Rheinhessen
on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
Early life
Hesse-Darmstadt
(1769).Louis was born on 14 June 1753 as the third child and eldest son of the later Landgrave
hereditary prince
.
Ludwig studied at the
Marriage
In 1776, he became engaged to
Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, eldest daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. The engagement was broken off so that Sophia Dorothea could marry Louis's recently widowed brother-in-law Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, son and heir of Catherine II "the Great", Empress of Russia
. He received a monetary compensation when the engagement was broken.
After this humiliating incident, Louis spent the summer at his sister
Friedrich von Schiller. Louis married his cousin Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of his uncle Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt, on 19 February 1777 in Darmstadt.[4]
The couple lived alternately in Darmstadt and in Fürstenlager Auerbach. They had six children.
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis succeeded as Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt on the death of his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801–1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne.
Grand duke of Hesse
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
, 1825.Allied to
Rheinhessen, with his capital Mainz
on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
Grand Duke Louis I died at the age of 76 on 6 April 1830 in his capital Darmstadt. He was succeeded as Grand Duke by his eldest son Louis II.
In 1844, a 33-meter column called Langer Ludwig (meaning Long Louis), was set up in his commemoration in the middle of the Luisenplatz, the largest square of Darmstadt.
Marriage and family
On 19 February 1777, Louis married his first cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (15 February 1761 – 24 October 1829), a daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt. Together, they had eight children:
- Louis, later Wilhelmine of Badenand had issue.
- Louise (16 January 1779 – 18 April 1811). Married Louis of Anhalt-Köthen and had issue.
- Ludwig Georg Karl Friedrich (31 August 1780 – 17 April 1856). Married, morganatically, Caroline Török de Szendrö and had issue.
- Friedrich August Karl (14 May 1788 – 16 March 1867)
- Stillborn twin daughters (11 May 1789).
- Emil (3 September 1790 – 30 April 1856)
- Ferdinand Gustav Wilhelm Friedrich (18 December 1791 – 30 January 1806)
Ancestry
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References
- ^ a b Eckhart 1987, p. 395.
- ^ a b Walther 1884, p. 551.
- ^ Bröcker, Carl (1894). "Die Freimaurer-Logen Deutschlands von 1737 bis einschliesslich 1893" (in German). Berlin: 92.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Walther 1884, p. 552.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 69.
Bibliography
- Eckhart G. Franz (1987), "Ludwig I., (eigentlich Ludewig)", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 395–396; (full text online)
- Walther, Philip [in German] (1884), "Ludwig I. (Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 19, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 551–557
External links
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