Music of Tibet
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The music of Tibet reflects the cultural heritage of the trans-Himalayan region centered in Tibet, but also known wherever ethnic Tibetan groups are found in Nepal, Bhutan, India and further abroad. The religious music of Tibet reflects the profound influence of Tibetan Buddhism on the culture.
The new-age 'singing bowl' music marketed in the West as 'Tibetan music' is of 1970s US origin.
History
Western research into the history of Tibetan music has often focused more on religious than secular musics.
The Lama Mani tradition – the telling of Buddhist parables through song — dates back to the 12th century. The songs were performed by wandering storytellers, who travelled from village to village, drawing on their own often humble origins to relate to people from all backgrounds. Vividly illustrated Buddhist thangka paintings depicted the narrative and helped the audience understand what was essentially a teaching.
Tibetan "street songs" were a traditional form of expression particularly popular as a means of political and other commentary in a country that was previously without newspapers or other means of mass communication. They provided political and social commentary and satire and are a good example of a
Secular Tibetan music has been promoted by organizations like the
Musical instruments
Wind
- Dungchen(དུང་ཆེན་) or rag-dung (རག་དུང་) - long horn made of copper and/or brass
- Dung-kar or dung-dkar (དུང་དཀར་, literally "white conch") - conch shell horn
- Gyaling (རྒྱ་གླིང་) - shawm
- Kangling (རྐང་གླིང་) or kang-dung (རྐང་དུང་) - trumpet made from a human leg bone, or sometimes wood
- Lingbu (གླིང་བུ་) - flute made from bamboo, or occasionally wood
- Dung-rus gling-bu - flute made from the leg bone of an eagle or vulture
- Kha-wang or gugzi - Jew's harp
String
- Dramyin or sgra-snyan (སྒྲ་སྙན་) - long-necked fretless plucked lute with 6 or 7 strings
- Piwang (པི་ཝང་) - 2-stringed vertical fiddle
- Rgyud-mang (རྒྱུད་མང, literally "many strings") - hammered dulcimer
Percussion
- Chö nga or lak nga - double-headed drum, which is usually held by a handle in the left hand and struck with a curved stick held in the right hand
- Damaru (ཌ་མ་རུ་) - small hourglass drum
- Dhyangro - drum used by Himalayan shamans
- Dril-bu (དྲིལ་བུ་) - handbell
- Gyer-kha (གཡེར་ཁ་) - small decorative bell
- Khar-nga (མཁར་རྔ་) - gong
- Nga or rnga (རྔ་) - term referring to any drum or ritual percussion instrument
- Nga chen or rnga-chen (རྔ་ཆེན་) - large double-headed drum, suspended in a frame and played with two sticks
- Rnga-chung - small double-headed drum
- Lda man (ལྡ་མན་) - a pair of kettledrums
- Rölmo (རོལ་མོ་), also called buk chöl, bup chal, or sbub-chal - hemispherical cymbals
- Silnyen or sil-snyan (སིལ་སྙན་ or སིལ་སྙེན་) - flat cymbals
- Tingsha or ting-shags (ཏིང་ཤགས་) - small cymbals
- Mkhar-rnga bcu-pa - set of 10 tuned gongs in a frame
Popular and modern
Tibetans have a very strong[
In the multi-ethnic provinces of
The first fusion with Western music was Tibetan Bells, a 1972 release by Nancy Hennings and Henry Wolff. The soundtrack to Kundun, by Philip Glass, has helped to popularize Tibetan music.
Foreign styles of popular music have also had a major impact within the
Western representations
Although it is sometimes stated that '
Wolff and Hennings' seminal recording Tibetan Bells was followed by the development of a unique style of American singing bowl music often marketed as 'Tibetan music'.[9] This has remained very popular in the US with many recordings being marketed as World music or New-age music since the introduction of those terms in the 1980s.[10] 'Tibetan singing bowls' have as a result become a prominent visual and musical symbol of Tibet,[9] to the extent that the most prevalent modern representation of Tibet within the US is that of bowls played by Americans.[11]
Gallery
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Musician at Tibetan Children's Village,Dharamsala
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Gyaling and dungchen at Takthok Monastery, Ladakh. 2010
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Gyaling. Tagthok Gompa, 2010
See also
- Music of Tibet (album)
- Music of Bhutan
- Dungchen
- Last Train to Lhasa
- Aku Pema
- Sakya Pandita – his 13th-century Treatise on Music provides historical insights into liturgical music theory and practice
- Throat singing#Types of throat singing
- Tuvan throat singing#Kargyraa - is related to Tibetan Buddhist chant
- Tibetan Music Awards
- Undertone singing
Footnotes
- JSTOR 834363.
- ^ ISBN 9789745240339.
- ISBN 9781526602749.
- JSTOR 43560853.
- ^ Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1982). Lhasa Street Songs: Political and Social Satire in Traditional Tibet. The Tibet Journal. Vol. VII Nos. 1 & 2. Spring/Summer 1982, pp. 56-66.
- ^ My date with a pop star, TravelBlog 15 March 2007
- ^ Erlich, Reese (2009-05-05). "Rock 'N' Roll At The Top Of The World". NPR. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- ^ a b Gioia, Ted (2006). Healing Songs. Durham and London: Duke University Press. pp. 149–151.
- ^ a b Congdon 2007, pp. 197–198.
- ^ Congdon 2007, p. 125.
- ^ Congdon 2007, pp. 214, 215.
References
- Melinda Jin. Tibetan culture more active on domestic, overseas stages[permanent dead link], China Tibet Online, 15 November 2013.
- Crossley-Holland, Peter. (1976). "The Ritual Music of Tibet." The Tibet Journal. Vol. 1, Nos. 3 & 4, Autumn 1976, pp. 45–54.
- Congdon, Darinda (2007). Tibet Chic: Myth, Marketing, Spirituality and Politics in Musical Representations of Tibet in the United States (PDF) (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). University of Pittsburgh.
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