1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown

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Pakistan Navy Atlantique shootdown
Part of Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts

A Pakistan Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic
Date10 August 1999
Location
Rann of Kutch
Result
  • IAF intercepted and shot down Pakistani naval reconnaissance plane
  • Deterioration of
    Indo-Pakistani relations[1]
Belligerents
 India  Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
(Chief of Air Staff)
(Chief of Naval Staff)
Units involved

 Indian Air Force

Pakistan Navy

Strength
2 MiG-21 Bis 1
Atlantic-91N
Casualties and losses
None 5
officers
killed
11 sailors killed

The Atlantique incident

MiG-21 fighter of the Indian Air Force over the Rann of Kutch, on the border between India and Pakistan. Sixteen Pakistani personnel including the pilots were killed as a result.[3] The episode took place just a month after the Kargil War
ended, aggravating already tense relations between the two countries.

Foreign diplomats based in Pakistan who were escorted to the site by the Pakistan Army noted that the plane may have crossed the border. They also believed that India's reaction was unjustified.[4] Pakistan later lodged a compensation claim at the International Court of Justice, blaming India for the incident, but the court dismissed the case, ruling that it had no jurisdiction in the matter.[5][6][7]

Confrontation

The French-built Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic, c/n 33, flight Atlantic-91, of 29 Squadron, was one of the Pakistan Navy's frontline aircraft, used primarily for patrol and reconnaissance.

port side of the plane.[11]

Claims and counterclaims

The region in Kutch, (marked in red) where the incident took place

The event immediately sparked claims and counter-claims by both nations. Pakistan claimed that the plane was unarmed and the debris was found on Pakistan's side of the border,[12] and there was no violation of Indian airspace. According to the official Pakistan version of events, the plane was on a routine training mission inside Pakistan air space.[13] The Pakistani Prime Minister stated during the funeral service of the airmen that the shooting was a barbaric act.[14]

Enlarged map of the region showing Kori Creek and Sir Creek area, where the plane was shot down and wreckage was found respectively.

The Indian Air force claimed that the aeroplane did not respond to international protocol and that it acted in a "hostile" manner,

Information Minister, Mushahid Hussein, was initially quoted as saying that the aircraft was on a surveillance mission.[17]
India also alleged that the plane violated a
bilateral agreement, signed by India and Pakistan in 1991, under which no military aircraft were to come within 10 kilometres (6.2 mi; 5.4 nmi) of the border[18] (although Pakistan claimed the Atlantic was not a combat aircraft).[4] Indian experts also questioned why a training mission was being carried out so close to the border, when all air forces conduct training flights in clearly demarcated training areas located well away from international boundaries.[19] According to them, the Pakistani claim was untenable since the primary role of the Atlantic is for operations over the sea and that to carry out a training flight over land deep inside foreign territory was an indication of its use in a surveillance role.[19] India displayed part of the wreckage of the Pakistani naval aircraft at New Delhi airport the next day. Pakistan stated that the wreckage was removed from its side of the border by Indian helicopters.[12]

While Pakistan said that the plane was unarmed and the debris was within Pakistani territory, India maintained that warnings had been given to the Atlantic and that its flight trajectory meant it could have fallen on either side of the border. According to the Indian version of events, the MiGs tried to escort it to a nearby Indian base, when the Pakistani aircraft turned abruptly and tried to make a dash for the border; it was only then that it was fired upon. India claimed that the debris was found in a radius of two kilometres (1.2 mi; 1.1 nmi) on either side of the border and that the intrusion took place 10 kilometres (6.2 mi; 5.4 nmi) inside the Kori Creek, which is Indian territory. Pakistan requested that the matter be taken up in the UN. Indian officials claimed that there had been previous violations in the area and pointed out that in the previous year a Pakistani unmanned surveillance aircraft had intruded 150 kilometres (93 mi; 81 nmi) inside the Indian border, coming close to the Bhuj air base before the IAF spotted it and brought it down with several missiles.[17]

Indian analysts state "flare-ups" in the Rann of Kutch region were routine, and despite bilateral agreements, both India and Pakistan had conducted air intrusions in the past. Thus, the fact that the Atlantic was shot down, despite coming close to the Indian border, came as a surprise.[17] Indian officials add that Pakistan military aircraft had violated Indian airspace at least 50 times since January 1999, showing videotapes of Pakistani Atlantics "buzzing", or flying provocatively near the Indian Navy's warships in the Indian Ocean.[20] Some Indian analysts stated that the Atlantic was nearly destroyed in 1983 on a similar encounter and noted other close encounters and violations from Pakistani naval planes.[21][22][23]

Some experts stated that the Atlantic was probably conducting a "probe" on India's

air defence system, mainly the radar equipment in the border area; they advised that it was not part of any planned aggressive military action by Pakistan.[20] Foreign diplomats who visited the crash site noted that the plane "may have strayed into restricted space", and that Islamabad was unable to explain why it was flying so close to the border; they added that India's reaction to the incident was not justified.[4] Many countries, the G8, the permanent members of the UN Security Council, as well as the western media questioned the wisdom behind Pakistan's decision to fly military aircraft so close to the Indian border.[24]

