Indo-Pakistani Confederation
The concept of an Indo-Pakistani Confederation advocates for a political
Background
The
Confederation
Some politicians and academicians in India and Pakistan have promoted the concept of a confederation between the two republics as a means to resolve their conflicts while promoting common cultural bonds, economic development and solidarity in major issues, with a ceremonial
Former Vice President of India
Lieutenant General Asad Durrani, the former director-general of both Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and Military Intelligence, envisioned in 2018 a future Indo-Pakistan Confederation that would possess a common currency and laws.[8] Durrani stated that such an Indo-Pakistan Confederation would soften the borders of India and Pakistan and eventually integrate the armed forces of both entities, paving the way for Indian reunification, in which Delhi would serve as the capital city.[8]
Asghar Ali Engineer envisaged a broader confederation between the members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka – akin to the European Union.[9][1] Dinanath Mishra supported such a confederation, and believed that along with India, "Countries like Afghanistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka may be willing to start the process this decade itself".[10]
Pakistani Minister for Kashmir Affairs,
Critics have described the proposal as naïve and impractical given the extent of mutual distrust and antagonism between India and Pakistan after decades of consistent fighting and skirmishes.[11]
Reactions
The idea of a confederation gained prominence with the endorsement of senior Indian political leader and then-Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani, who on April 29, 2004, said in an interview to the Pakistani newspaper Dawn, that he envisaged both nations coming together to form a confederation: "I conceive that there would be a time when decades hence, both the countries would feel that partition has not solved matters. Why not come together and form some form of confederation or something like that."[12][6][13] Another senior Indian politician, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia had similarly advocated the idea. This public endorsement from Advani, a prominent Hindu leader, gave rise to much speculation and media coverage, but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Pakistan responded by calling the idea a "mirage," stating that both nations were sovereign in their own right and this status was in their view "irreversible."[13] On the other hand, Pakistani leader Altaf Hussain who founded the Muttahida Qaumi Movement has had a favourable stance towards an India-Pakistan confederation, saying that such a confederation would "set another example like the European Union."[14] Some leaders throughout other nations of South Asia have discussed the practicality of this idea. Some advocates added ideas such as the two nations retaining their sovereignty but issuing and dealing in the same currency and also signing an accord with which they can resolve problems related to defence with world powers like the United States, European Union and Russia.[1]
Some Pakistani commentators have argued that Indian leaders specifically rejected the notion of such a confederation during the early years of the
See also
- Greater India
- India–Pakistan relations
- Partition of India
- Opposition to the Partition of India
- Indian reunification
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Opinions". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ^ a b "Indian author moots confederation to settle Kashmir issue". DAWN.COM. December 29, 2016.
- ^ Two-nation theory
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7023-355-8.
- ^ Wright, Denis (1989). India-Pakistan Relations, 1962–1969. Sterling Publishers. p. 50.
- ^ a b Advani moots Indo-Pak confederation
- ^ a b c Kulkarni, Sudheendra (August 14, 2015). "Pakistan Without Partition: Let's Revive The Buried Idea Of Indo-Pak Confederation". HuffPost.
- ^ ISBN 978-93-5277-926-0.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Asghar Ali Engineer – IISCSSS Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mishra, Dinanath (July 12, 2002). "Dinanath Mishra on the idea of a confederation". Rediff.com. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
- ^ Rediff
- ^ Indian Express[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Advani's remarks on Indo-Pak union a 'mirage' Archived 2005-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
- Times of India.
- ^ "Central Intelligence Agency" (PDF). The Kashmir Dispute – Intelligence Memorandum. 20 September 1965. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ Jayaram, Rajiv (16 December 2011). "When Two-Nation Theory was Torn". The Economic Times. Retrieved 29 October 2021.