Rise in tensions

On the day following the attack, an IAF helicopter carrying journalists to the site of the attack was attacked by the Pakistan Marines with a surface-to-air missile. Pakistani officials asserted that two Indian jets had intruded into Pakistani airspace near the Atlantic wreckage site, along the border between the Indian state of Gujarat and Pakistan's Sindh Province, and were then fired upon by Pakistan marines. No damage was recorded as the missiles missed the target. The IAF thus aborted their mission and could safely return. The helicopter carrying the journalists also returned without any damage.[20]

Following this, and the rising tensions in the area coupled by the fact that the

US State Department termed the subcontinent as being in a state of "continued high-stakes tension."[14]

Lawsuit

The International Court of Justice dismissed Pakistan's case on the grounds that the court did not have jurisdiction.

On 21 September 1999, Pakistan lodged a compensation claim at the

air defence identification zone."[18]

On 21 June 2000, the 16-judge Bench headed by Gilbert Guillaume of France ruled, with a 14–2 verdict, upholding India's submission that the court had no jurisdiction in this matter.[5][28] Pakistan's claims were dropped, without recourse to appeal, and the outcome was seen as a decision highly favourable to India.[6][7][29] The Pakistan government had spent close to 25 million Pakistani rupees (approx. $400,000) on the case.[30]

Aftermath

In India, the incident made the two

helicopter pilot who recovered a part of the Atlantic's debris from the marshy border regions of the Rann.[32]

References

  1. ^ "The Nation: Atlantique Downing: Creek Crisis". Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2006.
  2. ^ "The Atlantique Incident — Part 1 of 2 - HistoricWings.com :: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers". HistoricWings.com :: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers - A Magazine for Aviators, Adventurers and Pilots. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  3. ^ "16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane". The Independent. 23 October 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Pakistani plane "may have crossed border" Archived 18 October 2002 at the Wayback Machine 13 August 1999 BBC Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  5. ^ a b ICJ's Press Communique on the verdict Archived 15 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 23 July 2007.
  6. ^
    The Tribune
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  7. ^
    wire service
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  8. Aviation Safety Network
    . Retrieved on 23 July 2007.
  9. ^ a b "The Atlantique Incident". 1999 Kargil Operations. Bharat Rakshak Indian Air Force. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
  10. Embassy of India in Washington
    Retrieved on 26 July 2007
  11. ^ IAF Scores a Kill !!! Factual Account of Interception Archived 22 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine – Indian Air Force official page Retrieved on 26 July 2007
  12. ^ a b A Moiz (1999) Core Negativity Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, September 1999 Retrieved on 26 July 2007
  13. ^ 21 September 1999 Application instituting proceeding Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India), International Court of Justice Case page Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  14. ^ a b c "Can't Stop the Madness". Time. Vol. 154, no. 7/8. 23–30 August 1999. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2005. Alternate URL: "ASIANOW - TIME Asia | India-Pakistan: Tit for Tat | 8/23/99". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  15. ^ IAF shoots down Pak intruder plane[permanent dead link]; Wednesday, 11 August 1999; EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE; The Indian Express Retrieved on 1 January 2010
  16. ^ ATLANTIQUE DOWNING: Creek Crisis – The strange encounter in the Rann of Kutch leading to the shooting down of the Pakistani Altantique sets both countries on the path of confrontation again. Archived 22 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine; By Vijay Jung Thapa; 1999/08/23; India Today Magazine
  17. ^ a b c d e Creek Crisis by Vijay Jung Thapa and Aahid Hussain and Uday Mahurkar Archived 22 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine 23 August 1999 India Today Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  18. ^ a b Agreement Between India and Pakistan on the Advance Notice of Military Exercises Archived 22 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine – Hosted on Henry L. Stimson Center Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  19. ^
    Embassy of India in Washington
    webpage
  20. ^
    Washington Post
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  21. ^ Pakistani recce aircraft shot down (Asia-Pacific Report)by S. Mallegol Archived 4 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Electronic Defense 1 September 1999 Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  22. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  23. DOC
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  24. ^ Zehra, Nasim. "Islamabad's Post-Kargil Challenges". Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  25. Mistral missiles
    Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  26. The Tribune
    Retrieved on 10 September 2007
  27. ^ ICJ verdict on jurisdiction in Atlantique case today[usurped] 21 June 2000 – The Hindu Retrieved on 10 September 2007
  28. ^ Judgment of 21 June 2000 Jurisdiction of the Court Archived 5 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  29. ^ World court blow for Pakistan Archived 28 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine BBC 21 June 2000 Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  30. ^ Govt comments sought in Atlantique case Archived 22 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine 17 July 2002 – Pakistan's Dawn.
  31. ^ Report on Bundela's critical condition who was "a national hero" – 11 June 2002 NDTV Retrieved on 23 July 2007
  32. ^ Vayusena Medal (VM) Archived 6 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Bharat Rakshak Retrieved on 22 July 2007

External links

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